EFFECT OF PRE-ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF ALIGNED α-Fe2O3 NANOWIRES VIA A TWO-STEP THERMAL OXIDATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650027
Author(s):  
NORHANA MOHAMED RASHID ◽  
NAOKI KISHI ◽  
TETSUO SOGA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Thermal Oxidation Process

Pre-annealing as part of a two-step thermal oxidation process has a significant effect on the growth of hematite ([Formula: see text]-Fe2O3) nanowires on Fe foil. High-density aligned nanowires were obtained on iron foils pre-annealed at 300[Formula: see text]C under a dry air flow for 30[Formula: see text]min. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the nanowires are transformed from the small [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 grains and uniquely grow in the (110) direction. The formation of a high-density of small grains by pre-annealing improved the alignment and density of the [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanowires.

SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS FOR SILICON NANOCRYSTAL-BASED HETEROSTRUCTURES

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350046 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN T. SALIM
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nanocrystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rapid Thermal Oxidation ◽  
O Phase ◽  
Thermal Oxidation Process

In this work, we studied the effect of rapid thermal oxidation process on the structural and surface morphology of silicon nanocrystal-based heterostructures. PLD technique was employed in combination with rapid thermal oxidation process to form multilayers heterostructures. Results show the dependence of the surface roughness and structure on the oxidation temperature. Best surface morphology was achieved at 723 K oxidation temperature, at which, the X-ray diffraction result ensured the formation of the Cu 2 O phase at (111) and (002) diffraction plain with uniform porous surface.

scholarly journals Synthesis of NiO Nanotubes via a Dynamic Thermal Oxidation Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Xiang ◽  
Zibin Dong ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Jiali Zhao ◽  
Jia-ou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Transition Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Oxidation Process ◽  
Shell Nanowires ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanotubes were synthesized via a thermal oxidation process from Ni nanowires. The effects of oxidation temperature on the morphology, microstructures, and composition of nanowires were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the Ni nanowires convert initially to Ni/NiO core-shell nanowires with increasing annealing temperatures, and then to the nanotubes at the critical transition temperature of about 425 °C. Our findings provide useful information for the preparation of NiO nanotubes to meet the required applications.

Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Ti Thin Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
L. Uttayan ◽  
K. Aiempanakit ◽  
M. Horprathum ◽  
P. Eiamchai ◽  
V. Pattantsetakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wafer Substrate ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ti Films

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were prepared by thermal oxidation from Ti films. The Ti films were deposited on glass and silicon (100) wafer substrate by dc magnetron sputtering and subsequent with thermal oxidation process. The crystal structure and morphology of TiO2 films were estimated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The optical property of TiO2 films was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The influences of annealing temperature between 200 to 500°C in air for 1 hour on the structure and optical properties of TiO2 films were investigated. The increasing of annealing temperature was directly affected the phase transition from Ti to TiO2. The optical and structural properties of TiO2 films are the best exhibited with increasing the annealing temperature at 500 °C.

Behavior of UO2 in the RBMK-1000 Spent Fuel under Oxidizing Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Kolyadin ◽  
V. Ya. Mishin ◽  
K. Ya. Mishin ◽  
A. S. Aloy ◽  
T. I. Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Xrd Techniques

AbstractThe oxidation of UO2–type spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in gaseousmedia was studied at different temperatures and oxygen contents using gravimetric and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism(s) of thermal-oxidation alteration of SNF during long-term dry storage. The samples used in the experiments were chips of RBMK-1000 fuel rods.Oxidation of UO2with a mean burn-up of 10.7 and 19.73 MW d/kg in humid air was observed at a temperature as low as 150°C. At 200°C nearly all of the UO2was transformed into U3O8 between 3500-4000 hours. In a humid nitrogen environment containing of 0.05-1.3 vol. % oxygen at 300°C, the UO2 completely transformed to U3O8 between 2500-3000 hours. Oxidation of UO2in samples with small amounts of jacket damage (e.g., <0.04 MM2)ll progresses more slowly and after â3000 hours the oxygen-to-uranium ratio was 2.56.Stabilization of the oxidation process was not observed in the fuel samples upto an O/U ratio of 2.4, which may be attributed to the smallburn-up of the fuel under investigation.

