Wakefield acceleration towards ZeV from a black hole emanating astrophysical jets

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 1943018
Author(s):  
T. Ebisuzaki ◽  
T. Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rotational Instability ◽  
Astrophysical Jets ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Acceleration Mechanism ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Pondermotive Force

We consider that electromagnetic pulses produced in the jets of this innermost part of the accretion disk accelerate charged particles (protons, ions, electrons) to very high energies via wakefield acceleration, including energies above 10[Formula: see text] eV for the case of protons and nucleus and 10[Formula: see text] eV for electrons by electromagnetic wave-particle interaction. Thereby, the wakefield acceleration mechanism supplements the pervasive Fermi’s stochastic acceleration mechanism (and overcomes its difficulties in the highest energy cosmic ray generation). The episodic eruptive accretion in the disk by the magneto-rotational instability gives rise to the strong Alfvenic pulses, which acts as the driver of the collective accelerating pondermotive force. This pondermotive force drives the wakes. The accelerated hadrons (protons and nuclei) are released to the intergalactic space to be ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The high-energy electrons, on the other hand, emit photons to produce various non-thermal emissions (radio, IR, visible, UV, and gamma-rays) of active galactic nuclei in an episodic manner, giving observational telltale signatures.

scholarly journals Spheromaks and how plasmas may explain the ultra high energy cosmic ray mystery

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kenneth Fowler ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Accretion Disks ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Astrophysical Jets ◽  
Loss Cone ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Kinetic Instability

In recent papers, we show how accretion disks around massive black holes could act as dynamos producing magnetic jets similar to the jets that create spheromaks in the laboratory. In this paper, we discuss how these magnetic astrophysical jets might naturally produce runaway ion beams accelerated to $10^{20}$  eV or more, finally ejected as ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) long regarded as one of the mysteries of astrophysics. The acceleration is mainly due to the drift cyclotron loss cone kinetic instability known from plasma research. Experiments and simulations are suggested to verify the acceleration process.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals Cosmic ray transport and anisotropies to high energies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Biermann ◽  
L. I. Caramete ◽  
A. Meli ◽  
B. N. Nath ◽  
E.-S. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Isotropic Approximation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Abstract. A model is introduced, in which the irregularity spectrum of the Galactic magnetic field beyond the dissipation length scale is first a Kolmogorov spectrum k-5/3 at small scales λ = 2 π/k with k the wave-number, then a saturation spectrum k-1, and finally a shock-dominated spectrum k-2 mostly in the halo/wind outside the Cosmic Ray disk. In an isotropic approximation such a model is consistent with the Interstellar Medium (ISM) data. With this model we discuss the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) spectrum, as well as the extragalactic Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), their chemical abundances and anisotropies. UHECRs may include a proton component from many radio galaxies integrated over vast distances, visible already below 3 EeV.

Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 655-710
Author(s):  
Hermann Kolanoski ◽  
Norbert Wermes
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Astroparticle Physics ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Origin

Astroparticle physics deals with the investigation of cosmic radiation using similar detection methods as in particle physics, however, mostly with quite different detector arrangements. In this chapter the detection principles for the different radiation types with cosmic origin are presented, this includes charged particles, gamma radiation, neutrinos and possibly existing Dark Matter. In the case of neutrinos also experiments at accelerators and reactors are included. Examples, which are typical for the different areas, are given for detectors and their properties. For cosmic ray detection apparatuses are deployed above the atmosphere with balloons or satellites or on the ground using the atmosphere as calorimeter in which high-energy cosmic rays develop showers or in underground areas including in water and ice.

scholarly journals Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Canfora
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

scholarly journals COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE IN BRANE MODELS OR DON'T ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS PROBE 1015eV SCALE?

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 419-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOURI ZIAEEPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Color Glass ◽  
Color Glass Condensate ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Brane Models

In a previous work1 we have studied the propagation of relativistic particles in the bulk for some of the most popular brane models. Constraints have been put on the parameter space of these models by calculating the time delay due to propagation in the bulk of particles created during the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with protons in the terrestrial atmosphere. The question was, however, raised that probability of hard processes in which bulk modes can be produced is small and consequently, the tiny flux of UHECRs cannot constrain brane models. Here we use Color Glass Condensate (CGC) model to show that effects of extra dimensions are visible not only in hard processes when the incoming photon/parton hits a massive Kaluza–Klein mode but also through the modification of soft/semi-hard parton distribution. At classical level, for an observer in the CM frame of UHECR and atmospheric hadrons, color charge sources are contracted to a thin sheet with a width inversely proportional to the energy of the ultra energetic cosmic ray hadron and consequently they can see an extra dimension with comparable size. Due to QCD interaction, a short life swarm of partons is produced in front of the sheet and its partons can penetrate to the extra-dimension bulk. This reduces the effective density of partons on the brane or in a classical view creates a delay in the arrival of the most energetic particles if they are reflected back due to the warping of the bulk. In CGC approximation the density of swarm at different distances from the classical sheet can be related and therefore it is possible (at least formally) to determine the relative fraction of partons in the bulk and on the brane at different scales. Results of this work are also relevant to the test of brane models in hadron colliders like LHC.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

ENERGY ESTIMATION OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY PHOTONS BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3953-3964
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
D. KOUTSOKOSTA ◽  
O. MALANDRAKI ◽  
H. ROSAKI-MAVROULI
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) (E ≥ 5 × 1019 eV ) are detected through Extensive Air Showers that are created when a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with the atmosphere of the Earth. The energy of the primary particle can be estimated experimentally based on simulations. In this paper, we attempt to estimate the energy of UHECR gamma ray photons by applying a Monte Carlo simulation code and we compare the results with the ones derived in our previous papers for hadron initiated showers. The scenario of simulations is adapted to the P. Auger Observatory site.

scholarly journals Search for the astrophysical sources of the Fly's Eye event with the highest to date cosmic ray energy E=3.2·1020 eV

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gnatyk ◽  
Yu. Kudrya ◽  
V. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tidal Disruption ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Primary Nucleus ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

Among the registered extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECR, E=3.2·1020 eV) an event with the highest to date energy of E=3.2·1020 eV was detected by the Fly's Eye experiment (FE event) in 1991. With the use of the back-tracking method for the calculation of the EHECR trajectories in Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, we show that the galaxies UGC 03574 and UGC 03394 are the most promising candidates among the nearby extragalactic sources for the cases of iron and C-N-O group primary nucleus respectively. The most likely accelerating mechanisms are the newly-born millisecond pulsars, magnetar flares and tidal disruption events in these galaxies.

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