The effects of endrin on Microtus and Peromyscus. I. Unenclosed field populations

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Control Plot ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Mammal Species ◽  
Stable Control ◽  
Better Than

Effects of endrin on unenclosed field populations of Microtus pennsylvanicus and Peromyscus maniculatus were investigated from June 1966 to October 1968. Adjacent 7-ac control and experimental plots were live-trapped each summer at regular intervals before and after a single endrin application of 8.0 oz per acre to the experimental plot.Immediate and significant postspray declines in Microtus numbers occurred on the experimental plot but no long-term toxicological effect was demonstrated. The experimental Microtus population rapidly recovered in numbers, eventually exceeded prespray numbers in 2 years, and exceeded corresponding control numbers in all 3 years. In 1966 and 1968, significantly more new Microtus were captured during postspray trapping on the experimental than on the control plot, and recruits survived significantly better than new individuals entering the more stable control population.It is suggested that reduction in numbers and the presumed decrease in intraspecific aggressive encounters disrupted the social structure to such an extent that normal regulation of numbers was no longer possible. The experimental Microtus population appears to have responded to endrin as it would to a local depopulation by removal trapping.Although Peromyscus were more abundant on the experimental than on the control plot before the first endrin application, their numbers were significantly reduced after spray in 1966 and never did recover. Recruitment by immigration or breeding did not occur and all individuals captured on the experimental plot in 1967 and 1968 remained there for only one trapping period. A long-term toxicological effect on Peromyscus was demonstrated, indicating a differential response of the two small mammal species to endrin.

Long-term stress level in a small mammal species undergoing range expansion

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien André ◽  
Johan Michaux ◽  
Jorge Gaitan ◽  
Virginie Millien
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Small Mammal Species ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Abstract Rapid climate change is currently altering species distribution ranges. Evaluating the long-term stress level in wild species undergoing range expansion may help better understanding how species cope with the changing environment. Here, we focused on the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a widespread small mammal species in North-America whose distribution range is rapidly shifting northward. We evaluated long-term stress level in several populations of P. leucopus in Quebec (Canada), from the northern edge of the species distribution to more core populations in Southern Quebec. We first tested the hypothesis that populations at the range margin are under higher stress than more established populations in the southern region of our study area. We then compared four measures of long-term stress level to evaluate the congruence between these commonly used methods. We did not detect any significant geographical trend in stress level across our study populations of P. leucopus. Most notably, we found no clear congruence between the four measures of stress level we used, and conclude that these four commonly used methods are not equivalent, thereby not comparable across studies.

Paradoxical population resilience of a keystone predator to a toxic invasive species

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
J. Sean Doody ◽  
David Rhind ◽  
Simon Clulow
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Keystone Predator ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Population Resilience

Abstract ContextThe invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) has decimated populations of a keystone predator, the yellow-spotted monitor (Varanus panoptes), causing trophic cascades in Australian animal communities. Paradoxically, some V. panoptes populations coexist with toads. Demonstrating patterns in heterogeneous population-level impacts could reveal mechanisms that mediate individual effects, and provide managers with the ability to predict future impacts and assist in population recovery. AimsThe aim of the present study was to search for spatial patterns of population resilience of V. panoptes to invasive cane toads. MethodsPublished literature, unpublished data, reports and anecdotal information from trained herpetologists were used to test the emerging hypothesis that resilient predator populations are mainly coastal, whereas non-resilient populations are mostly inland. Key resultsPost-toad invasion data from 23 V. panoptes populations supported the idea that toad impacts on V. panoptes were heterogeneous; roughly half the populations could be designated as resilient (n=13) and half as non-resilient (n=10). Resilient populations had longer times since toad invasion than did non-resilient populations (39 versus 9 years respectively), supporting the idea that some recovery can occur. Non-resilient populations were exclusively inland (n=10), whereas resilient populations were split between inland (n=5) and coastal (n=8) populations. Resilient inland populations, however, were mainly confined to areas in which decades had passed since toad invasion. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that coastal V. panoptes populations fare much better than inland populations when it comes to surviving invading cane toads. ImplicationsUnambiguous recovery of monitor populations remains undemonstrated and will require long-term population monitoring before and after toad invasion.

