scholarly journals WINNING STRATEGIES IN CONGESTED TRAFFIC

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1250063 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERENC JÁRAI-SZABÓ ◽  
ZOLTÁN NÉDA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
Winning Probability ◽  
Congested Traffic ◽  
Winning Strategies

One-directional traffic on two-lanes is modeled in the framework of a spring-block type model. A fraction q of the cars are allowed to change lanes, following simple dynamical rules, while the other cars keep their initial lane. The advance of cars, starting from equivalent positions and following the two driving strategies is studied and compared. As a function of the parameter q the winning probability and the average gain in the advancement for the lane-changing strategy is computed. An interesting phase-transition like behavior is revealed and conclusions are drawn regarding the conditions when the lane changing strategy is the better option for the drivers.

Monoclinic-to-orthorhombic phase transition in Cu2(AsO4)(OH) olivenite at high temperature: strain and mode decomposition analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena C. Tarantino ◽  
Michele Zema ◽  
Athos M. Callegari ◽  
Massimo Boiocchi ◽  
Michael A. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters

ABSTRACTA natural olivenite single crystal was submitted to in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction from room temperature (RT) to 500°C. Unit-cell parameters were measured at regular intervals of 25°C, and complete datasets collected at T = 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500°C. Evolution of unit-cell parameters and structure refinements indicates that olivenite undergoes a structural phase transition from P21/n to Pnnm at ~200°C, and eventually becomes isostructural with the other members of the olivenite-mineral group. Volume expansion with temperature is larger in the monoclinic phase – where it follows a non-linear trend – than in the orthorhombic one. Axial and volume expansion coefficients of the orthorhombic olivenite phase are positive and linear and similar to those of the other Cu-bearing member of the mineral family, namely libethenite, but rather different from those of the Zn-analogue arsenate adamite.Distortion of Cu polyhedra is quite high in the olivenite monoclinic phase at RT and goes towards a relative regularization with increasing T until the phase transition occurs. In the orthorhombic phase, no significant variation of the polyhedral distortion parameters is observed with increasing temperature, and maximum expansion is along the b direction and governed by corner-sharing. Landau potential provides a good representation of the macroscopic changes associated with the phase transition, coupling between the strains and the order parameter is responsible for the nearly tricritical character of the transition.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Nature of Redox-Active Moieties on the Properties of Redox-Active Ionic Liquids and on Their Use as Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6344
Author(s):  
Philipp S. Borchers ◽  
Patrick Gerlach ◽  
Yihan Liu ◽  
Martin D. Hager ◽  
Andrea Balducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Redox Active

In this work, two new redox-active ionic liquids, one based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide and the other based on 4,4′-bipyridine, are synthesized and characterized. A ferrocene-based redox-active ionic liquid is used for referencing the results. All ionic liquids are formed via salt-metathesis from halogenate to bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Their fundamental thermal characteristics are assessed with differential scanning calorimetry. While the imidazolium ionic liquids show no melting point, the phase transition is well observable for the viologen-based ionic liquid. The properties of the neat redox-active ionic liquids and of binary mixtures containing these ionic liquids (0.1 m) and 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide have been investigated. Finally, the use of these binary mixtures in combination with activated carbon-based electrodes has been considered in view of the use of these redox-active electrolytes in supercapacitors.

Predictability-dependent encoding of statistical regularities in the early visual cortex

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kóbor ◽  
Karolina Janacsek ◽  
Petra Hermann ◽  
Zsofia Zavecz ◽  
Vera Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Subsequent Task

Previous research recognized that humans could extract statistical regularities of the environment to automatically predict upcoming events. However, it has remained unexplored how the brain encodes the distribution of statistical regularities if it continuously changes. To investigate this question, we devised an fMRI paradigm where participants (N = 32) completed a visual four-choice reaction time (RT) task consisting of statistical regularities. Two types of blocks involving the same perceptual elements alternated with one another throughout the task: While the distribution of statistical regularities was predictable in one block type, it was unpredictable in the other. Participants were unaware of the presence of statistical regularities and of their changing distribution across the subsequent task blocks. Based on the RT results, although statistical regularities were processed similarly in both the predictable and unpredictable blocks, participants acquired less statistical knowledge in the unpredictable as compared with the predictable blocks. Whole-brain random-effects analyses showed increased activity in the early visual cortex and decreased activity in the precuneus for the predictable as compared with the unpredictable blocks. Therefore, the actual predictability of statistical regularities is likely to be represented already at the early stages of visual cortical processing. However, decreased precuneus activity suggests that these representations are imperfectly updated to track the multiple shifts in predictability throughout the task. The results also highlight that the processing of statistical regularities in a changing environment could be habitual.

