Luminal factors stimulate intestinal repair during the refeeding of malnourished infant rabbits

We examined the role of luminal versus systemic factors in promoting intestinal recovery during the refeeding of previously malnourished infant rabbits. Malnutrition was induced by litter expansion at 7 days of age. A 20-cm Thiry–Vella (T-V) loop was created in the intestine of each malnourished and dietary control animal at 21 days of age. Beginning on day 28, controls and one half of the malnourished group (malnourished–refed) were fed chow ad libitum, whereas the remainder of the malnourished group received half the amount of chow given to the malnourished–refed group. On day 35, proximal and distal segments from the intact intestine that remained in continuity as well as segments from the excluded T-V loops were examined. Malnutrition severely reduced mucosal mass and disaccharidase activities in the intact distal intestine. A brief period of refeeding led to a rapid recovery of these parameters. In contrast, the excluded T-V loop segments of the control, malnourished, and malnourished–refed groups all displayed decreased mucosal mass and impaired function to a degree similar to that observed in the intact distal segment from the malnourished group. These results indicate that luminal factors are essential for (i) the maintenance of normal intestinal structure and function in infant rabbits and (ii) the promotion of mucosal repair following nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished animals.Key words: protein-energy malnutrition, intestinal adaptation, Thiry–Vella loop, refeeding.

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Left ventricular mass and function in children with severe protein energy malnutrition

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/0167-5273(92)90050-d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Shyam Sunder Kothari ◽

Tejas M. Patel ◽

Amulyaratha N. Shetalwad ◽

Thakorebhai K. Patel

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular Mass ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Ventricular Mass ◽

Protein Energy ◽

And Function

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Protein Detection in Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Prevalent Neurodegenerative Diseases and Metabolic Disorders

10.5772/intechopen.101051 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ohanube A.K. Goodluck ◽

Obeta M. Uchejeso ◽

Ikeagwulonu R. Chinaza

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Protein Detection ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Protein Energy ◽

And Function

An accurate diagnosis gives leeway to cost-effective treatments. However, many diseases continue to evolve; hence, their etiology is sometimes missed due to the procedures used during diagnosis. Protein-related diseases include proteopathies (proteinopathies) such as neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders like protein-energy malnutrition and some hormonopathies. Hormonopathies are associated with the change in the production of hormones. Diabetes mellitus, a type of hormonopathy, is reviewed in this work alongside neurodegenerative diseases and protein-energy malnutrition. This chapter aims to elucidate more on the diagnosis of these diseases considering the structure and function of their proteins viz-a-viz their deficiencies and hyper-production in man. Their pathogenesis and the principles underlying their diagnosis are further discussed to optimize the management of these diseases among patients.

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The social environment of malnourished children compared with that of other children in Jamaica

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s002193200001316x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. L. Sheffer ◽

S. M. Grantham-McGregor ◽

S. J. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

The Other ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Protein Energy ◽

The Social ◽

Catch Up ◽

Home Stimulation ◽

Different Cultures ◽

Poor Neighbourhood ◽

Malnourished Group

SummaryThis investigation was part of a longitudinal study of mental development of seventeen Jamaican children who were admitted to hospital with severe protein energy malnutrition. The children were compared with 20 adequately nourished children who were admitted to hospital for other reasons.Previous research had shown that, 1 month after the children left hospital, both groups had similar scores on a modified Caldwell Inventory of Home Stimulation. When, in the present investigation, the inventory was repeated 24 months later, scores remained similar in both groups. When compared with data collected from a survey in a poor neighbourhood, again the scores of the neighbourhood children were similar to those of the malnourished group. The malnourished children were however living in poorer houses and had failed to catch up to the other groups in nutritional status.Comparison of these findings with those from other countries suggests that the ecology of malnutrition differs in different cultures and that Jamaican mothers of malnourished children are characterized by poverty rather than poor maternal–child relationships.It also appears that, at this age, poor levels of home stimulation were not a major factor in producing the deficit in development manifested by the malnourished group.