The impact of a TV report in schizophrenia stigma reduction: A quasi-experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly de Oliveira Bosoni ◽  
Geraldo Busatto Filho ◽  
Daniel Martins de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background: Stigma is a major problem in schizophrenia, and the most effective way to reduce it is to provide information. But literature lacks studies evaluating long-term efficacy of mass communication. Aims: This is a pilot study to assess if a brief intervention (TV report) may have long-term effects. Method: Assessing stigma scores from subjects before and after seeing a vignette. Results: We found that the social distance and restriction to patients not only fell after a brief intervention but also kept lower after 1 and 3 months. Conclusion: We conclude that even brief intervention may create persistent impact in reducing discrimination.

scholarly journals Compatibility between C6F12O–N2 Gas Mixture and Metal Used in Medium-Voltage Switchgears

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4639
Author(s):  
Ran Zhuo ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Dibo Wang ◽  
Mingli Fu ◽  
Ju Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Copper Sheet ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Better Than

C6F12O has been introduced as the potential alternative gas to SF6 because of its excellent insulation properties and great eco-friendly performance. Considering that C6F12O may react with the internal materials of switchgears in practical applications, its compatibility with metal materials must be tested to evaluate its long-term application possibilities. In this work, the compatibility of C6F12O–N2 gas mixtures with aluminum and copper was tested at different temperatures by setting up a heat-aging reaction platform between the gas and each metal. The metal surface morphology and gas composition before and after the reaction were compared and analyzed. The results show that the surface color of the copper sheet changed considerably, and the corrosion degree of the surface deepened with the increase of temperature. The decomposition of C6F12O was also promoted. In contrast, aluminum did not react severely with the gas mixture. The compatibility of the gas mixture with aluminum was generally better than that of copper.

Behavioural evidence for social units in long-finned pilot whales

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Andrea Ottensmeyer ◽  
Hal Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Testing ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fishery Data ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Social Units ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

In general, mammal species show geographic or social dispersal by one or both sexes. Long-term behavioural observations and genetic evidence have confirmed that fish-eating resident killer whales, Orcinus orca, are a rare exception. Female and male offspring travel with their mothers for their whole lives: this is natal group philopatry. It is suspected that pilot whales, Globicephala spp., also follow this social pattern, but longitudinal data on the social structure of live long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas, are rare. We observed G. melas through July and August of 1998–2000 off northern Nova Scotia, Canada. Estimated group sizes ranged from 2 to 135 (mean = 20, SD = 17, median = 15, n = 249). We distinguished 322 individuals on the basis of distinctive marks on the dorsal fin, with estimated mark rates of 0.336 (proportion) (SE = 0.041) and 0.352 (mean of estimates) (SE = 0.036). Permutation testing rejected the null hypothesis of random association between individuals (p < 0.0005). The best fit model of the standardized lagged association rate suggests short-term associations of individuals over hours to days and long-term associations with a subset of those individuals over years. When scaled according to mark rate, sets of long-term associates average approximately 11–12 individuals, a much lower estimate than that presented previously from drive-fishery data from the Faroe Islands. Genetic sampling of behaviourally studied individuals is recommended.

scholarly journals The reshaping of medical image by news reports during COVID-19 's epidemic situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
Xinyan Lu ◽  
Yijing Lu ◽  
Siyu Le ◽  
Yazheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Social Image ◽  
News Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Intermediary Role

Medical image has always been a long-term topic in social life, through questionnaires and personal interviews to investigate the role of news reports on the reconstruction of medical image before and after the epidemic. Through the investigation, it can be found that the media has played a certain intermediary role and positive guiding role in the alleviation of doctor-patient relationship and the shaping of medical portrayals; some metaphorical discourse descriptions in news reports can achieve better communication effect; through a variety of reporting forms and attribute agenda settings, the media enriches the foreground image of doctors and indirectly shapes the social image of doctors.

