STANDARD-FREE METHOD FOR HOOF SAMPLES TAKEN FROM DOMESTIC ANIMALS SUCH AS COW, CALF, PONY AND SHEEP

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
K. SUZUKI ◽  
K. TAGUCHI ◽  
J. ITOH ◽  
S. GOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The State ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Cow Calf

A standard-free method for hoof samples taken from cattle such as cow, calf, pony and sheep has been developed in order to estimate the state of health of these animals. The standard-free method developed for human nails was confirmed to be applicable to quantitative analysis of hoof samples since the shape of continuous X-rays is almost the same for nail and hoof taken from these ungulate animals. Accuracy and sensitivity of the present standard method were examined by comparing the results with those obtained by an internal-standard method combined with a chemical-ashing method, and it is confirmed that the method is applicable to hoof samples taken from domestic animals of many species. The method allows us to quantitatively analyze untreated hoof samples and to prepare the targets without complicated preparation technique which often brings ambiguous factors such as elemental loss from the sample and contamination of the sample during preparation procedure. It is also confirmed that halogens, which are important elements for estimating the state of health and are mostly lost during chemical-ashing, can be analyzed without problem by the present method. It is found that elemental concentration of more than twenty elements can be constantly analyzed and it is expected to be quite useful in order to estimate the state of health and to make diagnosis of domestic animals. It is also confirmed that elemental concentration of essential elements in hoof is not so changed depending on the positions in the sliced sample along both horizontal and vertical axis.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEATHER SAMPLES TAKEN FROM WILD BIRDS BASED ON A STANDARD-FREE METHOD

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
K. SUZUKI ◽  
K. TAGUCHI ◽  
K. CHIBA ◽  
M. YUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

The standard-free method developed by ourselves 13 years ago has been widely applied to quantitative analyses of hairs such as head hair taken from human and body hair taken from companion and domestic animals. In the present work, the standard-free method for feather and down samples taken from wild birds such as swan, waxwing, osprey, heron and crow is developed. It is found that the standard-free method developed for human hairs can be successfully applied to feather samples without essential modification since the main constituents of feather are almost the same as those for human and animal hairs and, consequently, the shape of continuous X-rays is also the same. Accuracy and sensitivity of the present method were examined by comparing the results with those obtained by an internal-standard method combined with a chemical-ashing method. The method allows us to quantitatively analyze untreated feather samples of very small quantities and to prepare the target without complicated preparation technique. It is expected that the method will become a powerful tool for the studies not only on the mode of life of wild birds but also on environmental contamination by toxic elements.

scholarly journals Hydration Study of Synthetic Yeelimite using LXRPD and SXRPD

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1096-C1096
Author(s):  
Ana Cuesta ◽  
Gema Alvarez Pinazo ◽  
Angeles De la Torre ◽  
Susana Sanfélix ◽  
Inmaculada Peral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Standard Method

XRPD is a powerful tool for material characterization in general, and for in-situ studies of chemical processes in particular. The use of an intense X-ray source, .i.e. synchrotron X-rays, coupled with fast X-ray detection permits time-resolved diffraction experiments allowing in-situ quantitative phase analysis during the early ages of cement hydration. Calcium sulfoaluminate, CSA, cements may have variable compositions, but all of them contain high amounts of ye'elimite, Ca4Al6O12SO4. Commercial CSA cements have special applications such as high strength developments at early-ages. Ye'elimite is very reactive and most of its hydration heat is released during the first eight hours of hydration . The aim of this work is to better understand the early age hydration of stoichiometric (orthorhombic) and doped (pseudo-cubic) ye'elimite samples. The parameters studied by SXRPD, LXRPD and calorimetry have been: polymorphism; water/ye'elimite ratio; and sulfate (gypsum and anhydrite) contents. This work has allowed establishing mechanisms and kinetics for hydration of ye'elimite samples by in-situ SXRPD with internal standard methodology. Moreover, pastes were also studied by ex-situ LXRPD with the external standard method, G-factor, at 2 and 7 days. Both strategies were able to quantify the amorphous contents, including free water. It is important to highlight that the results obtained at early ages, by the internal standard method, are in agreement with those obtained at later ages, G-method, showing the consistence and complementarity of both methodologies. The hydration of stoichiometric ye'elimite in the presence of gypsum is strongly hastened, when compared to the hydration process without gypsum. However, the presence of gypsum has a little effect in the hydration of doped ye'elimite. Moreover, anhydrite has also accelerated the hydration of stoichiometric ye'elimite, although its lower solubility has provoked the formation of an intermediate phase in the first hours.

