Physiological responses of postprandial red rock crabs (Cancer productus) during emersion

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1158-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McGaw ◽  
D. L. Curtis ◽  
J. D. Ede ◽  
K. J. Ong ◽  
F. van Breukelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Cancer Productus ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
High Lactate

The physiological responses of unfed and postprandial red rock crabs ( Cancer productus J.W. Randal, 1840) were investigated during periods of emersion. During aerial exposure, oxygen uptake quickly fell to very low levels and was no longer detectable in the haemolymph after 12 h. The resulting anaerobic respiration led to a build up in lactic acid and the resulting acidosis was more pronounced in the postprandial crabs. There was also a concomitant rise in PCO2 and CCO2, and in both cases these were higher in postprandial animals. Higher ammonia levels in postprandial crabs showed that cellular activities were still proceeding anaerobically, suggesting that although crabs can delay mechanical digestion during emersion, once intracellular digestion occurs they may be committed to these processes. Increased mortality rates of postprandial animals were probably due to a combination of the high lactate and CO2 levels coupled with an increased ammonia concentration. For C. productus stranded in the intertidal zone there may be little effect of feeding, as they are only exposed for short periods and recovery occurs during re-immersion. The crabs are more likely to become moribund and death ensue during longer term exposure such as commercial live shipment.

The effect of feeding supplementary mixtures of tree leaves on nitrogen utilisation in sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
C J Powell ◽  
C E Lascano ◽  
D L Romney ◽  
M Gill
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ytterbium Chloride ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The potential benefits of mixing leaves containing high and low levels of condensed tannin (CT) on N utilisation in sheep was studied at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia.Supplements of Cratylia argentea (Ca) (tannin free), replaced with 0, 25, 50 or 100% Flemingia macrophylla (Fm) (25.1 g CT/kg DM) were fed as 40% of total ration DM (85g/M0·75), the remainder coming from Brachiaria dictyoneura (Bd). Treatments were offered in a replicated 4x4 latin square to eight male African Hair sheep (mean liveweight 23 (s.e. 1.5) kg), fistulated at the rumen and proximal duodenum (T-piece). Total collections of urine and faeces were used to estimate apparent N retention. Ammonia concentration was measured in rumen liquor samples taken hourly over 24 hours, while duodenal flows were estimated from spot samples using Ytterbium chloride as a single phase marker.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Calcium Soap of Fatty Acids and Sodium Acetate on the Physiological Responses of Dairy Cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-962
Author(s):  
Takamitsu AII ◽  
Mitsunori KURIHARA ◽  
Shinichi KUME ◽  
Mamoru TOMITA ◽  
Hirotoshi HAYASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

scholarly journals Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC responses to water restriction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Francine Falcão de Macedo Nava ◽  
Vilson Conrado da Luz ◽  
Lucas Antonio Stempkowski ◽  
Lenir Fátima Gotz ◽  
Fabiana Tonial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Baccharis Trimera ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Climate change can cause imbalances in plants. Baccharis trimera is a specie usually found in harsh conditions and has medicinal and agricultural properties. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses of this plant under water restriction (WR) levels. B. trimera samples were identified and collected in Erechim/RS and propagated in a greenhouse. When acclimated, they were subjected to 0, 25, 75 and 100% WR, determined according to the water saturation in the soil by capillary action. After 30 days of treatment, the physiological responses: growth, and fresh and dry biomass; and the biochemical responses: activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes, proline, protein and hydrogen peroxide content, and lipid peroxidation, were determined. Data were submitted to regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The WR of 27.37%, on average, induced an increase in physiological parameters, but the root growth was impaired in conditions above 50% of WR. With the increase in WR there was an increase in the activity of SOD in the shoot and APX in the root. In low WR conditions, proline contents were maintained. Therefore, with low levels of WR, around 27%, B. trimera has increase in root growth and root and shoot biomass. Proline, and SOD and APX activity are a pathway that scavenging the stress generated by WR on B. trimera.

scholarly journals North Sea cod recovery?

