Surface hardening characteristics of press die cast iron and plastic mold steel according to laser heat input

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07n09) ◽  
pp. 2040029
Author(s):  
Moo-Keun Song ◽  
Jong-Do Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Mold Material ◽  
Laser Heat ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Laser Heat Source ◽  
Plastic Mold

In this study, the surface heat treatment of mold materials was performed using a high-power laser heat source and surface hardening characteristics were investigated. Laser surface heat treatment is a hardening method in which a surface is heated using high-density energy and self-quenched through rapid cooling. Hence, the heat input during laser heat treatment is important. The heat input for the surface hardening of each material was compared, and it was found that the heat input for each mold material was different. Additionally, die cast iron has higher thermal conductivity compared to mold steel, resulting in a larger heat input during heat treatment.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Effect of Laser Hardening Parameters on Carbon Steel, Non-Malleable Cast iron and X20Cr13 Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
K. Prashanthi ◽  
B. Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Laser Hardening ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Malleable Cast

Laser hardening is a surface heat treatment process used to enhance tribological and mechanical properties of metals which also leads to increase in service life of the components. Material removal, wear and tear, load concentration occurs mostly at rotating and reciprocating parts. Hence it is sufficient to enhance the hardness of a component at functional areas rather than the entire component. Laser hardening process is designed to change the microstructure of metals through controlled heating and cooling to get a modified surface. The constraints of traditional surface heat treatment process such as inability to treat specific area, distortion, poor degree of controllability, requirement of a quenching medium, long cycle time can be overcome by using Laser surface heat treatment and in addition to that it can be automated. With its benefits Laser surface hardening turns out to be a cost effective and energy saving process. The presented work is an investigation of the laser surface hardening via experimental results making use of a 6 axis robotic arm and a 10KW high power diode laser system as heat source with a wavelength of 980nm on leading automotive parts such as retainer, hub, and turbine blade whose materials being non-malleable cast iron, carbon steel, X20Cr13 respectively. Process parameters such as laser power from power source, scan speed were varied to understand the influence on resulting heat treated surface and efforts were made to optimize the process parameters to attain maximum hardness for the component to enhance its working life.

Control Quality on Process of Laser Heat Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1860-1866
Author(s):  
Maria Angeles Montealegre ◽  
Beñat Arejita ◽  
Piera Alvarez ◽  
Carlos Laorden ◽  
Javier Diaz-Rozo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Laser Hardening ◽  
Laser Heat Treatment ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Laser Heat ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Hardness Values

Laser surface hardening, is a process in which a shaped laser beam is scanned across the surface to produce a hard and wear-resistant surface on components. Compared with the conventional surface hardening process, the laser heat treatment offers a number of attractive characteristics such as minimal part distortion, self-quenching and the need for less finishing work. The challenge of laser hardening is the uneven surfaces found in molds such as those with sharp edges or holes. In these cases, due to the differences in the surrounding volume of the material, overheating problems often appear leading to unacceptable treatment results. The purpose of this paper is to present the new technology, “raio” developed by Talens System for laser hardening process. This technology is able to adapt to geometrical singularities of the components to be treated, ensuring the dimensions of the hardened area and hardness values are compliant with the requirements. The main features of the technology for laser hardening are validated on a set of samples of 1.2738 steel with representative discontinuities of molds. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations of the hardened cross sections confirm the advantages of the raio technology in regard to the quality compliance of the laser hardening process. Furthermore, raio offers the same advantages for other laser processes, like softening of critical area or laser cladding for repairing of damaged components.

scholarly journals Comparison of Wear Performance of Austempered and Quench-Tempered Gray Cast Irons Enhanced by Laser Hardening Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Bingxu Wang ◽  
Gary C. Barber ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yuming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Hardening Treatment