STANDARD-FREE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR BIO-SAMPLES

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
S. FUTATSUGAWA ◽  
K. MATSUDA ◽  
Y. MIURA
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Almost All

Internal Standard Method, which has been widely used for quantitative analysis of general bio-samples, requires certain skill in sample preparation since it sometimes accompanies a noticeable error due not only to inaccuracy of weight measurement both of a sample and of an internal standard but also to nonuniformity of the internal standard in the target. In this work, a standard-free method of quantitative analysis, based on the fact that the total yield of continuous x-rays from the sample approximately corresponds to effective weight of the sample, has been developed and applied to some typical bio-samples (NIST Bovine liver, a rat liver and a human serum). As a result, values of concentration obtained by the present method present good agreement with those obtained by the internal standard method. Further, in a case where target preparation is performed by unskilled person, the present method gives better results than those obtained by the internal standard method. It is also found that this method is applicable to almost all soft-tissue samples and, moreover, to targets prepared by a different method.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNTREATED OIL SAMPLES IN IN-AIR PIXE

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
S. GOTO ◽  
C. TAKAHASHI ◽  
Y. SAITOH
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cooking Oils

The method of quantitative analysis of oil samples in in-air PIXE has been developed on the basis of a standard-free method. The components of the continuous X-rays originated from air and backing film can be exactly subtracted using a blank spectrum after normalization by the yields of Ar K -α X-rays. The method was developed using nine oil samples including standard oils and its accuracy was confirmed by comparing the results with those obtained by the internal-standard method. Validity of the method for practical oil samples was confirmed for various kinds of oils such as engine, machine and cooking oils. It was found that the method is effective for various kinds of oils whatever elements we designate as an index element.

APPLICATION OF A POWDERED-INTERNAL-STANDARD METHOD TO PLANT AND SEAWEED SAMPLES

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ITOH ◽  
S. FUTATSUGAWA ◽  
Y. SAITOH ◽  
F. OJIMA ◽  
K. SERA
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Good Agreement

A preparation method making use of liquid nitrogen combined with a powdered-internal-standard method has been established for seaweed and plant samples, whose elemental concentration has been attracting attention in various research fields. It is found that a powdered-internal-standard method developed by us is applicable to the powdered samples treated with liquid nitrogen with good accuracy and reproducibility. The results were compared with those obtained by direct-powder method and by chemical-ashing method and good agreement was obtained. In addition, it is found that the whole sample of large quantities was almost uniformized by this preparation method. Moreover, it becomes possible to obtain concentrations of all the concerned elements including iodine, chlorine and bromine, which are essential elements in the fields of life-sciences and are difficult to be analyzed by the chemical-ashing method. It is expected that the application to other biological samples is also promising.

Movement of light elements in living plants measured by means of a standard-free method in in-air PIXE

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sera ◽  
S. Goto ◽  
C. Takahashi ◽  
Y. Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Phosphorus Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Elapsed Time

The two methods, which enable us to observe changes in concentration of heavy elements in living plants and to perform quantitative analysis of all elements heavier than aluminum in in-air PIXE with two detectors, simultaneously, were successfully applied to studies on movement of light elements in plants. It was found that light elements including silicone, phosphorus and sulfur in leaves of living plants can be quantitatively analyzed. Accuracy of the method for light elements could be confirmed by comparing the results with those obtained by an internal-standard method. It was also confirmed that changes in elemental concentration with elapsed time after starting irradiation could be observed for silicone, phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine together with heavier elements at the same time. Interesting changes in elemental concentration with elapsed time were observed for phosphorus and sulfur together with heavier elements such as potassium, calcium and manganese. Moreover, quite interesting changes of concentration of some light elements were clearly observed after supplying water-soluble manure containing phosphorus acid and potassium to the plant.

APPLICATION OF A POWDERED-INTERNAL-STANDARD METHOD COMBINED WITH CORRECTION FOR SELF-ABSORPTION OF X-RAYS TO GEOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
S. FUTATSUGAWA ◽  
D. ISHIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Absorption Correction ◽  
Environmental And Biological Samples ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Availability of a powdered internal standard method developed in the previous report has been investigated in detail for geological, mineralogical, environmental and biological samples. It is found that this method is effective for various powdered samples composed of high-Z elements. A computer program for correcting self-absorption of x-rays, which is based on the method we previously reported, was developed and it has been applied to soil samples of varied thickness. As a result, it is found that the method is quite effective even for a pretty thick target where particles overlap with each other. Moreover, the method was applied to several rock samples, which were prepared by grinding and consist of particles of divergent size, and found to be applicable. Lastly, the powdered internal standard method was applied to a biological sample and found to be almost satisfactory, too. These results demonstrate the availability of the powdered internal standard method combined with the method of x-ray-absorption correction for samples in many research fields.

Determination of alcohols in mixtures by 19F NMR spectroscopy using hexefluoroacetone reagent

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1973-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Karhan ◽  
Zbyněk Ksandr ◽  
Jiřina Vlková ◽  
Věra Špatná
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Sample Preparation Procedure

The determination of alcohols by 19F NMR spectroscopy making use of their reaction with hexafluoroacetone giving rise to hemiacetals was studied on butanols. The calibration curve method and the internal standard method were used and the results were mutually compared. The effects of some experimental conditions, viz. the sample preparation procedure, concentration, spectrometer setting, and electronic integration, were investigated; the conditions, particularly the concentrations, proved to have a statistically significant effect on the results of determination. For the internal standard method, the standard deviation was 0.061 in the concentration region 0.032-0.74 mol l-1. The method was applied to a determination of alcohols in the distillation residue from an oxo synthesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document