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Horwood ◽  
Carl O'Brien ◽  
Chris Darby
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractRecovery of depleted marine, demersal, commercial fish stocks has proved elusive worldwide. As yet, just a few shared or highly migratory stocks have been restored. Here we review the current status of the depleted North Sea cod (Gadus morhua), the scientific advice to managers, and the recovery measures in place. Monitoring the progress of North Sea cod recovery is now hampered by considerable uncertainties in stock assessments associated with low stock size, variable survey indices, and inaccurate catch data. In addition, questions arise as to whether recovery targets are achievable in a changing natural environment. We show that current targets are achievable with fishing mortality rates that are compatible with international agreements even if recruitment levels remain at the current low levels. Furthermore, recent collations of data on international fishing effort have allowed estimation of the cuts in fishing mortality achieved by restrictions on North Sea effort. By the beginning of 2005, these restrictions are estimated to have reduced fishing mortality rates by about 37%. This is insufficient to ensure recovery of North Sea cod within the next decade.

Effect of Feeding Low Levels of Diethylstilbestrol on Gestation and Lactation of Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Browning ◽  
D. B. Parrish ◽  
F. C. Fountaine
Keyword(s):  
Low Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

scholarly journals BLEEDING TENDENCY AND PROTHROMBIN DEFICIENCY IN BILIARY FISTULA DOGS: EFFECT OF FEEDING BILE AND VITAMIN K

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Smith ◽  
E. D. Warner ◽  
K. M. Brinkhous ◽  
W. H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Biliary Fistula ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

In biliary fistula dogs the plasma prothrombin falls eventually to low levels and bleeding commonly occurs. Faulty absorption of vitamin K from the intestine in these animals is an important causative factor. Feeding bile permits absorption of the traces of this vitamin normally present in mixed diets, and as a result a slow rise in prothrombin level is observed. If a standard diet is supplemented with large amounts of vitamin K concentrate the prothrombin rise is rapid, provided bile or bile salt is supplied to aid in the absorption. Variations in the rate of prothrombin depletion in biliary fistula dogs kept on constant diet indicate the existence of additional factors which require further study. Our experience indicates that vitamin A and vitamin D supplements do not correct the prothrombin deficiency in biliary fistula animals.

scholarly journals Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Spain: Epidemiology at State and Sub-state Level from 1999 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xesús Feás
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Low Levels

Epidemiology of fatalities in Spain due to hornet, wasp and bee stings (Cause Code of Death: X23) is described. Over a 20-year period (1999-2018), a total of 78 fatalities were recorded, mostly occurring in males (85.9%), of 65 years and older (52.6%), at “unspecified places” (67.9%) and in the months of July and August (50%). The X23 mortality rates (X23MR) expressed in terms of annual rates and per million inhabitants, varied from 0.02 to 0.19 (mean value ± standard deviation = 0.09 ± 0.05), placing Spain at low levels in comparison with other countries. A more detailed and specific breakdown of the distribution of the yearly deaths at Sub-state level and across communities reveals some striking features. They were more concentrated in the Communities of Galicia (35.8%), Andalucía (21.7%) and Castilla y León (12.8%). X23MR were estimated in Galicia at 1.82, 1.10 and 2.22 in 2014, 2016 and 2018 respectively; and in Asturias at 1.88 and 0.97, in 2014 and 2017 respectively. The role of the invasive species Vespa velutina (VV), is examined. Due to its habits, abundance and broader distribution, the risk that VV represents to human health is unmatched by other Hymenoptera native species.

scholarly journals Malnutrition Rates in Chile from the Nitrate Era to the 1990s

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13112
Author(s):  
Manuel Llorca-Jaña ◽  
Diego Barría Traverso ◽  
Diego del Barrio Vásquez ◽  
Javier Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chilean Population ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Following Salvatore and the WHO, in this article, we provide the first long-term estimates of malnutrition rates for Chile per birth cohort, measured through stunting rates of adult males born from the 1870s to the 1990s. We used a large sample of military records, representative of the whole Chilean population, totalling over 38 thousand individuals. Our data suggest that stunting rates were very high for those born between the last three decades of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century. In addition, stunting rates increased from the 1870s to the 1900s. Thereafter, there was a clear downward trend in stunting rates (despite some fluctuations), reaching low levels of malnutrition, in particular, from the 1960s (although these are high if compared to developed countries). The continuous decrease in stunting rates from the 1910s was mainly due to a combination of factors, the importance of which varied over time, namely: Improved health (i.e., sharp decline in infant mortality rates during the whole period); increased energy consumption (from the 1930s onwards, but most importantly during the 1990s); a decline in poverty rates (in particular, between the 1930s and the 1970s); and a reduction in child labour (although we are less able to quantify this).

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