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The effect of prenatal protein-energy malnutrition on the development of mandibles and long bones in newborn rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19830073 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tetsuo Nakamoto ◽

Johnny R. Porter ◽

Mark M. Winkler

Keyword(s):

Cell Size ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Long Bone ◽

Long Bones ◽

Newborn Rats ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Malnourished Group

1. To evaluate the role of gestational protein-energy malnutrition on fetal hard-tissue growth and metabolism, we measured several variables in the growth centres of mandibles and long bones of newborn rats.2. Control pups and pups of malnourished dams had approximately the same extent of reduction in body-weight, mandibular weight and long-bone weight.3. The malnourished group had more cells in the mandible although cell size was the same as that of controls.4. In contrast, in the long bones, the malnourished group had fewer cells than did controls whereas cell size was unchanged.5. Calcium content was the same in long bones of both groups, but was less in the mandibles of pups from malnourished dams. Ca metabolism as measured by 45Ca uptake was unchanged in the long bones, but was increased in the mandibles of the malnourished group shortly after birth. Calcification patterns at birth in these bones correlated well with alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity.6. These findings indicate that the mandibles and long bones of offspring are affected differently by protein–energy malnutrition during the mother's gestation. Prenatal nutritional stress resulted in a disturbance of the pituitary–adrenal system. Increased adrenal corticosterone could possibly be related to the different observed changes in bone metabolism.

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Gestational protein–energy malnutrition affects the composition of developing skins of rat fetuses and their dams

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19870089 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 215-220

Author(s):

Takashi Miwa ◽

Hiromu Shoji ◽

Moshe Solomonow ◽

Malektaj Yazdani ◽

Tetsuo Nakamoto

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Neutral Salt ◽

Fetal Skin ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Malnourished Group

1. Various biochemical variables of the skins of rat dams and their fetuses in which protein-energy malnutrition was induced during pregnancy were analysed.2. One group of dams was fed on a 200 g protein/kg diet as a control and the other was fed on a 60 g protein/kg diet as an experimental group. Each group of dams was fed from day 13 of gestation until day 22.3. Water, protein and hexosamine concentrations of the fetal skins in the malnourished group were greater than those in the control group, whereas in the dams′ skins, protein concentration was greater in the malnourished group than in the control group.4. Extractability of collagen with neutral salt and pepsin showed no difference between the groups in the skins of fetuses and dams. The content of type III collagen in the fetal skin did not differ between the groups, but was increased in the malnourished dams′ skins compared with that of the control group.5. The present study showed that protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy significantly affects the metabolism of the skin in both fetuses and their dams. Furthermore, the skins of fetuses and dams are structurally altered in different ways by this nutritional stress.

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Impact of Refeeding on Intestinal Development and Function in Infant Rabbits Subjected to Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199003000-00008 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J Decker Butzner ◽

D Grant Gall

Keyword(s):

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Protein Energy ◽

And Function

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Effect of hibernation and jejunal bypass on mucosal structure and function

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.1.g37 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (1) ◽

pp. G37-G44 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. V. Carey ◽

H. J. Cooke

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Local Responses ◽

Systemic Factors ◽

Mucosal Mass ◽

And Function ◽

Jejunal Bypass

Intestinal mucosal structure and function may be regulated by systemic factors associated with oral feeding, as well as local responses initiated by contact of the mucosa with food. This study compared the relative effects of these factors in an animal model that undergoes seasonal long-term fasting. Jejunal bypass operations or sham surgeries were performed on active fed ground squirrels or on squirrels that subsequently ceased feeding and hibernated. Mucosal wet weight, protein content, villus height, and surface area were reduced in jejunal segments that had minimal exposure to luminal contents (bypassed segments of active squirrels and all segments of hibernators) compared with segments exposed to the luminal stream (incontinuity and sham segments of active squirrels). When normalized to mucosal weight, transepithelial absorption of 3-O-methylglucose and alanine-dependent sodium flux were greater in jejunal segments with minimal exposure to luminal nutrients. Altered structure in bypassed segments of active and hibernating squirrels paralleled changes in functional parameters despite the presence of different systemic factors in the two groups. Thus, in this animal model, contact of the mucosa with food, and not systemic factors associated with oral feeding, is the primary factor maintaining mucosal mass. The absence of mucosal contact with nutrients enhances specific absorptive function by mechanisms that have yet to be determined.

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