An annotated checklist of the freshwater Tricladida of the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Sixty-three valid species of freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria), representing 16 genera, are listed from North and South America. Comments on nomenclatural problems or changes of taxonomic status are included when necessary. Worldwide distributional data are provided at the generic level, but at the specific level only the Western hemisphere is considered. The taxonomic status of four incompletely described species is also briefly discussed. A bibliography of 84 references directs users of the checklist to the most important recent papers dealing with the taxonomy and distribution of the individual species, and provides a key to the older literature. New records for Canada, involving nine species, are given preliminary mention.

scholarly journals Dung burial by roller dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): An individual and specific-level study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
R. L. Carvalho ◽  
F. Frazão ◽  
R.S. Ferreira–Châline ◽  
J. Louzada ◽  
L. Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Burial Rates ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) mediate many ecological functions that are important to maintain the ecosystem functioning of terrestrial environments. Although a large amount of literature explores the dung beetle-mediated ecological processes, little is known about the individual contribution from distinct species. Here, we aimed to examine the intra and interspecific variations in dung burial rates performed by two roller dung beetle species (Canthon smaragdulus Fabricius, 1781 and Canthon sulcatus Castelnau, 1840). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between dung beetle biomass and dung burial rates. We set up a laboratorial experiment with three treatments (two males, two females, and a couple) and 10 replicates per treatment for each dung beetle species, and dung burial rates were measured after exposing 100 g of mixed pig and human excrement for 48 hours. Our results demonstrate that dung burial rates of males, females, and couples within each species do not differ. However, C. smaragdulus individuals performed a larger dung burial than C. sulcatus individuals did. In addition, we found no effect of individual biomass on the amount of dung burial on intra and interspecific levels. These findings highlight the need for further research considering that distinct species, even from the same genus, may perform different rates of ecological processes, as well as about the importance for considering the beetle biomass when measuring their ecological functions. We call for studies to fill in the knowledge gap about the individual species’ contribution to the maintenance of different dung beetle-mediated ecological processes.

scholarly journals 2-Nonanone is a Critical Pheromone Component for Cerambycid Beetle Species Native to North and South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weliton D Silva ◽  
Lawrence M Hanks ◽  
Judith A Mongold-Diers ◽  
Anna C Grommes ◽  
José Maurício S Bento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract An increasing body of evidence indicates that cerambycid beetles native to different continents may share pheromone components, suggesting that these compounds arose as pheromone components early in the evolution of the family. Here, we describe the identification and field testing of the pheromone blends of two species in the subfamily Cerambycinae that share 2-nonanone as an important component of their male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones, the South American Stizocera consobrina Gounelle (tribe Elaphidiini) and the North American Heterachthes quadrimaculatus Haldeman (tribe Neoibidionini). Along with 2-nonanone, males of S. consobrina also produce 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione, whereas males of H. quadrimaculatus produce 10-methyldodecanol. Field bioassays conducted in Brazil (targeting S. consobrina) and Illinois (targeting H. quadrimaculatus) demonstrated that adults of both species were attracted only by the blends of both their pheromone components, and not to the individual components. The use of the pyrrole as a critical component for the former species is further evidence that this compound is a common pheromone structure among cerambycines in different biogeographical regions of the world.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of North Padre Island, Texas, USA, with comparisons to adjacent barrier island and mainland herpetofauna

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1073 ◽  
pp. 119-175
Author(s):  
Mike Duran
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Padre Island ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
North And South

Padre Island is the world’s longest barrier island and includes the longest stretch of undeveloped barrier island in the world. Largely due to harsh environmental conditions and difficult access, only cursory and incomplete checklists and subjective estimates of abundance have been produced. The results of an inventory of amphibians and reptiles of North Padre Island conducted 2002–2020, including the results of extensive field surveys conducted 2002–2003, are reported herein. Natural history museum and iNaturalist records are summarized and compared among North and South Padre and Mustang islands and the mainland portion of the seven counties in which the islands occur. The conservation status of rare species and extirpation of others is noted. The morphology and taxonomic status of some unique occurrences are discussed. Eleven species of amphibians and 39 species of reptiles presently occur or have occurred naturally or as introduced or accidental species on North Padre Island. Twelve species of amphibians and 50 species of reptiles occur or have occurred on North Padre, South Padre, and Mustang islands. Thirty-one species of amphibians and 93 species of reptiles have been reported from the seven counties in which the islands occur.

