scholarly journals On the spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays produced by supernova remnants in the presence of strong cosmic-ray streaming instability and wave dissipation

2005 ◽  
Vol 429 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Ptuskin ◽  
V. N. Zirakashvili
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Dissipation ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Streaming Instability

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE IN BRANE MODELS OR DON'T ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS PROBE 1015eV SCALE?

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 419-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOURI ZIAEEPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Color Glass ◽  
Color Glass Condensate ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Brane Models

In a previous work1 we have studied the propagation of relativistic particles in the bulk for some of the most popular brane models. Constraints have been put on the parameter space of these models by calculating the time delay due to propagation in the bulk of particles created during the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with protons in the terrestrial atmosphere. The question was, however, raised that probability of hard processes in which bulk modes can be produced is small and consequently, the tiny flux of UHECRs cannot constrain brane models. Here we use Color Glass Condensate (CGC) model to show that effects of extra dimensions are visible not only in hard processes when the incoming photon/parton hits a massive Kaluza–Klein mode but also through the modification of soft/semi-hard parton distribution. At classical level, for an observer in the CM frame of UHECR and atmospheric hadrons, color charge sources are contracted to a thin sheet with a width inversely proportional to the energy of the ultra energetic cosmic ray hadron and consequently they can see an extra dimension with comparable size. Due to QCD interaction, a short life swarm of partons is produced in front of the sheet and its partons can penetrate to the extra-dimension bulk. This reduces the effective density of partons on the brane or in a classical view creates a delay in the arrival of the most energetic particles if they are reflected back due to the warping of the bulk. In CGC approximation the density of swarm at different distances from the classical sheet can be related and therefore it is possible (at least formally) to determine the relative fraction of partons in the bulk and on the brane at different scales. Results of this work are also relevant to the test of brane models in hadron colliders like LHC.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

scholarly journals Search for the astrophysical sources of the Fly's Eye event with the highest to date cosmic ray energy E=3.2·1020 eV

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gnatyk ◽  
Yu. Kudrya ◽  
V. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tidal Disruption ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Primary Nucleus ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

Among the registered extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECR, E=3.2·1020 eV) an event with the highest to date energy of E=3.2·1020 eV was detected by the Fly's Eye experiment (FE event) in 1991. With the use of the back-tracking method for the calculation of the EHECR trajectories in Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, we show that the galaxies UGC 03574 and UGC 03394 are the most promising candidates among the nearby extragalactic sources for the cases of iron and C-N-O group primary nucleus respectively. The most likely accelerating mechanisms are the newly-born millisecond pulsars, magnetar flares and tidal disruption events in these galaxies.

scholarly journals Nonlinear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants: Cold partially neutral atomic and molecular phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. A72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brahimi ◽  
A. Marcowith ◽  
V. S. Ptuskin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Propagation ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Streaming Instability ◽  
Weakly Ionized ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Multi Phase

Aims. We aim to elucidate cosmic ray (CR) propagation in the weakly ionized environments of supernova remnants (SNRs) basing our analysis on the cosmic ray cloud (CRC) model. Methods. We solved two transport equations simultaneously: one for the CR pressure and one for the Alfvén wave energy density where CRs are initially confined in the SNR shock. Cosmic rays trigger a streaming instability and produce slab-type resonant Alfvén modes. The self-generated turbulence is damped by ion-neutral collisions and by noncorrelated interaction with Alfvén modes generated at large scales. Results. We show that CRs leaking in cold dense phases such as those found in cold neutral medium (CNM) and diffuse molecular medium (DiM) can still be confined over distances of a few tens of parsecs from the CRC center for a few thousand years. At 10 TeV, CR diffusion can be suppressed by two or three orders of magnitude. This effect results from a reduced ion-neutral collision damping in the decoupled regime. We calculate the grammage of CRs in these environments. We find that in both single and multi-phase setups at 10 GeV, CNM and DiM media can produce grammage in the range 10–20 g cm−2 in the CNM and DiM phases. At 10 TeV, because of nonlinear propagation the grammage increases to values in the range 0.5–20 g cm−2 in these two phases. We also present preliminary calculations in inhomogeneous interstellar medium combining two or three different phases where we obtain the same trends.

