Distributional patterns of chaetognaths in the Bay of Fundy

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2257-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. F. Hurley ◽  
S. Corey ◽  
T. D. Iles
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
Stream Waters ◽  
Very High

Nine species of chaetognaths were found in the Bay of Fundy: Sagitta elegans, S. tasmanica, Eukrohnia hamata, S. maxima, S. lyra, S. enflata, S. hexaptera, S. serratodentata, and Pterosagitta draco. Sagitta elegans was the dominant and only native species and maintained a centre of very high abundance in the study area. It is suggested that surface circulation carries young out of the Bay of Fundy and that the centre of abundance is maintained principally by immigration from outside the Bay and by interaction of adult specimens with the hydrographic conditions. Sagitta tasmanica was the second most abundant species and an immigrant carried into the Bay of Fundy by surface circulation. The distribution and abundance of E. hamata indicated a regular but variable inflow of slope water. The occurrence of S. maxima and S. lyra, and S. enflata, S. hexaptera, S. serratodentata, and P. draco indicated periodic inflow of oceanic boreal and (or) Gulf Stream waters.

Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Houser ◽  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Howard S. Ginsberg ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linyphia Triangularis ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Very High

The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species × size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size.

scholarly journals Fish Assemblage in the Euphrates River at Al-Samawa City, Southern Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Ammar M.S. Al-Helli ◽  
Amjad K. Resen ◽  
Atheer H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Oreochromis Aureus ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
The North ◽  
Blue Tilapia ◽  
Southern Iraq

The study was conducted in the Euphrates river in Al-Samawa city at two stations during the period from October 2016 till September 2017. The first station (north station) was Al-Majd township (45°12'49.2"E, 31°22'14.9"N), and the second station (south station) was Al-Zaier region (45°20'21.4"E, 31°18'54.4"N). Some ecological factors were monthly recorded at the stations of the current study, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, the speed of water flow, BOD5 and total hardness. All factors except total hardness have not significant differences between two stations, The hardness in the north station showed higher (844-1475) mg.l-1 than south station (655-1250) mg.l-1. Fishes were collected by gill nets, cast net, hook and line, hand net and electro-fishing. A total of 4260 fish specimens were collected which belong to 24 species and 10 families, 17 species of them were native species whereas seven of them were alien species. The most abundant species was blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus constituted 26.84% of the total caught of a north station, The value of the dominance index (D3) in north station was 62.57%, while the most abundant species in south station was Prussian carp Carassius auratus constituted 27.14% of the total caught, The value of the dominance index (D3) in the south station was 56.42%.

Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
Charleston Bump ◽  
Pelagic Fishery ◽  
Very High

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Gulf Stream off the east coasts of Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas is one of the U. S. pelagic fishery regions in which particularly high swordfish discard rates were reported after a regulation limiting the landings of swordfish less than 25 kg whole weight went into effect in 1991. Swordfish <em> Xiphias gladius </em>fishing and catch locations from mandatory longline logbooks for the years 1991 through 1995 were used to explore the distribution patterns of swordfish discard rates in this region. Every 0.1 degree square of latitude and longitude was assigned a discard rate category (very high, moderate, low, none) for each month of the year based on the percentage of the swordfish catch that was discarded in that month over the five year period. Swordfish discard rates varied with latitude and season. The greatest seasonal changes were seen off the Carolinas where discard rates increased in the fall along with changes in fishing patterns.

Interactions Between Introduced and Native Millipede Species in South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
TT Griffin ◽  
CM Bull
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Very High

The Portugese millipede Ommaroiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda:Julidae) has recently been introduced to South Australia where it has reached very high densities. In parts of the Adelaide Hills it now co-occurs with two native millipedes, Oncocladosoma clavigerum Jeekel (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae) and Dimerogonus orophilus (Attems) (Diplopoda: Cambalidae). We attempted to show whether the introduced species, which has successfully invaded the detrivore community, has affected the ecology or behaviour of the native millipede members of that community. Experiments in laboratory and field arenas showed that the three species overlap broadly in activity time and microhabitat. The two native species showed no significant difference in habitat choice or aggregating behaviour when alone or mixed with the introduced O. moreleti, and the natives commonly aggregated with the introduced species. Although D. orophilus had reduced feeding activity in the presence of O. moreleti, neither native species rejected food that had been in contact with O. moreleti. We conclude that direct interactions between the introduced invader and the native species cause few behavioural or ecological changes within the detrivorous millipede community.

FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
South Atlantic Coast ◽  
Detrital Particles ◽  
Stream Waters

ABSTRACT Radiolabeled hydrocarbons and phenols were added to water samples from the Skidaway and Cooper Rivers, two estuarine rivers on the U.S. south Atlantic coast. The adsorption of hydrocarbons to particles and microbial degradation of different petroleum components were the processes studied. Alkanes, low molecular weight aromatics (benzene, toluene, naphthalene and methylnaphthalene) and phenols were rapidly degraded to 14CO2. Low degradation rates were observed for the higher weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, and benz(a)pyrene, and from 12 to 70% of these hydrocarbons were absorbed to suspended particles in the water. Radioauto graphs of particles after the addition of 3H-benz(a)pyrene and 3H-hexadecane to the water samples indicated the hydrocarbons associated with detrital particles. This detritus was composed of a mixture of clay, organic matter, plankton remains and living microbes. One area of the Cooper River had visible oil slicks and the degradation rates of added heptadecane (20 μg/l), naphthalene (30 μg/l) and methylnaphthalene (30 μg/l) were 0.4, 2.8 and 1.1 μg/I/day, respectively. In contrast, at a downstream site, where there were no visible slicks, the degradation rate of these same hydrocarbons were 0.1, 0.7 and 0.1 μg/l/day, respectively. Estuarine water had much higher hydrocarbon degradation rates than offshore and Gulf Stream waters.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Invasion ofSpartina alternifloraUsing Very High Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery in Beihai, Guangxi (China)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huawei Wan ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Yipeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Very High

Spartina alterniflorawas introduced to Beihai, Guangxi (China), for ecological engineering purposes in 1979. However, the exceptional adaptability and reproductive ability of this species have led to its extensive dispersal into other habitats, where it has had a negative impact on native species and threatens the local mangrove and mudflat ecosystems. To obtain the distribution and spread ofSpartina alterniflora, we collected HJ-1 CCD imagery from 2009 and 2011 and very high resolution (VHR) imagery from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The invasion area ofSpartina alterniflorawas 357.2 ha in 2011, which increased by 19.07% compared with the area in 2009. A field survey was conducted for verification and the total accuracy was 94.0%. The results of this paper show that VHR imagery can provide details on distribution, progress, and early detection ofSpartina alterniflorainvasion. OBIA, object based image analysis for remote sensing (RS) detection method, can enable control measures to be more effective, accurate, and less expensive than a field survey of the invasive population.

Free-living mesostigmatic mites in Australia: their roles in biological control and bioindication

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Beaulieu ◽  
A. R. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Managed Landscapes ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

The taxonomy, biology and ecology of free-living mesostigmatic mites in Australia and their current and potential use in biological control and bioindication is reviewed. Most current research on free-living Mesostigmata in Australia focuses on species with an established role in the biocontrol of crop pests, such as members of the family Phytoseiidae. Three introduced species and at least seven native species of Phytoseiidae are presently used for the control of phytophagous mites in Australia. The introduced phytoseiids are mostly specific to spider mites and have been selected for resistance to some of the common pesticides. Native species provide the advantage of being generalist feeders and are capable of using alternative food in the absence of mite pests. Therefore they can persist more effectively in the environment and contribute to the control of several pests. The reduced and selective use of pesticides, accompanied by scouting services, has allowed the successful control of phytophagous mites by native species in several Australian tree crops, especially grapevine and citrus. In soils, Mesostigmata are extremely abundant, species-rich and play significant ecological roles. They feed on a broad range of invertebrates, including phytophagous pests that spend part or most of their lives on or in the soil or root systems. However, the majority of mesostigmatic mite species are unknown in Australia. Nevertheless, recent research indicates that many species are habitat-specific, and that they may be sensitive to agricultural practices and other land management systems. Mesostigmata have great potential for biological control of pests, and as indicators of soil quality and sustainable agricultural practices. However, the current paucity of research and information on the taxonomy, life-history and ecology of native species in natural and managed landscapes will continue to hinder their use in biological control and as bioindicators.

Distribution of benthic fauna in sediment grains and prop roots of a mangrove channel in south-eastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora De Souza Silva-Camacho ◽  
Rafaela De S. Gomes ◽  
Joaquim N.S. Santos ◽  
Francisco Gerson Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Different Types

We examined the benthic fauna in four areas along a mangrove tidal channel in south-eastern Brazil, between October 2008 and August 2009. The tested hypothesis is that the most abundant groups avoid competition as they occupy different types of substrata and that the longitudinal distance from the sea also affects the occurrence of benthic fauna along the channel. We also examined the prop root epibiont fauna to describe this different community. Polychaeta was the dominant group in the sediment whereas Isopoda and Tanaidacea were the dominant groups on the prop roots. We found a tendency for higher infauna species richness and diversity in the innermost channel area during the summer. Higher abundance of epibiont fauna was also found in summer with tidal movements allowing the colonization of the prop roots of the mangrove forest by some taxa. The polychaetes Ceratocephale sp. and Laeonereis acuta had indication of habitat partitioning, with the first occurring mainly in very fine sand sediment whereas the latter preferred medium sand sediment. The microcrustaceans Chelorchestia darwini and Tanaidacea sp. 1 occurred in high abundance colonizing the prop roots. Exosphaeroma sp. was found in high abundance in infauna and epibiont fauna. The tested hypothesis of spatial partitioning of the mangrove channel by the benthic fauna was confirmed with the most abundant species occupying the substrata with different grain fractions and prop roots in different stations.

