Fecundity of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chum salmon (O. keta) in the northeast Pacific Ocean

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Salmon Stock ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean

Significant regional and annual variability in fecundity of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chum salmon (O. keta) in British Columbia was detected during this investigation. A Kodiak Island (Alaska) coho salmon stock was more fecund than southern stocks in British Columbia and Washington. Fecundity ranged from 2450 to 2850 eggs per female at 53.6 cm postorbital–hypural length for Vancouver Island stocks to over 4400 eggs per female for a Kodiak Island stock at the same length. Chum stocks on Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands generally had fecundities less than 3200 eggs per female at 58.8 cm postorbital–hypural length, whereas chum of equal lengths in mainland British Columbia stocks ranged from 3200 to 3450 eggs per female. Older chum and coho were usually more fecund than younger ones, but this difference could be accounted for by differences in mean length-at-age, fecundity being related to body size.

Spatiotemporal patterns in migration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Spence ◽  
James D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Watershed Characteristics ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Kodiak Island

The timing of ocean entry by salmon smolts is presumed adaptive to maximize survival during this critical life transition. We analyzed the peak timing, duration, and interannual variation in timing of smolt migrations for 53 coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) populations from central California to Kodiak Island, Alaska. The objective was to examine potential influences of both local watershed characteristics and larger-scale processes in the marine environment on smolt migration patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in migration patterns with trends toward later, shorter, and more predictable migrations with increasing latitude. Cluster analysis performed on migration descriptors indicated three major population groupings that coincide with major coastal oceanic regions in the northeast Pacific: a northern group from Kodiak Island to the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, a central group from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to the Columbia River, and a southern group from the Columbia River southward. These regional patterns transcended local variability associated with watershed characteristics and trap location, suggesting that the patterns reflect adaptation to differences in timing and relative predictability of favorable conditions in the marine environments that smolts enter.

Influence of parental stock and incubation temperature on the early development of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in British Columbia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Murray ◽  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Parental Stock ◽  
Queen Charlotte Island ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks in British Columbia spawning from October to April were surveyed for variation in developmental characteristics at incubation temperatures from 1.5 to 15 °C. There were no trends in embryo or alevin survival rates associated with spawning time or spawning temperature. The highest embryo and alevin survival rates occurred at 4 or 5 °C and complete mortality generally occurred at 14 or 15 °C. Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Island stocks had lower survival rates at 1.5 and 2 °C than did mainland stocks. Time to 50% hatching and 50% emergence varied inversely with incubation temperature. Alevin hatching time for the Pallant Creek stock on the Queen Charlotte Islands was later than for all other stocks. Stocks had different trends in alevin and fry length and weight with respect to incubation temperature. Northern stocks tended to be more efficient than southern stocks at converting yolk to body tissue at 1.5 and 2 °C, as were mainland stocks compared with island stocks.

Straying Patterns of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Stock from Southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1843-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Labelle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Average Adult

Fourteen coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks of wild and hatchery origin were tagged from 1985 to 1988 in nine streams within a 150-km coastal section of Vancouver Island. Tag escapements to natal streams were estimated from fence counts, stream surveys, and mark–recapture operations. On average, adult (age 3+) strays accounted for ~4.7% of escapements, but for > 40% of the adult escapements in some cases. Adult straying rate, averaged across all years and stocks, was < 2%. Straying rates tended to be lower for hatchery fish and highest for stocks subjected to certain enhancement practices. Adult strays escaped to streams 2–159 km from their home stream (average 15.7 km); over 50% escaped to streams < 7 km from their stream of release. Straying rates of jacks (age 2+) in a given year and that of their adult siblings during the following year were not related. Genetic makeup, age-at-return, run timing, and exposure to nonnatal water sources during the rearing stage did influence homing. Changes in natural straying patterns should be suspected where enhancement measures include flow controls, selective breeding, and exposure of fry to various water sources. Straying levels and stray contributions should be considered when estimating survival and exploitation rates

First report of Loma sp. (Microsporida) in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad G. Magor
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Histopathologic Response

A species of Loma Morrison and Sprague, 1981 (Microsporida) was found in gills of smolt of Oncorhynchus kisutch from a hatchery on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Prevalence of cysts was 28%. Maximum intensity was 84 cysts per fish. Histopathologic response of gills to cysts was minimal and localized where observed. This is the first report of a species of Loma in wild or captive fishes in western Canadian waters. The significance of its presence here is considered in light of a recent Loma epizootic in Alaska.