scholarly journals FIRST ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF JICARÓN AND JICARITA: THE SOUTHERNMOST ISLANDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Tecnociencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Pedro Luis Castillo-Caballero ◽  
Claudio M. Monteza-Moreno ◽  
Oscar Johnson ◽  
George R. Angehr
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest land bridge between North and South America, is surrounded by a large number of islands (>1500) relatively close to the mainland. However, despite the potential role Panamanian islands have for the conservation of bird species, most avian surveys are conducted on the mainland. The islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, located in Coiba National Park, are of particular interest because these are the southernmost islands in the Republic of Panama. Additionally, previous avian surveys were restricted to Coiba Island, the largest of the park, leaving the avifauna in the rest of the islands poorly known. Here, we provide the first annotated checklist of birds for the islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, where we documented 115 and 53 species, respectively. Of these 23 species represent new records for the park. Further, we documented 10 endemic subspecies and 29 migratory species, of which 7 are warblers. The most frequently observed species were Brown-backed Dove (Leptotila plumbeiceps battyi), Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) and Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola). We highlight some species of interest and discuss the potential role of these islands for conservation.

Updated checklist and conservation status of Cactaceae in the state of Durango, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 327 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTHA GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO ◽  
M. SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO ◽  
JESÚS GUADALUPE GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS ◽  
JORGE A. TENA-FLORES ◽  
I. LORENA LÓPEZ ENRIQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Annotated Checklist

An updated and annotated checklist of Cactaceae in the Mexican state of Durango is provided, supported by a thorough examination of specialized literature and herbarium specimens, as well as field work. Additionally, geographical distribution, endemism and conservation status of the species were analyzed based on a compiled data matrix with 2326 georeferenced records. Cactaceae comprises 137 species and 29 genera in Durango, which represent a high proportion of the Mexican cactus flora: 46−58% at the generic level and 20−23% at the specific level. The estimated richness according to Chao-2 and Jackknife-1 is 143 and 151 species respectively, which means that the inventory we present here for the Cactaceae of Durango is complete in 91 to 96%.  Since no herbarium specimens nor registers in reliable data bases were found to support their presence in the area, 46 taxa were excluded; even so, this inventory increases by 30% the cacti richness previously reported for Durango and provides new information on the distribution range of many species. The richest genera are Mammillaria, Opuntia, Coryphantha and Echinocereus. The highest concentration of species occurs in the arid and semiarid zone of eastern Durango, although there are also some spots with significant richness in the tropical region on the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental. 75% of the species are endemic to Mexico, 41% are regional endemics and 5% are restricted to Durango. New records and relevant novelties are also discussed.

scholarly journals Puma genomes from North and South America provide insights into the genomic consequences of inbreeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedda F. Saremi ◽  
Megan A. Supple ◽  
Ashley Byrne ◽  
James A. Cahill ◽  
Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Central American ◽  
South American ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Close Inbreeding

Abstract Pumas are the most widely distributed felid in the Western Hemisphere. Increasingly, however, human persecution and habitat loss are isolating puma populations. To explore the genomic consequences of this isolation, we assemble a draft puma genome and a geographically broad panel of resequenced individuals. We estimate that the lineage leading to present-day North American pumas diverged from South American lineages 300–100 thousand years ago. We find signatures of close inbreeding in geographically isolated North American populations, but also that tracts of homozygosity are rarely shared among these populations, suggesting that assisted gene flow would restore local genetic diversity. The genome of a Florida panther descended from translocated Central American individuals has long tracts of homozygosity despite recent outbreeding. This suggests that while translocations may introduce diversity, sustaining diversity in small and isolated populations will require either repeated translocations or restoration of landscape connectivity. Our approach provides a framework for genome-wide analyses that can be applied to the management of similarly small and isolated populations.

Morphological discrimination of a tobacco-feeding form from Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and a key to New World Myzus (Nectarosiphon) species

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Autosomal Translocation

AbstractMultivariate techniques, principally the method of canonical variates, were used to investigate morphological variation within and between populations of the group of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The scores on the first canonical variate of samples from tobacco in North America, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Africa and Sri Lanka all grouped consistently when compared with samples from other host-plants, even after aphids from tobacco had been reared for up to seven years on a non-tobacco host. Thus there is a widely-distributed tobacco-adapted form, closely related to M. persicae but with its own characteristic morphology. Morphological discriminants are given for the recognition of apterous and alate viviparae of this tobacco form, which is given the name M. nicotianae sp. n. Both M. persicae and M. nicotianae have 2n = 12, and both are frequently heterozygous for apparently the same autosomal translocation, which they must have acquired independently. M. nicotianae is presumably isolated from M. persicae by being permanently parthenogenetic. In Japan and Central Asia, however, aphids of the M. persicae group on tobacco can produce sexual morphs; the taxonomic status of these latter populations is still unclear. Multivariate comparison of European and North American populations of dark green aphids of the M. persicae group with 13 or 14 chromosomes in somatic cell nuclei instead of the normal 12, led to the conclusion that these all belong to one morphologically variable taxon, M. antirrhinii (Macchiati). Keys are provided to the apterous and alate virginoparae of the species of the M. persicae group in America.