Sol-gel derived Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 thin films: Preparation and structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhou ◽  
Qing-Xin Su ◽  
K. M. Moulding ◽  
D. J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Small Grains

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 thin films were prepared by a sol-gel process involving the reaction of barium isopropoxide, tantalum ethoxide, and magnesium acetate in 2-methoxyethanol and subsequently hydrolysis, spin-coating, and heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the thin films. It was shown that the thin films tend to crystallize with small grains sized below 100 nm. Crystalline phase with cubic (disordered) perovskite structure was formed in the samples annealed at a very low temperature (below 500 °C), and well-crystallized thin films were obtained at 700 °C. Although disordered perovskite is dominant in the thin films annealed below 1000 °C, a low volume fraction of 1 : 2 ordering domains was found in the samples and grows with an increase of annealing temperature.

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Synthesized by Thermal Oxidation of Zinc Powder on Si Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suttinart Noothongkaew ◽  
Supakorn Pukird ◽  
Worasak Sukkabot ◽  
Bualoy Kasemporn ◽  
Prayoon Songsiririttikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Width ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature

ZnO nanowhiskers were formed by a simple oxidation of metallic zinc powder 99.9% at different temperatures from 400-900 °C for 2 hours on the silicon substrate. The result can be obtained after the thermal oxidation process, the ZnO nanowhiskers with different morphologies at different temperatures in which these morphologies and composition of ZnO nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope, (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, XRD. It was found that the products were nanowhiskers, the structure are triangular shapes with average width of 10-50 nm at the root, 10-30 nm at the tip and length in the range of 1-3 μm was observed by SEM. Temperature in the range of 600-700 °C was suitable for the preparation of ZnO nanowhiskers. At higher temperature of 800 °C, the concentrations of ZnO structures become lower and stronger. At the oxidized temperature of 900 °C, ZnO nanowhiskers were not found and surface morphology become to porous. These results indicate that the oxidation rate is faster than the diffusion rate of Zn vapor on the surface of ZnO nuclei.

scholarly journals Graphite/NiO/Ni Electrode for Electro-oxidation of the Remazol Black 5 Dye

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-856
Author(s):  
Ni Made Wiratini ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Agus Kuncaka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Ph Variations ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Remazol Black

Graphite/NiO/Ni electrode had been fabricated for the electro-oxidation of remazol black 5 dye. The electrode was synthesized by electrodeposition method. Electro-oxidation of 100 ppm remazol black 5 dye was carried out at various concentrations of NaCl, 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.25; and 0.5 M, variations in electro-oxidation time were 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and pH variations were 4, 6, and 8. Cyclic voltammetry test revealed that graphite/NiO/Ni electrode had higher electrocatalytic capability compared to graphite electrode. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the decreasing value of 2θ from 44.6° for Ni to 43.5° for NiO. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) showed that NiO/Ni deposited on the graphite surface in the form of solid grains and cracks, FTIR showed that δ(Ni−O) bond appeared at 582–511 cm−1. The decolorization efficiency of remazol black 5 for graphite/NiO/Ni electrode was 100% for 45 minutes of the electro-oxidation process, while the decolorization efficiency of remazol black 5 for graphite electrode was 99.74% for 60 minutes of the electro-oxidation process. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Temperature on Cu2O Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
Bach Thanh Cong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Dieu Thu ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Binh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu2o Thin Films

We report a facile process to fabricate cuprous thin films by thermal oxidation of copper substrates. Structure and phase identification were studied by X-ray diffraction measurement and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study surface morphology of the as-fabricated thin films and optical properties of the samples were investigated by diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The study shows that cuprous thin films could be obtained by controlling annealing temperature in the region of 200-300 oC.

scholarly journals The structure and optical properties of organic semiconductor bulk hetrojunction blend (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (33) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Atyaf H. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The effect of heat treatment on the optical properties of the bulk heterojunction blend nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) Aluminum (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films which prepared by spin coating was described in this study. The films coated on a glass substrate with speed of 1500 rpm for 1.5 min and treated with different annealing temperature (373, 423 and 473) K. The samples characterized using UV-Vis, X ray diffraction and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, XRD patterns indicated the presence of amorphous and polycrystalline blend (NiPcTs/Alq3). The results of UV visible shows that the band gap increase with increasing the annealing temperature up to 373 K and decreases with increase the annealing temperature to (423, 473)K respectively.

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