scholarly journals Spinometric analysis of patient affected by scoliosis, treated with acupressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Palandri
Keyword(s):  
Female Subject ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Curve ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Postural Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Introduction Much has been written about how the Traditional Chinese Medicine Meridians (TCMs) are closely related to Myofascial Chains (MCs) and then, as a logic consequence, to the Posture. However, there are still few studies that operatively verify these concepts by performing acupressure treatments (like Shiatsu) on subjects groups, of which is performed a postural analysis, before and after.The aim of the present work is to promote these studies, starting from a pilot one and analyzing results thereof.Materials and Methods The study, intended as a case report, enrolled a single, 12 year-old, female subject affected by double curve, low degree scoliosis for just a clinic confirmation, for 10 consecutive modules spaced about a week (range 5-10 days) from each other and consisting of a postural analysis before and after an acupressure treatment (Shiatsu) without time gaps between analysis and treatment. The analysis was made with a DIERS Formetric 4D.Results While observing selected parameters relating their pre- and post-treatment values, is is possible to understand how the lumbar arrow (LA) is systemically reduced, the cervical arrow (CA) is progressively ameliorated, the Antero-Posterior Flexion (APF) and the Hemipelvis Torsion (HT) are progressively harmonized.After all the performed treatment, the subject refers the perception of his psycho-emotional state, better than the initial one, even though it was already good or very good.Discussion The series of treatments has shown his efficiency in the variation of morpho-structural parameters in the acute. Due to its configuration, the study didn't consider long term effects, an interesting aspect to be investigated dedicated studies with bigger sample size.Conclusions From an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective, the stimulation of "tsubo" according to the Fascial Neuromodulation model can represent a treatment integrated with the manipulation of peripheral entries in the correction of postural-type morpho-structural alterations.

A non-mutilating method for marking small wild mammals and reptiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Petit ◽  
Helen P. Waudby ◽  
Ashley T. Walker ◽  
Rebecca Zanker ◽  
Gina Rau
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Vertebrate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ventral Area ◽  
Small Mammal Species

Marking animals for identification is necessary in many aspects of wildlife research. In view of cost, practicality and ethical issues associated with many methods, we aimed to develop a suitable method for marking small wild vertebrates. We injected ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent tattoo ink subcutaneously into the tail of eight small mammal species and into the ventral area of seven lizard species. The method appeared suitable for seven mammal species and all seven lizard species, although survival after release remains to be determined. The method improved survival during handling of a sensitive rodent species compared with ear notching, which involved tighter head and chest control. Sixty-two recaptures indicated that the animals were healthy and the marks had not moved. UV-fluorescent tattoo ink is a cheap and ethical way of marking many small vertebrate species, although we recommend long-term evaluations of mark retention and the impact of tattoos on animals, including a potential increase in visibility to some predators. This marking method is likely to have applications for a wide range of wildlife.

The actions of the social insurance agency regarding long-term sickness absentees before and after a medical assessment – a study of 384 case files

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 1683-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Marklund ◽  
Göran Lundh ◽  
Klas Gustafsson ◽  
Jürgen Linder ◽  
Pia Svedberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Insurance Agency

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes of Adult Patients with Homocystinuria before and after Newborn Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamada ◽  
Kazunori Yokoyama ◽  
Kikumaro Aoki ◽  
Takeshi Taketani ◽  
Seiji Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attending Physicians

Background: Homocystinuria (HCU) is a rare inherited metabolic disease. In Japan, newborn screening (NBS) for HCU (cystathionine β-synthase deficiency) was initiated in 1977. We compared the outcomes between patients detected by NBS (NBS group) and clinically detected patients (non-NBS group). Methods: We administered questionnaires about clinical symptoms and social conditions to 16 attending physicians of 19 adult HCU patients treated with methionine-free formula. Results: Eighteen patients (nine patients each in the NBS and non-NBS groups) participated. The frequency of patients with ocular, vascular, central nervous system, and skeletal symptoms in the NBS group was lower than that in the non-NBS group. Intellectual disability was observed in one and eight patients in the NBS and non-NBS groups, respectively. Concerning their social conditions, all patients in the NBS group were employed or still attending school, while only two patients in the non-NBS group were employed. Three of the four patients who discontinued treatment presented some symptoms, even in the NBS group. Conclusion: The social and intellectual outcomes of adult Japanese patients with HCU detected by NBS were favorable. However, even in the patients in the NBS group, some symptoms might not be preventable without continuous treatment.

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