Reassessment of the Early Cretaceous plesiosaur Cimoliasaurus maccoyi Etheridge, 1904 (Reptilia : Sauropterygia) from White Cliffs, New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Kear
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New South ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Cimoliasaurus maccoyi Etheridge, 1904 is a poorly known plesiosauroid from the lower Cretaceous (Aptian) opal-bearing deposits (Doncaster Member, Wallumbilla Formation) of White Cliffs, New South Wales. Characters used to define the taxon are found to be either uninformative beyond higher taxonomic levels, ontogenetically related or misinterpreted, suggesting that C. maccoyi is a nomen dubium. Provisional referral of the C. maccoyi remains to Elasmosauridae gen. et sp. indet. may be warranted on the basis the derived morphology of its cervical vertebrae. A review of 'cimoliasaurian' taxa described from the Callovian to Maastrichtian of Europe, North and South America, New Zealand and Australia indicates that all can either be reassigned or represent nomina dubia. The taxonomic status of Cimoliasauridae is also tenuous, with the family established on largely non-diagnostic characters.

Brazilian geology for Brazilian students: The general geology textbook published by John Casper Branner in 1906

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueirôa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
National Styles

This paper focuses on a somewhat neglected subject/object—textbooks—intending to discuss and analyze the case of the book Geologia elementar preparada com referencia especial aos estudantes brazileiros e à geologia do Brazil [Elementary geology prepared with special reference to Brazilian students and to Brazilian geology], written by the North American geologist John Casper Branner (1850–1922), first published in 1906, with a second edition in 1915. It is my aim to address some questions: How and why was this textbook written? Was it molded by the expectations of its author, its publisher or the general public? How far did it express the conceptions and paradigms of the time, national styles/tendencies, or momentous controversial issues? Did the individual reputation of its author ensure its circulation? Was it inspired by, or based upon, other textbooks? I expect that the arguments contribute to the understanding that textbooks and their authors are not neutral objects or passive actors, but they actually play a creative role in the development of a scientific discipline—in this case, Brazilian geology, through the relations between North and South America and their respective geoscientific communities.

scholarly journals Taxonomic recognition of some species-level lineages circumscribed in nominal Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans s. lat. (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9555
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szczepańska ◽  
Jacek Urbaniak ◽  
Lucyna Śliwa
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Background Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant., a saxicolous, placodioid lichen, is considered to have a worldwide distribution in warm-temperate to boreal-arctic areas in Asia, Europe and North America. However, recent studies have revealed that this species includes five unrecognized species-level lineages—‘subd A, B, C, D and E’. During research focused on the diversity of saxicolous lichens in mountainous areas of southern Poland, some interesting representatives of the genus Rhizoplaca were found. The main aim of our study was to determine the taxonomic status of the collected specimens by means of molecular tools and a comparative analysis of similar herbarium materials. Methods Detailed morphological, anatomical and chemical examinations of reference material from Asia, Europe and North and South America focused primarily on a selected group of lecanoroid taxa with a placodioid thallus. In addition, 21 new generated sequences representing Lecanora pseudomellea, Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Rhizoplaca opiniconensis, R. subdiscrepans s. lat. and R. phaedrophthalma were selected for molecular study using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA), together with 95 available GenBank sequences mainly from the genus Rhizoplaca. Results Polish specimens that clustered with members of a potential species-level lineage ‘subd E’ of Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans complex were recovered. Comprehensive analyses of the lichen group led us to the conclusion that lineage ‘subd E’ represents R. subdiscrepans s. str. and that the taxon appears to have a limited geographical distribution and specific habitat preferences. Furthermore, some of the recently defined species candidates within R. subdiscrepans s. lat.—‘subd D’ and ‘subd A’—should be assigned to two previously known species of Rhizoplaca, namely R. opiniconensis (Brodo) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch and R. phaedrophthalma (Poelt) Leavitt, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, respectively. These two species are characterized by phenotypic features observed as well in analyzed specimens representing lineages ’subd D’ and ’subd A’. Moreover, the representatives of these lineages demonstrate some differences in occupied habitat and geographical range that also correspond with the indicated species. Additionally, it was found that Lecanora pseudomellea B.D. Ryan is a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within Rhizoplaca, and therefore an appropriate new combination for the species is proposed.

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