FERMIONIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN THE DENSE WEINBERG-SALAM MODEL

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (17) ◽  
pp. 3417-3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. FERRER ◽  
V. DE LA INCERA ◽  
A.E. SHABAD
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Polarization Operator ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Condensate Phase ◽  
Fermion Loop ◽  
Zero Momentum ◽  
The One

The superconducting behavior of the W-condensate phase of the Weinberg-Salam liquid is investigated. The removal of the W-orientation degeneracy by a small external electromagnetic field imposed on the W-condensate is found. Against the background of the condensed W-mesons the left-lepton spectrum undergoes a restructuring with the appearance of an energy gap between all the particle-antiparticle states, and the joining of particles and antiparticles in the new spectrum. Some of these peculiarities are indicated as a signal of the electrical superconductivity of such a medium. The definitive conclusions about the fermion superconductivity are achieved by studying the contribution to the London’s equation of the one-fermion loop polarization operator against the W-condensate background at zero momentum. The London’s penetration depth λ L is found in the limit of small W-condensate amplitude.

On the effective Lagrangian for scalar electrodynamics

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Mansur Chowdhury ◽  
Gerry McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Vector Fields ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Type Approximation ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Scalar And Vector Fields ◽  
The One

The one-loop effective Lagrangian in scalar electrodynamics is computed using an expansion to second order in the external electromagnetic field and a WKB-type approximation. Quantum fluctuations of both the scalar and vector fields about background scalar and electromagnetic fields are considered.

Structure, Stability and Water Adsorption on Ultra-Thin TiO2 Supported on TiN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Julio Gutierrez Moreno ◽  
Marco Fronzi ◽  
Pierre Lovera ◽  
alan O'Riordan ◽  
Mike J Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Molecular Water ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

<p></p><p>Interfacial metal-oxide systems with ultrathin oxide layers are of high interest for their use in catalysis. In this study, we present a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the structure of ultrathin rutile layers (one and two TiO<sub>2</sub> layers) supported on TiN and the stability of water on these interfacial structures. The rutile layers are stabilized on the TiN surface through the formation of interfacial Ti–O bonds. Charge transfer from the TiN substrate leads to the formation of reduced Ti<sup>3+</sup> cations in TiO<sub>2.</sub> The structure of the one-layer oxide slab is strongly distorted at the interface, while the thicker TiO<sub>2</sub> layer preserves the rutile structure. The energy cost for the formation of a single O vacancy in the one-layer oxide slab is only 0.5 eV with respect to the ideal interface. For the two-layer oxide slab, the introduction of several vacancies in an already non-stoichiometric system becomes progressively more favourable, which indicates the stability of the highly non-stoichiometric interfaces. Isolated water molecules dissociate when adsorbed at the TiO<sub>2</sub> layers. At higher coverages the preference is for molecular water adsorption. Our ab initio thermodynamics calculations show the fully water covered stoichiometric models as the most stable structure at typical ambient conditions. Interfacial models with multiple vacancies are most stable at low (reducing) oxygen chemical potential values. A water monolayer adsorbs dissociatively on the highly distorted 2-layer TiO<sub>1.75</sub>-TiN interface, where the Ti<sup>3+</sup> states lying above the top of the valence band contribute to a significant reduction of the energy gap compared to the stoichiometric TiO<sub>2</sub>-TiN model. Our results provide a guide for the design of novel interfacial systems containing ultrathin TiO<sub>2</sub> with potential application as photocatalytic water splitting devices.</p><p></p>

A quantization of the electromagnetic field

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1183
Author(s):  
Anton Z. Capri ◽  
Gebhard Grübl ◽  
Randy Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Free Field ◽  
External Source ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Manifest Covariance ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Spaces

Quantization of the electromagnetic field in a class of covariant gauges is performed on a positive metric Hilbert space. Although losing manifest covariance, we find at the free field level the existence of two physical spaces where Poincaré transformations are implemented unitarily. This gives rise to two different physical interpretations of the theory. Unitarity of the S operator for an interaction with an external source then forces one to postulate that a restricted gauge invariance must hold. This singles out one interpretation, the one where two transverse photons are physical.

The Energy Band Structure of Polyacene with Soliton Excitation

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Li ◽  
H. B. Xu ◽  
K. L. Yao
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Energy Band ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Energy Band Structure ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
Soliton Excitation

Starting from the extensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model taking into account the effects of interchain coupling, we have studied the energy spectra and electronic states of soliton excitation in polyacene. The dimerized displacement u0 is found to be similar to the case of trans-polyacetylene, and equals to 0.04 Å. The energy-band gap is 0.38 eV, in agreement with the results derived by other authors. Two new bound electronic states have been found in the conduction band and in the valence band, which is different from the one of trans-polyacetylene. There exists two degenerate soliton states in the center of energy gap. Furthermore, the distribution of charge density and spin density have been discussed in detail.

scholarly journals PSEUDOCLASSICAL MODEL OF SPINNING PARTICLE WITH ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENTUM

1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. GITMAN ◽  
A.V. SAA
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Invariant Form ◽  
Pauli Equation ◽  
Spinning Particle ◽  
Dirac Quantization

A generalization of the pseudoclassical action of a spinning particle in the presence of an anomalous magnetic momentum is given. The action is written in reparametrization and supergauge invariant form. The Dirac quantization, based on the Hamiltonian analyzes of the model, leads to the Dirac-Pauli equation for a particle with an anomalous magnetic momentum in an external electromagnetic field. Due to the structure of first class constraints in that case, the Dirac quantization demands for consistency to take into account an operator’s ordering problem.

Electrospun Sodium-Cobalt Oxide Ceramic Nanofiber and the Electromagnetic Responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo G. Bautista ◽  
Juan A. Aguado ◽  
Yong X. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Fiber ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Hyperthermia Treatment ◽  
Electromagnetic Responses ◽  
Sodium Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Heating Behavior

In this work, a sodium-cobalt oxide (NaxCo2O4) ceramic composite nanofiber was manufactured through electrospinning. The response of the fiber to external electromagnetic field was characterized to observe the heat generation in the fiber. In addition, we also measured the current passing through the fiber under the polarization of DC potential. It is found that the fiber has intensive heating behavior when it is exposed to the electromagnetic field. The temperature increases more than 5 degrees in Celsius scale only after 5 s exposure. The current – potential curve of the fiber reveals its dielectric behavior. It is concluded that this ceramic fiber has the potential to be used for hyperthermia treatment in biomedical engineering or for energy conversions.

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