INFORMATION GEOMETRY AND ENCODING THE BIOSYSTEMS ORGANIZATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR S. LERNER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Information Geometry ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Systemic Property ◽  
First Time

The paper analyzes Information Geometry (IG) generated by the evolutionary Information Macrodynamics (IMD) which are memorized by IG renovated geometrical structures. The IG encloses a cellular structure which carries a genetic code for the IMD restoration. The paper focuses on the natural enfolding of the universal optimal genetic code into the IG, obtained from the preceding dynamics, with a forthcoming creation of initial genetic information by the IG cells. The field of information geometry consists of the cell's sets that enable the discrete production of a quantum of information at the cells' boundaries. A particular spatial–time dynamic trajectory, located on a curved information space, enfolds and encodes a specific triplet's code, accumulated by the IG cellular information structure. The paper explores a potential conversion of imaginary into real information, associated with the transformation of mind into matter, and evaluates the dissimilar directional "difficulty" of crossing the boundary between imaginary, virtual and physical real information. The attractive information forces, as attributes of the curved IG, assemble the elementary quantums of time-space virtual dynamics into the cooperative macrostructures and information networks. The results analytically prove for the first time that a macrostructure's genetic information is enfolded into the IG geometrical structures. This means that the morphology of any biological macrostructure, as well as its external surface and inner structures, encloses the code of the macrostructure's genetic information. The complexity of encoded macrostructure depends not just on the total number of its corresponding code's symbols, but essentially on the complexity of the coding structure presented by a hierarchy of the code's symbols. This information systemic property, applied to the encoding of biogenetic information, demonstrates that the same gene's number (for different bio-species) can encode proteins with a variety of distinctive complexities, characterizing the huge diversity of biosystems from plants to humans.

scholarly journals The Enigma of Darwin Diagram

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloje M. Rakocevic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Logical Square ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Direct Inspection

According to my best knowledge, for the first time here is presented a hypothesis, that the one and only "accompanying diagram" in Darwin's famous book On the Origin of Species contains, may be, a hidden code. Direct inspection reveals that the Diagram, viewed as built of four parts [(two upper and two lower / two left and two right); (two with more and two with less branches / two with multiple and two with single branches)], corresponds to the logical square of the genetic code. When, however, viewed as built of two parts (upper and lower), then it corresponds with Shcherbak’s diagram (Shcherbak, 1993, 1994) of four-codon and non-four-codon amino acids (AAs); not only by the form but also by the number of elementary quantities. [This version was storing 2015.01.06. on my website; the first one, under the title "The Darwin (hidden) code" at 2014.10.12.]

scholarly journals IDENTITY IMPLICATIONS: «FROM THE COUNTRY OF RICE AND OPIUM» BY SOFIIA YABLONSKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Tymofii HAVRYLIV
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ukrainian Society

This article is one of the first scholarly attempts to analyze the creative work of Ukrainian filmmaker and traveler Sofiia Yablonska-Uden. For the first time in the Ukrainian and the world literary studies, identical implications are analyzed in the «From the Country of Rice and Opium» by S. Yablonska. The purpose of the article is to highlight the complex nature of identity issues in travel literature. In terms of identity, the journey performs two fundamental, closely interconnected tasks: knowledge of the other and self-knowledge. Hermeneutic approaches are used in the article. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) the journey has its own time-spatial dimension, consisting of two disproportionate moments: preparation for travel and travel itself, and begins literally and symbolically with the overcoming, or the crossing of the border; 2) the intention of the trip contains an identity challenge that affects the preparation, organization, realization of the travel, the way and the content of documenting impressions; 3) such parameters of travel as an accident, an adventure, a game which formed the world of traveler's impressions, are subordinated to the identity problem in the given work; 4) the essay character of the book makes it possible to talk about implications as a response to an identity challenge. The book of travel essays «From the Country of Rice and Opium» of S. Yablonska-Uden is a sample of a successful combination of the business and private aspects of travel, intentions of knowledge and self-knowledge, poetry and faculty; learning about another people and countries, the writer learns a lot of things about himself. Travel literature is an important study object of Ukrainian writing, which opens the prospects for further interdisciplinary studies. The study of travel literature, an identity issue, is extremely relevant both for the development of Ukrainian society and for the formation of optimal responses to the challenges of our time. Keywords travel, travel literature, identity, identical implications, time-space disposition.

