Subsocial organization and behavior in broods of the obligate burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa turricola (Treat)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Mutual Tolerance ◽  
And Behavior

Prolonged mutual tolerance is described for spiderlings in broods of the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa turricola (Treat) (Lycosidae). The length of the tolerant phase is compared with that of the facultative burrower Lycosa georgicola Walckenaer. Specific behaviors are described from observations of pairs of spiderlings. The frequency of occurrence of these behaviors was studied in a series of bioassay experiments designed to test questions concerning the nature of the mechanism of communication among spiderlings, the length of the tolerance phase, and the ability to recognize siblings from nonsiblings. The results indicate that chemical communication is the principal form of communication between spiderlings. Aggressive behavior increased in pairs of spiderlings of increasing disparity of size. Geolycosa turricola spiderlings showed little kin recognition ability. The advantage of prolonged tolerance within the burrowing life strategy is discussed.

Efektifitas Teknik De-Eskalasi Untuk Mengurangi Agresifitas Pasien Skizofrenia : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1442-1451
Author(s):  
K Keswanto ◽  
Eka Budiarto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Commit Suicide

AbstractSchizophrenia is a disease that attacks the nervous system that can cause changes in attitudes and behavior. Schizophrenic patients are prone to have aggressive behavior that can cause a loss of control of a person's behavior that is directed at oneself, others, or the environment. Violent behavior in oneself can take the form of self-injury to commit suicide or allow oneself to be in the form of self-abandonment. One technique to reduce aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients is the de-escalation technique. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of de-escalation techniques to reduce aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients based on available literature evidence. The study used a literature review method. The databases used to search articles are Wiley, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Google scolar search engine. Articles are selected based on the suitability of the keywords, topics and inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined. The search results obtained as many as 5 articles, 4 articles in Indonesian and 1 in English. The critical review instrument used to assess the quality of the article is the instrument by Hawker. There are findings that de-escalation techniques are effective in reducing aggressiveness in schizophrenic patients. Efforts to reduce aggressive behavior with de-escalation techniques have a more significant effect than those without de-escalation techniques.Keywords: Aggressive behavior, risk of violent behavior, de-escalation technique, Schizophrenia. AbstrakSkizofrenia merupakan penyakit yang menyerang sistem saraf yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan sikap dan perilaku. Pasien skizofrenia rentan memiliki perilaku agresif yang dapat menyebabkan hilangnya kendali perilaku seseorang yang diarahkan pada diri sendiri, oranglain, atau lingkungan. Perilaku kekerasan pada diri sendiri dapat berbentuk melukai diri untuk bunuh diri atau membiarkan diri dalam bentuk penelantaran diri. Salah satu teknik untuk mengurangi perilaku agresif pada pasien skizofrenia adalah dengan teknik deeskalasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas teknik deeskalasi untuk mengurangi perilaku agresif pada pasien skizofrenia berdasarkan literatur evidence yang tersedia. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian artikel adalah Wiley, PubMed, Science Direct, serta mesin pencarian Google scolar. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan kata kunci, topik serta kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelusuran didapatkan sebanyak 5 artikel, 4 artikel berbahasa Indonesia dan 1 berbahasa inggris. Instrumen telaah kritis yang digunakan untuk menelaah kualitas artikel adalah instrumen oleh Hawker. Terdapat temuan bahwa teknik deeskalasi efektif dalam mengurangi agresifitas pada pasien skizofrenia. Upaya untuk menurunkan perilaku agresif dengan teknik de-esakalasi memberikan pengaruh lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diberikan teknik de-eskalasi. Kata Kunci : Perilaku agresif, Resiko perilaku kekerasan, Teknik deeskalasi, Skizofrenia.

scholarly journals Diet of Bryconops alburnoides and B. caudomaculatus (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) in the region affected by Balbina Hydroelectric Dam (Amazon drainage, Brazil)

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cylene C. da Silva ◽  
Efrem J. G. Ferreira ◽  
Cláudia P. de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
And Behavior

