scholarly journals ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS: ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 1467-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODOR STANEV
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Universe

We introduce the highest energy cosmic rays and briefly review the powerful astrophysical objects where they could be accelerated. We then introduce the interactions of different cosmic ray particles with the photon fields of the Universe and the formation of the cosmic ray spectra observed at Earth. The last topic is the production of secondary gamma rays and neutrinos in the interactions of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.

scholarly journals The GRAND project and GRANDProto300 experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Olivier Martineau-Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Complete Measurement ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy ◽  
The Universe

The Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a proposal for a giant observatory of ultra-high energy cosmic particles (neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma rays). It will be composed of twenty subarrays of 10 000 antennas each, totaling a detection area of 200 000 km2. GRAND will reach unprecedented sensitivity to neutrinos allowing to detect cosmogenic neutrinos while its sub-degree angular resolution will also make it possible to hunt for point sources and possibly start neutrino astronomy. Combined with its gigantic exposure to ultra-high energy cosmic rays and gamma rays, GRAND will be a powerful tool to solve the century-long mistery of the nature and origin of the particles with highest energy in the Universe. On the path to GRAND, the GRANDProto300 experiment will be deployed in 2020 over a total area of 200 km2. It primarly aims at validating the detection concept of GRAND, but also proposes a rich science program centered on a precise and complete measurement of the air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies between 1016.5 and 1018 eV, a range where we expect to observe the transition between the Galactic and extra-galactic origin of cosmic rays.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Origin, Composition and Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Roberto Aloisio
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Secondary Particles

The physics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays will be reviewed, discussing the latest experimental results and theoretical models aiming at explaining the observations in terms of spectra, mass composition and possible sources. It will be also discussed the emission of secondary particles such as neutrinos and gamma rays produced by the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays with astrophysical photon backgrounds. The content of the present proceeding paper is mainly based on the review papers [1, 2].

scholarly journals COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE IN BRANE MODELS OR DON'T ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS PROBE 1015eV SCALE?

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 419-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOURI ZIAEEPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Color Glass ◽  
Color Glass Condensate ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Brane Models

In a previous work1 we have studied the propagation of relativistic particles in the bulk for some of the most popular brane models. Constraints have been put on the parameter space of these models by calculating the time delay due to propagation in the bulk of particles created during the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with protons in the terrestrial atmosphere. The question was, however, raised that probability of hard processes in which bulk modes can be produced is small and consequently, the tiny flux of UHECRs cannot constrain brane models. Here we use Color Glass Condensate (CGC) model to show that effects of extra dimensions are visible not only in hard processes when the incoming photon/parton hits a massive Kaluza–Klein mode but also through the modification of soft/semi-hard parton distribution. At classical level, for an observer in the CM frame of UHECR and atmospheric hadrons, color charge sources are contracted to a thin sheet with a width inversely proportional to the energy of the ultra energetic cosmic ray hadron and consequently they can see an extra dimension with comparable size. Due to QCD interaction, a short life swarm of partons is produced in front of the sheet and its partons can penetrate to the extra-dimension bulk. This reduces the effective density of partons on the brane or in a classical view creates a delay in the arrival of the most energetic particles if they are reflected back due to the warping of the bulk. In CGC approximation the density of swarm at different distances from the classical sheet can be related and therefore it is possible (at least formally) to determine the relative fraction of partons in the bulk and on the brane at different scales. Results of this work are also relevant to the test of brane models in hadron colliders like LHC.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

scholarly journals CHASING THE GZK WITH HiRes

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS R. BERGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cosmological Evolution ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Luminous Matter ◽  
The Universe

The HiRes collaboration has recently announced preliminary measurements of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), as seen in monocular analyses from each of the two HiRes sites. This spectrum is consistent with the existence of the GZK cutoff, as well other aspects of the energy loss processes that cause the GZK cutoff. Based on the analytic energy loss formalism of Berezinsky et al., the HiRes spectra favor a distribution of extragalactic sources that has a similar distribution to that of luminous matter in the universe, both in its local over-density and in its cosmological evolution.

scholarly journals The Pierre Auger Observatory: Studying the Highest Energy Frontier

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
I. Valiño
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Frontier ◽  
The Universe

We highlight the main results obtained by the Pierre Auger Collaboration in its quest to unveil the mysteries associated with the nature and origin of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays, the highest-energy particles in the Universe. The observatory has steadily produced high-quality data for more than 15 years, which have already led to a number of major breakthroughs in the field contributing to the advance of our understanding of these extremely energetic particles. The interpretation of our measurements so far opens new questions which will be addressed by the on-going upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

scholarly journals Interpreting correlated observations of cosmic rays and gamma-rays from Centaurus A with a proton blazar inspired model

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094
Author(s):  
Prabir Banik ◽  
Arunava Bhadra ◽  
Abhijit Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Centaurus A

ABSTRACT The nearest active radio galaxy Centaurus (Cen) A is a gamma-ray emitter in GeV–TeV energy scale. The high energy stereoscopic system (HESS) and non-simultaneous Fermi–Large Area Telescope observation indicate an unusual spectral hardening above few GeV energies in the gamma-ray spectrum of Cen A. Very recently the HESS observatory resolved the kilo parsec (kpc)-scale jets in Centaurus A at TeV energies. On the other hand, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) detects a few ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) events from Cen-A. The proton blazar inspired model, which considers acceleration of both electrons and hadronic cosmic rays in active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet, can explain the observed coincident high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays from Ice-cube detected AGN jets. Here, we have employed the proton blazar inspired model to explain the observed GeV–TeV gamma-ray spectrum features including the spectrum hardening at GeV energies along with the PAO observation on cosmic rays from Cen-A. Our findings suggest that the model can explain consistently the observed electromagnetic spectrum in combination with the appropriate number of UHECRs from Cen A.

scholarly journals Origins of Extragalactic Cosmic Ray Nuclei by Contracting Alignment Patterns induced in the Galactic Magnetic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Martin Erdmann ◽  
Lukas Geiger ◽  
David Schmidt ◽  
Martin Urban ◽  
Marcus Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Astrophysical Scenario ◽  
The Individual

We present a novel approach to search for origins of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In a simultaneous fit to all observed cosmic rays we use the galactic magnetic field as a mass spectrometer and adapt the nuclear charges such that their extragalactic arrival directions are concentrated in as few directions as possible. During the fit the nuclear charges are constraint by the individual energy and shower depth measurements. We show in a simulated astrophysical scenario that source directions can be reconstructed even within a substantial isotropic background.

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