scholarly journals SINGLE MARKET NON-COMPLIANCE: HOW RELEVANT IS THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING?

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (05) ◽  
pp. 1115-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATÁLIA BARBOSA ◽  
MARIA HELENA GUIMARÃES ◽  
ANA PAULA FARIA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Using Data

This paper investigates the role of the national institutional setting in explaining Single Market non-compliance regarding non-tariff barriers in intra-European Union (EU) trade. Using data on infringements to Single Market law we show that the quality of domestic institutional characteristics is relevant to explain non-compliance among EU countries. While government independence from political pressures and higher levels of representativeness and accountability reduce the propensity of member states to infringe upon Single Market laws, better regulatory quality increases the probability of non-compliance at industry level, suggesting that increases in competition may generate protectionist measures that violate Single Market law.

scholarly journals Does the Quality of Institutions Matter for Financial Inclusion? Cross Country Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Peter W. Muriu
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cross Country

Despite evidence on the importance of financial inclusion, little is known about the role of institutions in fostering inclusion partly because of data availability. Using annual data corresponding to 120 countries for the period 2004-2019, this study investigates country institutional characteristics associated with the ownership of deposit accounts. A standard regression model is estimated using fixed effects panel data techniques along with financial inclusion proxy and three measures of institutional quality. This paper provides the first empirical justification that financial inclusion is non-negligibly driven by the institutional context. Specifically, rule of law and quality of regulations are crucial in enhancing financial inclusiveness, more so in Africa where they have a stronger effect relative to other regions. Banks and depositors in Africa may be operating in an environment characterized by weak legal systems and excessive or challenging regulations. The evidence presented in this paper may therefore help with the sequencing of institutional reforms that could promote financial inclusion.

scholarly journals Cross-Border M&A Motives and Home Country Institutions: Role of Regulatory Quality and Dynamics in the Asia-Pacific Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Peter Zámborský ◽  
Zheng Joseph Yan ◽  
Erwann Sbaï ◽  
Matthew Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between home country institutions and cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) motives of MNEs from the Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on the role of regulatory quality and dynamics. We empirically examine how M&A motives are affected by elements related to risk of the institutional environment of the acquiring firm’s home country regulatory quality over time. The study is grounded in the general theory of springboard MNEs, and the institutional views of cross-border operations, namely the institutional escapism and institutional fostering perspectives. Using data on over 700 cross-border M&As of European firms by Asia-Pacific MNEs in 2007–2017, we analyze the rationales for these deals and their relationship to the institutional characteristics of the buyers’ home countries including regulatory quality and voice and accountability. We found that the quality of home country regulatory environment is significantly related to domestic firms’ motivation for international M&As. However, the significance and sign of the effects differ for different types of motives and over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on general versus emerging MNE-specific internationalization theories (particularly the theory of springboard MNEs) by expounding on the types and dynamics of cross-border M&A motives.

scholarly journals Division of Housework, Communication, and Couples’ Relationship Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312092480
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Amanda J. Miller ◽  
Stephanie Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Communication Quality ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Using Data

The gendered division of housework is an important predictor of relationship satisfaction, but the mechanisms linking these variables remain poorly understood. Using data on N = 487 couples from the 2006 Marital and Relationship Survey, the authors examine the association of heterosexual partners’ communication quality with the division of housework and the role of partners’ communication quality in the association between the division of housework and relationship satisfaction. Results from instrumental variable models and Actor-Partner Interdependence Models indicate that the quality of women’s communication with their male partners predicts how couples divide housework. The quality of men’s communication with their female partners, however, appears to be an outcome of domestic arrangements. Men’s communication quality mediates the association between the division of housework and women’ relationship satisfaction, while women’s communication quality confounds the association for men.

scholarly journals International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Malkowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Malkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Polish Foreign