The study of fish diet and its interaction with the environment provides important data on ecology and behavior, as fish face varying environmental and food availability conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the diet of Bryconops caudomaculatus and Bryconops alburnoides, as well as to assess its seasonal variation, within the area influenced by Balbina Hydroelectric Dam (BHD), in the Uatumã River (Amazon Basin, Brazil). Collections were carried out every two months from April 2005 to February 2007, using gill nets with mesh sizes ranging from 12 to 60 mm between opposite knots. Two methods were used for determining diet: frequency of occurrence and relative volume, which were used to calculate the alimentary index (IAi). Diet similarity between species was analyzed by applying the Morisita index. Bryconops alburnoides ingested 12 items and B. caudomaculatus 10, with a 59% similarity between ingested items. Terrestrial insects for B. alburnoides and immature insects for B. caudomaculatus were the main items in their diets, and therefore, they were considered insectivorous. The seasonal composition of the diet of B. alburnoides was influenced by environmental factors, and in spite of the dominance of immature insects, it had a significant number of terrestrial insects during the heavy rainfall periods.

scholarly journals Aggression Type Influences Perceptions of a Woman’s Body Size, Personality, and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470492091793
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Palmer-Hague
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
And Behavior

Although women engage in both physical and nonphysical aggression, little is known about how aggression type influences perceptions of their morphology, personality, and social behavior. Evolutionary theory predicts that women avoid physical aggression due to risk of injury, which could compromise reproductive success. Engaging in physical aggression might therefore decrease women’s perceived mate value. However, physical aggression could be advantageous for some women, such as those who are larger in size and less vulnerable to injury. This presents the possibility that physically aggressive women might be perceived as larger and not necessarily lower in mate value. These hypotheses have not been tested. Across three studies, I used narratives to test the effect of aggression type (physical, verbal, indirect, nonaggressive) on perceptions of women’s height, weight, masculinity, attractiveness, and social status. In Studies 1 and 2, participants perceived a physically aggressive woman to be both larger and more masculine than nonphysically aggressive women. In Study 3, participants perceived both a physically aggressive woman and a nonaggressive woman to be larger than an indirectly aggressive woman; the effect of aggression type on perceptions of a hypothetical man’s height was not significant. I also found some evidence that aggression type influenced perceptions of attractiveness and social status, but these were small and inconsistent effects that warrant further study. Taken together, the results suggest that physical and indirect aggressive behavior may be associated with certain morphological and behavioral profiles in women.

Carbamazepine and Behavior Therapy for Aggressive Behavior

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Rapport ◽  
William A. Sonis ◽  
Martin J. Fialkov ◽  
Johnny L. Matson ◽  
Alan E. Kazdin
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
And Behavior

Analysis of volatile chemical substances in urine of the kinship and non-kinship Tupaia belangeri (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Zhu ◽  
X. Y. Ren ◽  
D. M. Hou ◽  
W. Q. Wang ◽  
Z. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Tupaia Belangeri ◽  
Main Components

Chemical communication plays an important role in reproductive and social behaviour of small mammals. The chemical constituents of urine were the main signal resources that can encode sex and social status. The purpose of the present study was to test volatile chemical substances in urine of the kinship and non-kinship Tupaia belangeri, volatile chemicals in urine were performed by the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which is speculated that volatile chemicals in urine may had key role in its kin recognition of T. belangeri. The results showed that the components of volatile chemicals in urine were similar between the kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, which the main components were Alcohols, Alkanes, Esters and Ketones, but the types of each materials were discrepant. “Formic acid, octyl ester” were absence or existence regularly, and “a-Farnesene” and “2,4-Dithiapentane” were found in kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, which may be signaling substances in the urine. All of the results suggested that volatile chemical substances in urine were different in kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, indicating that chemical communication based on signals in urine plays an important role in its kin recognition of T. belangeri.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF RELATED SPECIES OF FLYCATCHERS (MUSCICAPIDAE) FAMILY

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
A. Markova ◽  
V. Serebryakov
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Collared Flycatcher ◽  
And Behavior