State-Feedback Zero-Sum Dynamic Games

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Hespanha
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Dynamic Games ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Zero Sum

This chapter focuses on the computation of the saddle-point equilibrium of a zero-sum discrete time dynamic game in a state-feedback policy. It begins by considering solution methods for two-player zero sum dynamic games in discrete time, assuming a finite horizon stage-additive cost that Player 1 wants to minimize and Player 2 wants to maximize, and taking into account a state feedback information structure. The discussion then turns to discrete time dynamic programming, the use of MATLAB to solve zero-sum games with finite state spaces and finite action spaces, and discrete time linear quadratic dynamic games. The chapter concludes with a practice exercise that requires computing the cost-to-go for each state of the tic-tac-toe game, and the corresponding solution.

One-Player Differential Games

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Hespanha
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Differential Games ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Dynamic Games ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Termination Time

This chapter focuses on one-player continuous time dynamic games, that is, the optimal control of a continuous time dynamical system. It begins by considering a one-player continuous time differential game in which the (only) player wants to minimize either using an open-loop policy or a state-feedback policy. It then discusses continuous time cost-to-go, with the following conclusion: regardless of the information structure considered (open loop, state feedback, or other), it is not possible to obtain a cost lower than cost-to-go. It also explores continuous time dynamic programming, linear quadratic dynamic games, and differential games with variable termination time before concluding with a practice exercise and the corresponding solution.

scholarly journals On the Eddy Current Losses in Metallic Towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mahariq ◽  
Svetlana Beryozkina ◽  
Huda Mohammed ◽  
Hamza Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

The existence of magnetic field around high-voltage overhead transmission lines or low-voltage distribution lines is a known fact and well-studied in the literature. However, the interaction of this magnetic field either with transmission or distribution towers has not been investigated. Noteworthy it is to remember that this field is time-varying with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on the country. In this paper, we studied for the first time the eddy currents in towers which are made of metals. As the geometrical structures of towers are extremely complex to model, we provide a simple approach based on principles of electromagnetism in order to verify the existence of power loss in the form of eddy currents. The frequency-domain finite difference method is adapted in the current study for simulating the proposed model. The importance of such a study is the addition of a new type of power loss to the power network due to the fact that some towers are made of relatively conductive materials.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

INITIAL STAGES OF EPITAXY OF METALS ON Si(lll)-7x7 STUDIED BY UHV ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TAKAYANAGI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Superlattice Structures ◽  
First Time

AbstractInitial condensations of Cu, Ag and Au on Si(lll)-7x7 surface are seen continuously by video tape recording and intermittently by photographic films using an UHV electron microscope in reflection electron microscopy (REM). The growths of initial superlattice structures are found to relate with the steps of the 7x7 surface and the superlattice structures of a for Cu, for Ag and 5x2 for Au are nucleated at the upper side of the stepsand grow over the lower side terrace accompanied by the step movement. The growth of Au on Si(lll)-7x7 surface is seen in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to supplement geometric information. It is found that the 5x2 domain of Au grows in the <llO>Si direction preferentially. The superlattice structures formed at submonolayer range are seen for the first time in TED pattern, which is useful to judge the previously proposed models from intensity distribution. REM-RHEED and TEM-TED allow us to study dynamic process of the initial growth stages of metals on Si(lll)-7x7 in real space and to analyse the geometrical structures of the superlattice structures at submonolayer.

Cardiovascular changes during underwater static and dynamic breath-hold dives in trained divers

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Breskovic ◽  
Lovro Uglesic ◽  
Petra Zubin ◽  
Benjamin Kuch ◽  
Jasenka Kraljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Pulse Oxymetry ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
First Time

Limited information exists concerning arterial blood pressure (BP) changes in underwater breath-hold diving. Simulated chamber dives to 50 m of freshwater (mfw) reported very high levels of invasive BP in two divers during static apnea (SA), whereas a recent study using a noninvasive subaquatic sphygmomanometer reported unchanged or mildly increased values at 10 m SA dive. In this study we investigated underwater BP changes during not only SA but, for the first time, dynamic apnea (DA) and shortened (SHT) DA in 16 trained breath-hold divers. Measurements included BP (subaquatic sphygmomanometer), ECG, and pulse oxymetry (arterial oxygen saturation, SpO2, and heart rate). BP was measured during dry conditions, at surface fully immersed (SA), and at 2 mfw (DA and SHT DA), whereas ECG and pulse oxymetry were measured continuously. We have found significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) values in SA (∼40%) vs. SHT DA (∼30%). Postapneic recovery of BP was slightly slower after SHT DA. Significantly higher BP gain (mmHg/duration of apnea in s) was found in SHT DA vs. SA. Furthermore, DA attempts resulted in faster desaturation vs. SA. In conclusion, we have found moderate increases in BP during SA, DA, and SHT DA. These cardiovascular changes during immersed SA and DA are in agreement with those reported for dry SA and DA.

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