Stream Temperatures and Inter-Annual Variability in the Emigration Timing of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Smolts and fry and Chum Salmon (O. Keta) Fry from Carnation Creek, British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blair Holtby ◽  
Thomas E. McMahon ◽  
J. Charles Scrivener
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Median Date ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Laboratory Models

Variability in average stream temperatures between peak spawning and fry emergence accounted for 82 and 77% of the variance in the median emigration date of fry of chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) respectively over a 9 to 10-yr period. The modeled relationships were indistinguishable from laboratory models that predicted time to maximum alevin wet weight. Variability in stream temperatures during the spring accounted for 60% of the variability in the median date of coho smolt emigration. As stream temperatures increased, the predicted thermal summations required for emigration were nearly constant for coho salmon fry, increased moderately for chum salmon fry and increased strongly for coho salmon smolts The duration of the emigration period also differed between the groups: 50% of the chum salmon fry emigrated over a 1-wk period compared with a 2- to 3-wk period for coho salmon fry and smolts. We speculate that the emigration timing —temperature relationships and timing of adult spawning represent adaptations for synchronizing emigration with "windows of opportunity" in the ocean or stream. The windows are of different widths and levels of predictability for coho and chum salmon fry and coho salmon smolts.

scholarly journals Evidence for Freshwater Residualism in Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, From a Watershed on the North Coast of British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Parkinson ◽  
Chris J Perrin ◽  
Daniel Ramos-Espinoza ◽  
Eric B Taylor
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Mature Fish

The Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, is one of seven species of Pacific salmon and trout native to northeastern Pacific Ocean watersheds. The species is typically anadromous; adults reproduce in fresh water where juveniles reside for 1–2 years before seaward migration after which the majority of growth occurs in the ocean before maturation at 2–4 years old when adults return to fresh water to spawn. Here, we report maturation of Coho Salmon in two freshwater lakes on the north coast of British Columbia apparently without their being to sea. A total of 15 mature fish (11 males and four females) were collected in two lakes across two years. The mature fish were all at least 29 cm in total length and ranged in age from three to five years old. The occurrence of Coho Salmon that have matured in fresh water without first going to sea is exceedingly rare in their natural range, especially for females. Such mature Coho Salmon may represent residual and distinct breeding populations from those in adjacent streams. Alternatively, they may result from the ephemeral restriction in the opportunity to migrate seaward owing to low water levels in the spring when Coho Salmon typically migrate to sea after 1–2 years in fresh water. Regardless of their origin, the ability to mature in fresh water without seaward migration may represent important adaptive life history plasticity in response to variable environments.

Observations On Subsurface Distributions Of Chlorophyll a And Phytoplankton Carbon In The Northeast Pacific Ocean

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Hobson ◽  
Dawn E. Ketcham
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean

Measurements of subsurface concentrations of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton carbon were made between Vancouver Island and Hawaii during summer 1971. In general, chlorophyll a concentrations increased and concentrations of phytoplankton carbon decreased from 10 m to depths varying between 100 and 150 m. These distributions indicated that cellular contents of chlorophyll a increased as cells were exposed to diminishing daily irradiations. Daily compensation irradiations for net photosynthesis of subsurface phytoplankton in the northeast Pacific Ocean were estimated in summer 1973. Values ranged between 0.5 and 0.7 cal cm−2 but variability among replicates was large giving a range of 0 and 1.2 cal cm−2. It was not possible to correlate compensation irradiations with taxonomic composition of phytoplankton populations.

RECORDS OF SOME SPECIES OF POLYCHAETA NEW TO BRITISH COLUMBIA AND OF EXTENSIONS IN DISTRIBUTION OF SOME OTHERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Geographical Locations

Twenty-five species of Polychaeta recently collected off the coast of British Columbia are discussed. Most were taken in waters of considerable depth off the west coast of Vancouver Island. Sixteen are new to British Columbia. Most of these are known from farther south on the west coast of North America, but some from much shallower depths than those from which they are now recorded; two of them are new to the northeast Pacific; one is a new subspecies. The other nine have been previously known from British Columbia, but they are now recorded from much greater depths than hitherto, or in new geographical locations.

Evidence of chemically mediated population recognition in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Graeme M. Tolson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Source Of Information

To test the hypothesis that population-specific pheromones guide adult salmonids to their natal streams, juvenile and adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were tested for chemosensory responses in two-choice tanks. Coho salmon from Quinsam and Big Qualicum rivers, British Columbia, Canada, distinguished their own population from the other. Tagging evidence indicates that straying between these two rivers and a third, geographically intermediate river seldom occurs. Thus, population-specific chemicals constitute a potential source of information for homing coho salmon, though their role vis-à-vis imprinted odors from other sources could not be evaluated.

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