The article is devoted to the observation of differences in relation between aggressive behavior of related species of Flycatchers (Muscicapidae) family and behavior acts in naturally watering places. Observations have reviled the timing separation between presence and engagement of Flycatchers in morning hours and relation with acts of aggression. Each representative of Flycatchers family is using the watering place in different ways. The correlation between intraspecific and interspecific contacts with the predominance of interspecific and highly aggressive interactions has been analyzed. The rating of successfulness of the acts of aggression has been established for every particular group of Flycatchers. It demonstrates the energetic justification of aggressive behavior for spotter, red-breasted and pied flycatchers but energetic overspend and failure for collared flycatcher.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic Variation at the Population-Species Interface and Assessment of Gigantism in a Model Wolf Spider Genus (Lycosidae, Schizocosa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Starrett ◽  
Ashley Bui ◽  
Rowan McGinley ◽  
Eileen A Hebets ◽  
Jason E Bond
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Animal body size has important evolutionary implications. The wolf spider genus Schizocosa Chamberlin, 1904 has developed as a model for studies on courtship, with visual and vibratory signals receiving attention; however, body size has never been carefully evaluated. Although species of Schizocosa can be distinguished from their close relatives by differences in genitalic structures, male ornamentation, and behavior, some species are morphologically similar, making diagnosis, and identification difficult. Evaluation of species boundaries using genetic data across Schizocosa is limited. The similar species S. maxima Dondale & Redner, 1978 and S. mccooki (Montgomery, 1904) are separated predominantly on the basis of size differences, with S. maxima being larger. We evaluate the evolution of size in these two Schizocosa species distributed in western North America, where gigantism of S. maxima is hypothesized to occur, particularly in California. We sampled subgenomic data (RADseq) and inferred the phylogeny of S. mccooki, S. maxima, and relatives. We apply a variational autoencoder machine learning approach to visualize population structuring within widespread S. mccooki and evaluate size within the context of a comparative phylogenetic framework to test the hypotheses related to genetic clustering of populations and gigantism. Our data show S. mccooki populations are not genealogically exclusive with respect to S. maxima. Likewise, S. maxima individuals are not recovered as a lineage and do not form an isolated genetic cluster, suggesting that the observed differences in size cannot be used to accurately delimit species. The cause of gigantism in S. maxima remains unexplained, but provides a framework for future studies of size variation and speciation.

scholarly journals A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of the Impact of Impoliteness and Aggressive Language in Violent Online Games on the Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Fatima Abdul Ghany Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Online Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to discover and analyse the impact of violent online games on the players’ language and behavior as well as how these expressions might harm, intimidate, and damage others’ face. It is worth mentioning that online games become the young’s playground where they interact with others and may adopt a certain type of language and behavior.  As players engage in a competitive fight of characters, they use certain communicative styles to express their feelings and emotions, including impolite expressions. Hence, this paper looked into these expressions, their responses to those expressions, and the reasons behind them. In addition, this study identified whether there is any impact in choosing these impolite expressions. Moreover, these violent gaming can provide a good field of investigation because impoliteness is widely occurring in such situations, through which people from various cultures, ages and genders come in contact to fight each other, be uncivil, and criticize and damage the other’s face. Moreover, these games may even encourage certain harmful impolite terminology and aggressive behavior to inter the players ‘repertoire and become the language of everyday use. In gathering the data, impolite expressions were collected by participating in some battles involving abusive and impolite words. Based on the results obtained, the study reached some conclusions that Culpeper’s (2005) and Spencer-Oatey’s (2002 and 2005) models are applicable in the context of violent online games. There is a big tendency that young people adopt and use various impolite expressions according to their gender and their relations for many reasons. In addition, it is widely recognized that most players have limited politeness competence and directly reply to others’ impolite language with hostility. Finally yet importantly, positive impoliteness strategies are used more than the other models, whereas quality of face was the most damaged one in Spencer-Oatey model.

Rhinencephalon and Behavior

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Schreiner ◽  
Arthur Kling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Copulatory Activity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behavior

Lesions of the rhinencephalon, primarily restricted to the amygdaloid complex, modify aggressive behavior of lynxes ( Lynx rufus), agoutis ( Dasyprocta agouti), monkeys ( Macacus rhesus) and domestic cats toward relative docility and precipitate a state of chronic hypersexuality. Relative docility was characterized by failure of the experimental animals to exhibit aggressive behavior, fear, or escape activity in the presence of threatening situations which precipitated such behavior in their preoperative periods. Hypersexuality was exhibited by marked increases in copulatory activity with males and females of their own and other animal species. It is concluded that the rhinencephalon and its diencephalic connections, in association with endocrine systems, are important regulators of emotional and sexual behavior of rodents, carnivores and primates.

Television's Impact on Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Diana M. Zuckerman ◽  
Barry S. Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Television has a major impact on children's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Research has demonstrated the association between television viewing and four areas: (1) children's aggressive behavior; (2) racial and sex-role stereotypes; (3) decreased interest in reading and school activities; and (4) poorer health habits and attitudes. Methodological limitations make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about a causal relationship between television viewing and children's behavior. Representative studies in these four areas are reviewed, important methodological concerns are pointed out, and conclusions from the research findings are drawn. The implications of the data for pediatricians and other health professionals are discussed.

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