scholarly journals Observation of the Energy Dependence of Primary and Secondary Cosmic Rays with the AMS Detector on the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
V. Formato
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Peculiar Case ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

Precision study of cosmic nuclei provides detailed knowledge on the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. AMS is a multi-purpose high energy particle detector designed to measure and identify cosmic ray nuclei with unprecedented precision. It is able to provide precision studies of nuclei simultaneously to multi-TeV energies. In 7 years on the Space Station, AMS has collected more than 120 billion both primary and secondary cosmic rays. Primary cosmic rays, such as p, He, C and O, are believed to be mainly produced and accelerated in supernova remnants, while secondary cosmic rays, such as Li, Be and B are thought to be produced by collisions of heavier nuclei with interstellar matter. Primary cosmic rays such as He, C, and O are found to have identical rigidity dependence, similarly to secondary cosmic rays (such as Li, Be and B) which share the same the same spectral shape. The peculiar case of Nitrogen being a mixture of a primary and secondary component will also be shown.

scholarly journals Cosmic-Ray Transport and Acceleration

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 926-936
Author(s):  
Reinhard Schlickeiser
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Diffusion Term ◽  
Solar Particle Events ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Propagation Parameters ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractWe review the transport and acceleration of cosmic rays concentrating on the origin of galactic cosmic rays. Quasi-linear theory for the acceleration rates and propagation parameters of charged test particles combined with the plasma wave viewpoint of modeling weak cosmic electromagnetic turbulence provides a qualitatively and quantitatively correct description of key observations. Incorporating finite frequency effects, dispersion, and damping of the plasma waves are essential in overcoming classical discrepancies with observations as the Kfit - Kql discrepancy of solar particle events. We show that the diffusion-convection transport equation in its general form contains spatial convection and diffusion terms as well as momentum convection and diffusion terms. In particular, the latter momentum diffusion term plays a decisive role in the acceleration of cosmic rays at super-Alfvénic supernova shock fronts, and in the acceleration of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays by distributed acceleration in our own galaxy.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — convection — cosmic rays — diffusion — shock waves

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum with the Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Daniela Mockler
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Detector Array ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Surface Detector

The flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 3×1017 eV has been measured with unprecedented precision at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The flux of the cosmic rays is determined by four different measurements. The surface detector array provides three data sets, two formed by dividing the data into two zenith angle ranges, and one obtained from a nested, denser detector array. The fourth measurement is obtained with the fluorescence detector. By combing all four data sets, the all-sky flux of cosmic rays is determined. The spectral features are discussed in detail and systematic uncertainties are addressed.

scholarly journals Origins of Extragalactic Cosmic Ray Nuclei by Contracting Alignment Patterns induced in the Galactic Magnetic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Martin Erdmann ◽  
Lukas Geiger ◽  
David Schmidt ◽  
Martin Urban ◽  
Marcus Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Astrophysical Scenario ◽  
The Individual

We present a novel approach to search for origins of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In a simultaneous fit to all observed cosmic rays we use the galactic magnetic field as a mass spectrometer and adapt the nuclear charges such that their extragalactic arrival directions are concentrated in as few directions as possible. During the fit the nuclear charges are constraint by the individual energy and shower depth measurements. We show in a simulated astrophysical scenario that source directions can be reconstructed even within a substantial isotropic background.

scholarly journals Perturbations to aquatic photosynthesis due to high-energy cosmic ray induced muon flux in the extragalactic shock model

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien Rodriguez ◽  
Rolando Cardenas ◽  
Oscar Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Shock Model ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

AbstractWe modify a mathematical model of photosynthesis to quantify the perturbations that high energy muons could make on aquatic primary productivity. Then, we apply this in the context of the extragalactic shock model, according to which Earth receives an enhanced dose of high-energy cosmic rays when it is at the galactic north. We obtain considerable reduction in the photosynthesis rates, consistent with potential drops in biodiversity.

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