scholarly journals Ácaros asociados a dos especies de Odontotaenius (Coleoptera: Passalidae) en México

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Liliana Barrios-Torres ◽  
Gabriel A. Villegas-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Protected Zone

<p>Mites can establish association with different arthropods as coleopterans families Scarabaeidae and Passalidae. Passalids are distributed in tropical and templates zones, and until now, more than 200 species of mites have been associated to them. One of the relationships between passalids and mites is the phoresy where one small animal (the phoretic) seeks out and attaches to another animal (the host) for transportation. Herein, we studied the mites associated to <em>O</em>. <em>zodiacus</em> and <em>O</em>. <em>striatopunctatus</em>; for this, 80 <em>Odontotaenius</em> with mites were reviewed; passalids were collected in and under decaying logs from six states of Mexico, and were individually kept in vials with 80% ethanol. The specimens were carried to the laboratory and mites removed with fine-pointed forceps under stereo microscope. The mites were stored with 80 % alcohol until some were cleared with lacto-phenol and mounted in Hoyer’s solution. We found 1 945 mites belonging to 13 families (Acaridae, Ascidae, Diarthrophallidae, Digamasellidae, Diplogyniidae, Euzerconidae, Heterocheylidae, Histiostomatidae, Klinckowstroemiidae, Laelapidae, Megisthanidae, Trematuridae, and Uropodidae) and 42 species, being the most abundant species <em>Anoetus</em> sp. For <em>O.</em> <em>striatopunctatus</em> (16 specimens) we found 562 mites (95 ♀♀, 34 ♂♂, 197 hypopus, 234 deutonymph, 2 tritonymph) of 11 families and 22 species; the most abundant were Uropodidae (42 %) and Histiostomatidae (26 %). While for <em>O.</em> <em>zodiacus</em> (64 specimens) were found 1 383 mites (300 ♀♀, 204 ♂♂, 608 hypopus, 139 deutonymphs, 133 tritonymphs) of 10 families and 30 species; the most abundant were: Diartrophallidae, Acaridae, and Histiostomatidae (23 % for the two first and 21 % for third). The high abundance and richness was in <em>O. zodiacus</em>, likewise Margalef (<strong>S´)</strong> and Shanon-Winner (<strong>H´) </strong>indexes were higher in this species (<em>O. zodiacus</em> <strong>S´</strong> = 4.05, <strong>H´ </strong>= 2.2; <em>O striatopunctatus</em> <strong>S´ </strong>= 3.34, <strong>H´ </strong>= 1.94), while Equity (E<sub>H</sub>) was similar to both hosts (<em>O. zodiacus</em> <strong>E<sub>H </sub></strong>= 0.64; <em>O. striatopunctatus </em><strong>E<sub>H </sub></strong>= 0.63). The mites were found principally in the protected zone of the passalid’s body, as under elytron, membranous wings, and in the clefts of the ventral region of the passalid, and, in minor proportion, on the head and coxal regions. From our findings, 12 species were new records for the Mexican passalids: <em>Abrotarsala cuneiformis</em>, <em>A. obesa</em>, <em>A. pyriformis</em>, <em>Brachytremella </em>sp., <em>Diarthrophallus cartwrighti</em>, <em>D. crinatus</em>, <em>Lombardiniella </em>sp., <em>Trichodiplogynium carlosi</em>, <em>T. sahlbergi</em>, <em>T. hirsutum </em>and <em>Trichodiplogynium </em>sp., and additional studies may help describe and understand these mites-passalids associations.</p>

scholarly journals Occurrence and seasonality of muscoids dipterous (Diptera, Calliphoridae) at Colégio Pedro II campus Niterói, Barreto, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lia Vieira Peclat ◽  
Teresa Mourão Cerqueira e Silva ◽  
Vitória Duarte Reguine Torres ◽  
Anderson Paulino de Araújo ◽  
Carlos Brenno Fernandes Bastos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
School Students ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Cylindrical Metal ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The City

This study was carried out by a group of high school students of Colegio Pedro II, campus Niterói, from 2015 through 2016 and was supported by the Junior Scientific Initiation Program supervised by the Dean of Graduate Studies, Research, Extension and Culture of this same institution. The purpose of the program is to familiarize students with scientific research methods and analytical tools. The research presented in this article aimed at knowing the fauna of Calliphoridae (Diptera) in Barreto, a borough in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, focusing on the quantity of predominant species found in the area. Flies were weekly captured at Colégio Pedro II campus Niterói, with the help of a cylindrical metal trap, containing sardine baits. The data collected consisted of 1308 specimens, which were properly identified using a stereoscopic microscope and properly dichotomous keys. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) was the most abundant species collected. Chrysomya species (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) usually have a strong connection to the environment modified by man. They compete with native species and they have a medical and veterinary significant role. It is important that studies continue to be carried out across the Brazilian territory so that they could help create programs to control and fight these insects.

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