LIVING BEINGS AS INFORMED SYSTEMS: TOWARDS A PHYSICAL THEORY OF INFORMATION
I propose here a new concept of information based on two relevant aspects of its expression. The first refers to the undeniable fact that the expression of information modifies the physical state of its receiver. The second, to that the said changes are arbitrary, not deducible from physical laws but from a code established arbitrarily. Thus, physical information is proposed here as the capacity of producing arbitrary changes. Once defined information from this physical point of view, I deduce some basic physical properties of informed systems. These properties (renewal, self-reproducing, evolution, diversification) are immediately recognisable as the attributes most characteristic of living beings, the only natural informed systems we know. Although no new attribute of living beings has been discovered here, the formal way used to obtain them is a significant novelty. I also propose here a double evaluation of information. The former is an absolute measure of the physical effects of its expression based on Einstein’s probability. The latter is a functional measure based on the probability that an informed system attain a given objective as consequence of the expression of its information.