COMPARISON OF PRISM-BASED OPTICAL PROBES FOR LIQUID MONITORING

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1111-1126
Author(s):  
H. GOLNABI ◽  
M. RAZANI
Keyword(s):  
Incident Angle ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Beam Divergence ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Optical Probes ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Emergent Intensity ◽  
Good Agreement

In this article, two possible applications of prism-based probes for liquid-switching, level-sensing, and as a refractometer are described. Theoretical formulation is developed for the emergent intensity for each system and possible range of operation for each system is reported. By comparing the theoretical investigations, some hints are given in optimum usage of prism in each case. Variation of the beam divergence, incident angle, and prism glass index are major parameters that are considered in this investigation. The obtained results are compared with some available experimental results and practical points concerning the effective application of each geometry is reported. Theoretical expressions developed here are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.

He DIFFRACTION FROM Ag(110) SURFACE

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
M. ARTUNÇ ◽  
M. CEYLAN ◽  
N. KOLSUZ
Keyword(s):  
Incident Energy ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Coupling Method ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Softness Parameter ◽  
Well Depth ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Mie Potential

Using the exact close-coupling method we have investigated the diffraction intensities of He atoms from a Ag(110) surface. He-Ag(110) interaction is represented by a corrugated Mie potential. In our calculations we have used three different well depths D. Diffraction intensities were calculated for x = <001> direction. The softness parameter β is optimized for a given incident energy Ei and incident angle θi so as to reproduce the experimental results. Using well depth D and van der Waals constant C3 for six He-metal (Al, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pt, Au) systems we have obtained a relation, D = 0.070C3 − 9.006, between parameters D and C3. Our results are in good agreement with experimental observations.

THE STUDY OF SCATTERING He FROM Cu(110) WITH A NEW MODEL POTENTIAL

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (27) ◽  
pp. 1795-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. GÖĞTAS
Keyword(s):  
Incident Angle ◽  
Pair Potential ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
New Model ◽  
Good Agreement

The dependence of specular and diffracted probabilities on the incident angle and energy was investigated for He+Cu(110). A new empirical pair potential used in this study gives a good agreement with experimental results.

Multislice calculations of RHEED patterns from vicinal Si (001)

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Scott Lordi
Keyword(s):  
Misorientation Angle ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Vicinal Surfaces ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Step Edges

Vicinal Si (001) surfaces are interesting because they are good substrates for the growth of III-V semiconductors. Spots in RHEED patterns from vicinal surfaces are split due to scattering from ordered step arrays and this splitting can be used to determine the misorientation angle, using kinematic arguments. Kinematic theory is generally regarded to be inadequate for the calculation of RHEED intensities; however, only a few dynamical RHEED simulations have been attempted for vicinal surfaces. The multislice formulation of Cowley and Moodie with a recently developed edge patching method was used to calculate RHEED patterns from vicinal Si (001) surfaces. The calculated patterns are qualitatively similar to published experimental results and the positions of the split spots quantitatively agree with kinematic calculations.RHEED patterns were calculated for unreconstructed (bulk terminated) Si (001) surfaces misoriented towards [110] ,with an energy of 15 keV, at an incident angle of 36.63 mrad ([004] bragg condition), and a beam azimuth of [110] (perpendicular to the step edges) and the incident beam pointed down the step staircase.

Theoretical and experimental research on slip and uplift of the timber-concrete composite beam

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7079-7099
Author(s):  
Jianying Chen ◽  
Guojing He ◽  
Xiaodong (Alice) Wang ◽  
Jiejun Wang ◽  
Jin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Deformation Theory ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Structural Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Interlayer Slip ◽  
Good Agreement

Timber-concrete composite beams are a new type of structural element that is environmentally friendly. The structural efficiency of this kind of beam highly depends on the stiffness of the interlayer connection. The structural efficiency of the composite was evaluated by experimental and theoretical investigations performed on the relative horizontal slip and vertical uplift along the interlayer between composite’s timber and concrete slab. Differential equations were established based on a theoretical analysis of combination effects of interlayer slip and vertical uplift, by using deformation theory of elastics. Subsequently, the differential equations were solved and the magnitude of uplift force at the interlayer was obtained. It was concluded that the theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the results of experimentation.