The current research studied the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation and wear properties of gray cast irons heat treated by austempering or quench-tempering, respectively. Three austempering temperatures of 232 °C, 288 °C, and 343 °C with a constant holding duration of 120 min and three tempering temperatures of 316 °C, 399 °C, and 482 °C with a constant holding duration of 60 min were utilized to prepare austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens with equivalent macro-hardness values. A ball-on-flat reciprocating wear test configuration was used to investigate the wear resistance of austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens before and after applying laser surface-hardening treatment. The phase transformation, hardness, mass loss, and worn surfaces were evaluated. There were four zones in the matrix of the laser-hardened austempered gray cast iron. Zone 1 contained ledeburite without the presence of graphite flakes. Zone 2 contained martensite and had a high hardness, which was greater than 67 HRC. Zone 4 was the substrate containing the acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite with a hardness of 41–27 HRC. In Zone 3, the substrate was tempered by the low thermal radiation. For the laser-hardened quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, three zones were observed beneath the laser-hardened surface. Zone 1 also contained ledeburite, and Zone 2 was full martensite. Zone 3 was the substrate containing the tempered martensite. The tempered martensite became coarse with increasing tempering temperature due to the decomposition of the as-quenched martensite and precipitation of cementite particles. In the wear tests, the gray cast iron specimens without heat treatment had the highest wear loss. The wear performance was improved by applying quench-tempering heat treatment and further enhanced by applying austempering heat treatment. Austempered gray cast iron specimens had lower mass loss than the quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, which was attributed to the high fracture toughness of acicular ferrite and stable austenite. After utilizing the laser surface hardening treatment, both austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens had decreased wear loss due to the high surface protection provided by the ledeburitic and martensitic structures with high hardness. In the worn surfaces, it was found that cracks were the dominant wear mechanism. The results of this work have significant value in the future applications of gray cast iron engineering components and provide valuable references for future studies on laser-hardened gray cast iron.

Study on Structure and Properties of Alloy Nodular Cast Iron Roller with Laser Heat Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 790-794
Author(s):  
Cha Qin ◽  
Zhe Zhe Hou ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qing Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Laser Heat Treatment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Laser Heat ◽  
Cast Iron Roll ◽  
Iron Roll

The microstructure analysis and hardness test were carried out on the surface of alloy nodular cast iron roll treated with CO2 laser of power 5 KW by optical microscopy, Rockwell hardometer and micro-hardometer. The results indicate the cladded layers with laser heat treatment are divided into melt region, phase change region and substrate region. The dimension and microhardness for every region are related to laser power, scanning speed and process parameters. The fatigue life of alloy nodular cast iron roll treated with laser increased remarkably.

scholarly journals Effect of Laser Heat-Treatment and Laser Nitriding on the Microstructural Evolutions and Wear Behaviors of AISI P21 Mold Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Won-Sang Shin ◽  
Hyun Jong Yoo ◽  
Jeoung Han Kim ◽  
Jiyeon Choi ◽  
Eun-Joon Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Laser Heat Treatment ◽  
Laser Nitriding ◽  
Laser Heat ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disk

Laser heat-treatment and laser nitriding were conducted on an AISI P21 mold steel using a high-power diode laser with laser energy densities of 90 and 1125 J/mm2, respectively. No change in surface hardness was observed after laser heat-treatment. In contrast, a relatively larger surface hardness was measured after laser nitriding (i.e., 536 HV) compared with that of the base metal (i.e., 409 HV). The TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses revealed that laser nitriding induced to develop AlN precipitates up to a depth of 15 μm from the surface, resulting in surface hardening. The laser-nitrided P21 exhibited a superior wear resistance compared with that of the base metal and laser heat-treated P21 in the pin-on-disk tribotests. After 100 m of a sliding distance of the pin-on-disk test, the total wear loss of the base metal was measured to be 0.74 mm3, and it decreased to 0.60 mm3 for the laser-nitrided P21. The base metal and laser heat-treated P21 showed similar wear behaviors. The larger wear resistance of the laser-nitrided P21 was attributed to the AlN precipitate-induced surface hardening.

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