Chemo-Preventive Potential of Falcarindiol-Enriched Fraction from Oplopanax elatus on Colorectal Cancer Interfered by Human Gut Microbiota

Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai is an oriental herb, the polyyne-enriched fraction of which (PEFO) showed anticolorectal cancer (anti-CRC) effects. Other concomitant components, which are inevitably bio-transformed by gut microbiota after oral administration, might be interfere with the pharmacodynamics of polyynes. However, the influence of human gut microbiota on molecules from O. elatus possessing anticancer activity are yet unknown. In this study, the compounds in PEFO and PEFO incubated with human gut microbiota were analyzed and tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. Two main polyynes ((3[Formula: see text]8[Formula: see text]-falcarindiol and oplopandiol) were not significantly decomposed, but some new unknown molecules were discovered during incubation. However, the antiproliferative effects of PEFO incubated with human gut microbiota for 72 h (PEFO I) were much lower than that of PEFO on HCT-116, SW-480, and HT-29 cells. Furthermore, PEFO possessed better anti-CRC activity in vivo, and significantly induced apoptosis of the CRC cells, which was associated with activation of caspase-3 according to the Western-blot results ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest anticolorectal cancer activity of polyynes might be antagonized by some bio-converted metabolites after incubation with human gut microbiota. Therefore, it might be better for CRC prevention if the polyynes could be orally administrated as purified compounds.

Download Full-text

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.112.049379 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 295-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

Lisa M Bode ◽

Diana Bunzel ◽

Melanie Huch ◽

Gyu-Sung Cho ◽

Denise Ruhland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Metabolism ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Download Full-text

Positive Synergistic Effects of Quercetin and Rice Bran on Human Gut Microbiota Reduces Enterobacteriaceae Family Abundance and Elevates Propionate in a Bioreactor Model

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.751225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sudeep Ghimire ◽

Supapit Wongkuna ◽

Ranjini Sankaranarayanan ◽

Elizabeth P. Ryan ◽

G. Jayarama Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Human Gut ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Dietary fiber and flavonoids have substantial influence on the human gut microbiota composition that significantly impact health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as quercetin and rice bran have shown beneficial impacts on the host alongside a positive influence of the gut microbiota. The specific bacterial species impacted by quercetin or rice bran in the diet is not well understood. In this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level, Acidaminococcus intestini was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation increased isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that the combination of quercetin and rice bran serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens. In vivo studies are necessary to determine how this synergy of quercetin and rice bran on microbiota impact host health.

Download Full-text

Genetic determinants of in vivo fitness and diet responsiveness in multiple human gut Bacteroides

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aac5992 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 350 (6256) ◽

pp. aac5992 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Meng Wu ◽

Nathan P. McNulty ◽

Dmitry A. Rodionov ◽

Matvei S. Khoroshkin ◽

Nicholas W. Griffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Level ◽

Transposon Mutants ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice ◽

Stability And Resilience

Libraries of tens of thousands of transposon mutants generated from each of four human gut Bacteroides strains, two representing the same species, were introduced simultaneously into gnotobiotic mice together with 11 other wild-type strains to generate a 15-member artificial human gut microbiota. Mice received one of two distinct diets monotonously, or both in different ordered sequences. Quantifying the abundance of mutants in different diet contexts allowed gene-level characterization of fitness determinants, niche, stability, and resilience and yielded a prebiotic (arabinoxylan) that allowed targeted manipulation of the community. The approach described is generalizable and should be useful for defining mechanisms critical for sustaining and/or approaches for deliberately reconfiguring the highly adaptive and durable relationship between the human gut microbiota and host in ways that promote wellness.

Download Full-text

Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota

10.1101/2020.01.17.910638 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas Gurry ◽

Le Thanh Tu Nguyen ◽

Xiaoqian Yu ◽

Eric J Alm

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Human Gut ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Rrna Sequencing

AbstractThe human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized dietary fiber supplementation based on an individual’s MMP is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diseases associated with SCFA production.

Download Full-text

Impact of tart cherries polyphenols on the human gut microbiota and phenolic metabolites in vitro and in vivo

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 160-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Alba C. Mayta-Apaza ◽

Ellen Pottgen ◽

Jana De Bodt ◽

Nora Papp ◽

Daya Marasini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Gut ◽

Phenolic Metabolites ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Tart Cherries

Download Full-text

Imaging the in vivo growth patterns of bacteria in human gut Microbiota

Gut Microbes ◽

10.1080/19490976.2021.1960134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1960134

Author(s):

Liyuan Lin ◽

Jia Song ◽

Jian Li ◽

Xiaolei Zuo ◽

Hong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vivo Growth

Download Full-text

Biomarkers and Utility of the Antioxidant Potential of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as Representatives of the Human Gut Microbiota

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9101340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1340

Author(s):

Olga V. Averina ◽

Elena U. Poluektova ◽

Mariya V. Marsova ◽

Valery N. Danilenko

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Diagnostic Systems ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are an important part of human gut microbiota. Among numerous benefits, their antioxidant properties are attracting more and more attention. Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, along with their cellular components, possess excellent antioxidant capacity, which provides a certain degree of protection to the human body against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Recently, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have begun to be considered as a new source of natural antioxidants. This review summarizes the current state of research on various antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of antioxidant activity of these bacteria in the human gut microbiota, which involve bacterial cell components and metabolites. This review is also dedicated to the genes involved in the antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains as indicators of their antioxidant potential in human gut microbiota. Identification of the antioxidant biomarkers of the gut microbiota is of great importance both for creating diagnostic systems for assessing oxidative stress and for choosing strategies aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the microbiota and, through it, restoring human health. In this review, the practical application of probiotic strains with proven antioxidant properties to prevent oxidative stress is also considered.

Download Full-text

Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254004

Author(s):

Thomas Gurry ◽

Le Thanh Tu Nguyen ◽

Xiaoqian Yu ◽

Eric J. Alm

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Human Gut ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Quantitative Understanding

The human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Though in vivo studies are required to confirm these data in the context of the gut, in addition to in vivo read outs of SCFAs produced in response to specific fiber spike-ins, these data suggest that optimizing SCFA production in a given individual through targeted fiber supplementation requires quantitative understanding of their MMP.

Download Full-text