Inducing Frictional Force to Enhance the Transient Response in Beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Hamed Khanger Mina ◽  
Waleed K. Al-Ashtrai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Tightening Force ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ansys Workbench

This paper studies the effect of contact areas on the transient response of mechanical structures. Precisely, it investigates replacing the ordinary beam of a structure by two beams of half the thickness, which are joined by bolts. The response of these beams is controlled by adjusting the tightening of the connecting bolts and hence changing the magnitude of the induced frictional force between the two beams which affect the beams damping capacity. A cantilever of two beams joined together by bolts has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis was performed using ANSYS-Workbench version 17.2. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results has been obtained. In general, results showed that the two beams vibrate independently when the bolts were loosed and the structure stiffness is about 20 N/m and the damping ratio is about 0.008. With increasing the bolts tightening, the stiffness and the damping ratio of the structure were also increased till they reach their maximum values when the tightening force equals to 8330 N, where the structure now has stiffness equals to 88 N/m and the damping ratio is about 0.062. Beyond this force value, increasing the bolts tightening has no effect on stiffness of the structure while the damping ratio is decreased until it returned to 0.008 when the bolts tightening becomes immense and the beams behave as one beam of double thickness.

PHOTOINDUCED NONLINEAR OCTUPOLAR POLARIZATION: TRANSIENT AND PERMANENT REGIMES

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉLINE FIORINI ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL NUNZI ◽  
FABRICE CHARRA ◽  
IFOR D.W. SAMUEL ◽  
JOSEPH ZYSS
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polar Field ◽  
Rotational Spectrum ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Disperse Red 1 ◽  
Good Agreement

An original poling method using purely optical means and based on a dual-frequency interference process is presented. We show that the coherent superposition of two beams at fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies results in a polar field with an irreducible rotational spectrum containing both a vector and an octupolar component. This enables the method to be applied even to molecules without a permanent dipole such as octupolar molecules. After a theoretical analysis of the process, we describe different experiments aiming at light-induced noncentrosymmetry performed respectively on one-dimensional Disperse Red 1 and octupolar Ethyl Violet molecules. Macroscopic octupolar patterning of the induced order is demonstrated in both transient and permanent regimes. Experimental results show good agreement with theory.

scholarly journals Quantitative Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Interaction of Shock Waves with Magnetic Fields

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457
Author(s):  
H. Klingenberg ◽  
F. Sardei ◽  
W. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dimensional Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Interaction Of Shock Waves

Abstract In continuation of the work on interaction between shock waves and magnetic fields 1,2 the experiments reported here measured the atomic and electron densities in the interaction region by means of an interferometric and a spectroscopic method. The transient atomic density was also calculated using a one-dimensional theory based on the work of Johnson3 , but modified to give an improved physical model. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Transient Drop Deformation during Transition through Orifices in High-Pressure Homogenizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Benedikt Mutsch ◽  
Peter Walzel ◽  
Christian J. Kähler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Deformation ◽  
Droplet Deformation ◽  
Shadow Imaging ◽  
Good Agreement

The droplet deformation in dispersing units of high-pressure homogenizers (HPH) is examined experimentally and numerically. Due to the small size of common homogenizer nozzles, the visual analysis of the transient droplet generation is usually not possible. Therefore, a scaled setup was used. The droplet deformation was determined quantitatively by using a shadow imaging technique. It is shown that the influence of transient stresses on the droplets caused by laminar extensional flow upstream the orifice is highly relevant for the droplet breakup behind the nozzle. Classical approaches based on an equilibrium assumption on the other side are not adequate to explain the observed droplet distributions. Based on the experimental results, a relationship from the literature with numerical simulations adopting different models are used to determine the transient droplet deformation during transition through orifices. It is shown that numerical and experimental results are in fairly good agreement at limited settings. It can be concluded that a scaled apparatus is well suited to estimate the transient droplet formation up to the outlet of the orifice.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental study of the dynamic factor of the dynamic load on the urban railway

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Tran Anh Dung ◽  
Mai Van Tham ◽  
Do Xuan Quy ◽  
Tran The Truyen ◽  
Pham Van Ky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
Dynamic Load Factor

AbstractThis paper presents simulation calculations and experimental measurements to determine the dynamic load factor (DLF) of train on the urban railway in Vietnam. Simulation calculations are performed by SIMPACK software. Dynamic measurement experiments were conducted on Cat Linh – Ha Dong line. The simulation and experimental results provide the DLF values with the largest difference of 2.46% when the train speed varies from 0 km/h to 80 km/h

The Behaviour of Multiple Loops in Torsion

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cavina ◽  
N. E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Complementary Strain ◽  
Radial Axis ◽  
Strain Energy Method ◽  
Good Agreement

The angular stiffness of a multiple looped span, subject to rotation about a vertical axis (torsion) and also to rotation about a horizontal or radial axis (mesio-distal tilt), have been derived using the complementary (strain) energy method. Experimental measurements on enlarged models were in good agreement with the values calculated from the theoretical relationships obtained. The variations in angular stiffness resulting from changes in the loop height, width, and position of clinical sized loops are discussed.

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