The structure of international trade in today’s global economy is undergoing transformation. The increase in the importance of services is a clear trend. In Polish foreign trade with the European Union countries, it is transport services that to the greatest extent create the trade surplus. These services significantly affect the environment, which makes it necessary to take measures aimed at the implementation of the green transport principles. The aim of the study was to provide a detailed description of transport services in Polish foreign trade with European Union (EU) countries and to assess the role of these services in Polish economy, including in terms of sustainable development. The study concerned transport services, consisting of four separate types: maritime transport, air transport, other transport services (except maritime and air) and postal and courier services. The time span of the study was 2010–2018. The latest secondary data from the official statistics of the National Bank of Poland and the Central Statistical Office were used for the purpose of the analysis. The research methods included: critical analysis of the source literature, analysis of secondary data (desk-research) and graphic methods (tables and diagrams), by means of which the results of the study were presented. The conclusions drawn are inductive and deductive in nature. The article describes in detail Polish trade in transport services with EU countries. It focuses on export, import and balance. The role of the examined services in foreign trade and Polish economy was assessed based on the analysis of the structure of export and import and the rate of export and import, geographical orientation of trade, as well as the activity of enterprises from the transport service sector, registered in Poland, including joint ventures. Research has shown that between 2010 and 2018 Polish export and import of transport services as part of trade relations with EU countries increased considerably. The conducted research indicates that transport services are a crucial element of Polish trade. The role of EU countries in the Polish trade in transport services was recognised as significant and growing. This has a positive impact on the country’s economy. The increasing role of road transport in the structure of the Polish trade indicates that Polish entities providing transport services are thriving in this demanding market. However, the analysis of the source literature indicated changes in the preferences of consumers, who increasingly often expect the implementation of sustainable development principles in the distribution of goods. Green marketing or green transport are concepts more and more frequently used to gain competitive advantage in the market. The transport sector in Poland is facing a major trend towards the implementation of sustainable development principles. In order to maintain sales growth internationally, the entities will have to implement sustainable development principles.

scholarly journals Guidelines on constructing funnel plots for quality indicators: A case study on mortality in intensive care unit patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona WM Verburg ◽  
Rebecca Holman ◽  
Niels Peek ◽  
Ameen Abu-Hanna ◽  
Nicolette F de Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Care Evaluation

Funnel plots are graphical tools to assess and compare clinical performance of a group of care professionals or care institutions on a quality indicator against a benchmark. Incorrect construction of funnel plots may lead to erroneous assessment and incorrect decisions potentially with severe consequences. We provide workflow-based guidance for data analysts on constructing funnel plots for the evaluation of binary quality indicators, expressed as proportions, risk-adjusted rates or standardised rates. Our guidelines assume the following steps: (1) defining policy level input; (2) checking the quality of models used for case-mix correction; (3) examining whether the number of observations per hospital is sufficient; (4) testing for overdispersion of the values of the quality indicator; (5) testing whether the values of quality indicators are associated with institutional characteristics; and (6) specifying how the funnel plot should be constructed. We illustrate our guidelines using data from the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation registry. We expect that our guidelines will be useful to data analysts preparing funnel plots and to registries, or other organisations publishing quality indicators. This is particularly true if these people and organisations wish to use standard operating procedures when constructing funnel plots, perhaps to comply with the demands of certification.

scholarly journals Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting Versus Married Couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1730-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brown ◽  
Wendy D. Manning ◽  
Krista K. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Union Type ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the nationally representative 2010 Married and Cohabiting Couples Survey of different-sex cohabiting and married couples, we compared the relationship quality of today’s cohabitors and marrieds. Consistent with diffusion theory and recent conceptual work on the deinstitutionalization of marriage, we found that the relationship between union type and relationship quality is now bifurcated with direct marrieds reporting the highest relationship quality and cohabitors without marriage plans reporting the lowest marital quality. In the middle were the two largest groups: marrieds who premaritally cohabited and cohabitors with plans to marry. These two groups did not differ in terms of relationship quality. This study adds to the growing literature indicating that the role of cohabitation in the family life course is changing in the contemporary context.

scholarly journals Financialisation of pensions in semi-peripheral Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Rodrigues ◽  
Ana C Santos ◽  
Nuno Teles
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Eu Countries

This article aims at contributing to the literature on the financialisation of pensions in Europe by examining the transformations occurring in semi-peripheral Portugal. The Portuguese case accounts for the variegated nature of financialisation in general, and of pension provision in particular, throughout Europe. While the country followed similar processes to those of core European Union (EU) countries, leading to an increasingly integrated financial sector in the international arena, this integration was mainly led by the banking sector rather than by capital markets. This helps account for the relatively reduced role of private retirement income products in the country. Nonetheless, the Portuguese pension system has been equally subject to reform, aiming at reducing its weight in public expenditure. The result is a contraction in coverage and benefit without achieving an equivalent match in supplementary private forms of pension provision. Under a prolonged period of stagnation and crisis, the deterioration of State pensions for the majority continues while a residual private, outward-oriented and foreign-owned pension sector grows for the most affluent, further exposing the systemic and variegated nature of financialisation processes in the semi-periphery.

scholarly journals Nagari Berprestasi : Strategi Kepemimpinan Wali Nagari dan Peran Masyarakat di Nagari Pandai Sikek

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Putria Anjela
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Using Data

