scholarly journals FERMIONS, ANOMALY AND UNITARITY IN HIGH ENERGY ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 795-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GUIDA ◽  
K. KONISHI ◽  
N. MAGNOLI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Optical Theorem ◽  
Electroweak Interactions ◽  
Instanton Action ◽  
Conceptual Problems

We report on the "state of the art" of the problem of B + L violation in high energy electroweak scatterings. Results of various analyses point to (but do not prove rigorously yet) "half-suppression," i.e. the (B + L)-violating cross section remains suppressed at least by the negative exponent of the single instanton action, at all energies. The most interesting techniques developed in this field are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to unitarity constraints on the anomalous cross section, and to some conceptual problems involving the use of the optical theorem in the presence of instantons.

INSTANTON-INDUCED CROSS-SECTION AT HIGH ENERGIES: LEADING ORDER AND BEYOND

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (24) ◽  
pp. 1983-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. YU. KHLEBNIKOV ◽  
V. A. RUBAKOV ◽  
P. G. TINYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Total Cross Section ◽  
Explicit Form ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electroweak Theory ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Instanton Action ◽  
High Energies ◽  
High Energy Collisions ◽  
The One

We study the total cross-section of high energy collisions in the one-instanton sector of purely bosonic theories with instantons. We find that in the limit g2 → 0, E/E sph = fixed , the leading behavior of the total cross-section is σ lot ~ exp [1/g2(−2S0 + F(E/E sph ))], where S0 is the instanton action. In the electroweak theory at E/E sph ≪ 1, the function F(E/E sph ) is determined by the gauge boson part of the instanton configuration and its explicit form is found.

scholarly journals Suppression of electroweak instanton processes in high-energy collisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150032
Author(s):  
Valentin V. Khoze ◽  
Daniel L. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optical Theorem ◽  
Initial State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
High Energy Collisions ◽  
High Energy Regime

Electroweak instantons are a prediction of the Standard Model and have been studied in great detail in the past although they have not been observed. Earlier calculations of the instanton production cross-section at colliders revealed that it was exponentially suppressed at low energies, but may grow large at energies (much) above the sphaleron mass. Such calculations faced difficulty in the breakdown of the instanton perturbation theory in the high-energy regime. In this paper, we review the calculation for the electroweak instanton cross-section using the optical theorem, including quantum effects arising from interactions in the initial state and show that this leads to an exponential suppression of the cross-section at all energies, rendering the process unobservable.

scholarly journals A Survey of Machine Learning-Based Physics Event Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Alanazi ◽  
Nobuo Sato ◽  
Pawel Ambrozewicz ◽  
Astrid Hiller-Blin ◽  
Wally Melnitchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Event Generation ◽  
Building Physics

Event generators in high-energy nuclear and particle physics play an important role in facilitating studies of particle reactions. We survey the state of the art of machine learning (ML) efforts at building physics event generators. We review ML generative models used in ML-based event generators and their specific challenges, and discuss various approaches of incorporating physics into the ML model designs to overcome these challenges. Finally, we explore some open questions related to super-resolution, fidelity, and extrapolation for physics event generation based on ML technology.

scholarly journals Emerging polyanionic and organic compounds for high energy density, non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 16061-16080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhe Chen ◽  
Qiannan Liu ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Guichuan Xing ◽  
Shu-Lei Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
High Energy Density

This review focuses on the state-of-the-art development of emerging polyanionic and organic compounds to achieve high energy density of non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries.

Porous Metals

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
New Research ◽  
Structure Properties

Porous metals are engineered materials; they are designed for special properties. Technological progress necessitates expanding the choices of such materials, making the development of new porous metals a relevant challenge for materials scientists.Although a wealth of information has already been accumulated on these materials, new results are published every year, extending the engineer's capability to manufacture porous metals and revealing their unknown and often unusual properties. This survey describes the state of the art and some recent accomplishments in the field. This article discusses manufacturing practices, structure, properties, and applications of porous metals. Promising new research issues are also highlighted. Materials whose pores were not formed in situ, like honeycomb structures made by high-energy beams etc., are not covered.

Lithium-Sulfur Cells: The Gap between the State-of-the-Art and the Requirements for High Energy Battery Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 1401986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hagen ◽  
Dominik Hanselmann ◽  
Katharina Ahlbrecht ◽  
Rudi Maça ◽  
Daniel Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Lithium Sulfur ◽  
Battery Cells

scholarly journals Application of EHD-enhanced drying technology: a sustainable approach for Vietnam’s agricultural product processing in the future

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Vu ◽  
Thi Tam Do ◽  
Anh Ngoc Vu ◽  
Van Lang Pham ◽  
Feng Chyuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
Drying Technology

Drying contributes a significantly important role in processing of agricultural products in Vietnam, particularly for high-value agricultural exports. Conventionally thermal-based drying techniques have remained critical disadvantages in term of enhancing product quality and process efficiency. The typical disadvantages include deterioration of organoleptic and nutritional properties, high-energy consumption, expensive costs yet low efficiency and hazards to environment change due to the consumption of fossil fuel sources. Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) drying technology has been demonstrated as an innovative solution for drying enhancement in various applications. This paper aims at an overview of the state-of-the-art EHD drying technology to enhance heat and mass transfer in agricultural drying processes. A case study is then presented to demonstrate an even better process efficiency, compared to the state-of-the-art EHD drying technology, and to shorten the gap “research-to-market”. Finally, this study shows obviously potential applications of this innovative technology in sustainable development of food and post-harvesting agricultural processing for Vietnam in the future. Sấy khô đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc chế biến và bảo quản nông sản sau thu hoạch tại Việt Nam, đặc biệt đối với các mặt hàng nông sản cao cấp phục vụ xuất khẩu. Các phương pháp sấy khô bằng nhiệt truyền thống tồn tại nhiều nhược điểm trong việc nâng cao hiệu quả sấy và bảo đảm chất lượng nông sản. Những nhược điểm nổi bật bao gồm: biến đổi thành phần hóa học và giảm giá trị dinh dưỡng của nông sản sau sấy do sử dụng nhiệt trong quá trình sấy, tiêu hao nhiên liệu lớn, chi phí nhiên liệu, lắp đặt và duy trì hệ thống sấy cao nhưng hiệu suất thấp và đặc biệt ảnh hưởng tới môi trường do sử dụng các nguồn nhiên liệu hóa thạch. Công nghệ sấy cải tiến khí-điện động lực học (EHD) hiện tại đã cho thấy tiềm năng thay thế các phương pháp sấy truyền thống. Bài báo tập trung giới thiệu cơ chế sấy các sản phẩm nông sản bằng công nghệ EHD; qua đó tác giả giới thiệu một mô hình sấy đã chế tạo thành công cho hiệu quả thậm chí còn cao hơn các mô hình hiện tại, đồng thời dễ dàng triển khai trong ngành công nghiệp sấy khô nông sản. Nghiên cứu này chỉ ra tiềm năng ứng dụng to lớn của công nghệ EHD trong phát triển bền vững các quá trình sấy khô nông sản cao cấp tại Việt Nam trong tương lai.

Mobile Multicast

2007 ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
T. Schmidt ◽  
M. Wählisch
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mobile Ipv6 ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Mobile Multicast ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Ipv6 Networks

In this review we will summarize the state of the art in current work to multicast to Mobile IPv6 networks. The principle conceptual problems are discussed and analyzed. Propositions for improvement and possible directions to further proceed towards a mobile multicast are presented.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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