Political Economy Inside the Strategy of Line Game

2022 ◽  
pp. 832-845
Author(s):  
Annesha Biswas ◽  
Tinanjali Dam ◽  
Joseph Varghese Kureethara ◽  
Sankar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Pareto Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Person Game

In today's world, the concept of the game and game theory is turned into new methods of knowing and understanding some of the human behaviours followed by society. In the 21st century, behavioural economics plays a major role in understanding the concept of the `line' game and hence the strategies followed by it. It is a country game played in many parts of India. It is a two-person game with very simple rules and moves. It can be played indoors. Students play the game during the break-outs. The game keenly and minutely determines the objectivity of the game and the behaviour of the players involved inside the game and the way one starts moving helps the other players to understand what one is trying to portray through the game whether it is winning or losing. The strategies involved can be put forth and looked upon from different perspectives. Referring to one such perspective, it can be looked at from a concept of Pareto efficiency, a microeconomic concept. It helps develop logical skills and learn winning strategies.

Amorphous iron oxide prepared by microwave heating

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2176-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Palchik ◽  
Israel Felner ◽  
Gina Kataby ◽  
Aharon Gedanken
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Pentacarbonyl ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Amorphous Iron ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Crystalline Phase Transition

Amorphous iron oxide (Fe2O3) was prepared by the pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)5] in a modified domestic microwave oven in refluxing chlorobenzene as a solvent under air. The reaction time was 20 min. Partially separated particles of iron oxide, 2–3 nm in diameter, were obtained. The other part showed aggregated spheres with a diameter of 25–40 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed an amorphous/crystalline phase transition at about 250 °C.

PHASE TRANSITION IN A TOY MARKET

2000 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIEN CHALLET ◽  
MATTEO MARSILI ◽  
RICCARDO ZECCHINA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Stationary State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minority Game ◽  
Learning Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Exactly Solvable ◽  
Available Information

We review recent exact analytical results on Minority Game — a binary exactly solvable El Farol's bar problem. Inductive agents minimize the available information, not their losses, thus the stationary state differs from a Nash equilibrium. On the other hand, the same learning dynamics leads to a Nash equilibrium when agents take into account their impact on the market.

Synchronization and phase transition in the Frenkel–Kontorova-type model system

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 065602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Rong Zhang ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wen-Shan Duan ◽  
Jian-Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Model System ◽  
Type Model

FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS, WHEN AND FROM WHERE DO THEY EMERGE? —THE CASE OF GELS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 737-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN SEKIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Fact ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
The One ◽  
First Order Phase

We briefly review the recent theoretical understanding of the first order phase transition undergone by gels with an emphasis on physical concepts, deliberately excluding details of modeling and analytic methods. The density of a gel changes discontinuously at the transition point. A variety of features of the transition result from the basic fact that the inhomogeneity of the density of the gel inevitably causes shear deformation. This deformation, on the one hand, reflects the geometry of the sample and, on the other hand, may alter the transition temperature.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLAVOR SYMMETRY, RADIATIVE SEESAW MODEL AND COLD DARK MATTER

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 1541-1556
Author(s):  
HIROSHI OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Vacuum Expectation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Flavor Symmetry ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Neutrino Sector ◽  
Seesaw Model ◽  
The Masses

It is now clear that the masses of the neutrino sector are much lighter than those of the other three sectors. Canonial seesaw model would be the most famous for the above explanation. But one must introduce heavy particles that will not be able to observed with present scientific technologies. On the other hand, there are many attempts to explain the neutrino masses radiatively by means of inert Higgses, which do not have the vacuum expectation values. Then one can discuss cold dark matter candidates, because of no needing so heavy particles. The most famous work would be the Zee model17. Recently a new type model (hep-ph/0601225)4 along this line of thought was proposed by E. Ma. We adopted this idea, and then we introduced a new flavor symmetry to constrain the Yukawa sector. So our model might be more predictive, and can be investigated at LHC. I will present how we can obserb the particular signal at LHC, and what we can predict about the neutrino sector.

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