This article aims to describe the leadership strategies of village guardian at PandaiSikek village and society’s participation in achieving village achievement at national level in 2014. The approach from this research is descriptive with qualitative research type. Data collection was done through interview and documentation in the form of interview guides, cell phones, and notebooks. The informants of this research were village guardian, staffs of village guardian, jorong guardian, customary figures, chairman of KAN, chairman of Bamus, chairman of LPM, BundoKanduang, chairman of youth and society at PandaiSikek village. Next, the triangulation data sources is the valid testing technique of data and the last data analysis techniques which are used by using data collection, data reduction, presentation of data, and withdrawal of conclusions. The results of research indicate that the strategies which are used by village guardian of PandaiSikek village for the first is cooperating with the set and high institutions of village in making decisions by ways of deliberation and consensus; second, involving society in every activity by spreading the invitation formally; third, motivating society to improve the quality of human resources by conducting useful training; and fourth, improving communication among jorong society by creating events which can improve communication in society.Meanwhile,the society’s roles of PandaiSikek village in reaching village achievement are : first, participating in the development process by cooperating and working together; second, following village’s activities by attending known activities through formal invitation; third, taking part in the training which was held by becoming part of the training and fourth, establishing good communication among the society by following the events held by village. Keywords: Leadership Strategies, Role of Society, Village Achievement. Nagari Berprestasi : Strategi Kepemimpinan Wali Nagari dan Peran Masyarakat di Nagari Pandai Sikek PUTRIA ANJELA[1] Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan FIS Universitas Negeri Padang Email: [email protected] Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi kepemimpinan Wali Nagari Nagari Pandai Sikek dan peran serta masyarakat dalam meraih nagari berprestasi di tingkat nasional tahun 2014.Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan dokumentasi melalui alat pengumpulan data berupa pedoman wawancara, handphone serta buku catatan. Kemudian Informan penelitiannya adalah Wali Nagari, Staf-Staf Wali Nagari, Wali Jorong, Tokoh Adat, Ketua KAN, Ketua Bamus, Ketua LPM, Bundo Kanduang, Ketua Pemuda dan Masyarakat Nagari Pandai Sikek. Selanjutnya teknik pengujian keabsahan data dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber data dan yang terakhir teknik analisis data dengan cara pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi-strategi yang digunakan oleh Wali Nagari Pandai Sikek yaitu pertama, bekerjasama dengan perangkat dan lembaga tinggi nagari dalam mengambil keputusan dengan cara musyawarah dan mufakat; kedua, melibatkan masyarakat dalam setiap kegiatan nagari dengan cara menyebarkan undangan secara resmi; ketiga, memotivasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM dengan cara mengadakan pelatihan-pelatihan yang bermanfaat; dankeempat, meningkatkan komunikasi antar masyarakat jorong dengan cara membuat acara yang dapat meningkatkan komunikasi masyarakat. Adapun peran serta masyarakat Nagari Pandai Sikek dalam meraih nagari berprestasi adalah: pertama, berpartisipasi dalam proses pembangunan dengan cara bekerjasama dan bergotong royong; kedua, mengikuti kegiatan-kegiatan Nagari dengan cara menghadiri kegiatan yang sudah diketahui melalui undangan resmi; ketiga,mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan yang diadakan dengan cara menjadi bagian dari pelatihan tersebut dan keempat, menjalin komunikasi yang baik sesame masyarakat dengan cara mengikuti acara-acara yang diadakan oleh nagari. Kata Kunci :StrategiKepemimpinan, PeranMasyarakat, NagariBerprestasi [1]ArtikeliniditulisdariskripsipenulisdenganjudulStrategi Kepemimpinan Wali Nagari Pandai Sikek dan Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Meraih Nagari Berprestasi Tingkat Nasional dengan pembimbing I Dr. Fatmariza, M. Hum pembimbing II Dra. Al Rafni, M. Si

scholarly journals Is Digital Government Advancing Sustainable Governance? A Study of OECD/EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13603
Author(s):  
Jaromir Durkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Weak Link ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relevant Outcome

International bodies and numerous authors advocate a key role for Digital Government (DG) in improving public governance and achieving other policy outcomes. Today, a particularly relevant outcome is advancing Sustainable Governance (SG), i.e., the capacity to steer and coordinate public action towards sustainable development. This article performs an empirical study of the relationship between DG and SG using data about 41 OECD/EU countries from the United Nations’ E-Government Survey and the Bertelsmann’s Sustainable Governance Indicators project, covering the period from 2014 to 2020. We examine if DG progress pairs with SG progress, apply a DEA model to find out which countries are efficient in using DG for better SG, and uncover cases of imbalance where high DG pairs with poor SG and vice versa. The results show that the efficiency in using DG for SG strongly varies, and that some DG leaders persistently fail to advance or even regress their SG. These findings refute the claims about the benign role of DG and points at democracy as the “weak link” in the analyzed relation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document