Fight Bite Injuries: Aggressive Tendencies Associated with Smaller Second to Fourth Digit Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
Cormac W. Joyce ◽  
Andrew O’ Regan ◽  
Jack L. Kelly ◽  
Michael O’ Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prenatal Androgen ◽  
Bite Injuries

Background: Fight bite injuries are typically sustained by young, combative males and are the direct consequence of an aggressive act. Second to fourth digit ratios (2D:4D) are dependent on prenatal androgen exposure and lower ratios have been shown to be linked to various psychological and physical traits, including aggression. The aim of this study was to examine the 2D:4D ratios in a cohort of patients with fight bite injuries and compare these to an age and gender-matched control group. Methods: The 2D:4D ratios were calculated using plain films of the hand from 133 patients (122 males, 11 females) with fight bite injuries. A further 133 radiographs were obtained from patients that did not have fight bite injuries and digit ratios were calculated in the same fashion. Statistical analysis was then carried out to compare the 2D:4D ratios between the different groups. Results: The 2D:4D ratios for male fight bite patients was significantly smaller than the male control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the female fight bite patients and the female control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fight bite injuries are usually sustained as a result of aggression. 2D:4D ratios are reflect intrauterine androgen exposure and low ratios have been linked to aggressive tendencies. We have demonstrated that male patients who sustained fight bite injuries have a lower 2D:4D ratio then the general population, thereby suggesting that exposure to prenatal androgens can lead to aggressive tendencies in adulthood. This suggests that lower ratios may predict a predisposition to acts of aggression, and as such result in an increased likelihood of sustaining an injury such as a fight bite.

scholarly journals Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Meng-jiao Xu ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Bing-gen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prenatal Sex Hormones ◽  
Prenatal Androgen Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

Abstract Background Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among reproductive women, reflecting abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. Moreover, the potential organizational effect of prenatal sex hormones during PMDD has got attentions, but there have been considerably less of researches on this topic. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible role of prenatal androgen in the PMDD. Methods Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between a woman’s clitoris and her urethral meatus (CUMD), left and right 2D:4D ratios were measured in 77 subjects (25 patients with PMDD), as these anthropometric indicators are considered to indirectly reflect prenatal androgen exposures in utero. Results Patients with PMDD had a longer CUMD than controls (25.03 ± 4.73 vs. 22.07 ± 4.30, P = 0.008), while there were no significant difference between PMDD group and control group in the AGD and right and left 2D:4D ratios. Conclusion Atypical high prenatal androgen exposure might predispose individuals to be susceptible to PMDD.

scholarly journals Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is Associated with the Longer Length from Clitoris to Urethra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Meng-jiao Xu ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Bing-gen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prenatal Sex Hormones ◽  
Prenatal Androgen Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

Abstract Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among reproductive women, reflecting abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. Moreover, the organizational effects of prenatal sex hormones during the embryonic environment that may determine individual sensitivity to fluctuation of sex hormones, have got attentions, but there have been considerably less of researches on this topic. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible role of prenatal androgen in the PMDD.Methods: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between a woman’s clitoris and her urethral meatus (CUMD), left and right 2D:4D ratios were measured in 77 subjects (25 patients with PMDD), as these anthropometric indicators are considered to indirectly reflect prenatal androgen exposures in utero. Results: Patients with PMDD had a longer CUMD than controls (25.03±4.73 vs 22.07 ± 4.30, P=0.008), while there were no significant difference between PMDD group and control group in the AGD and right and left 2D:4D ratios.Conclusion: Atypical high prenatal androgen exposure might predispose individuals to be susceptible to PMDD.

scholarly journals Assesment of anogenital distance as a marker in diagnosis of prostate cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytac Sahin ◽  
Musab Ali Kutluhan ◽  
Tuncay Toprak ◽  
Yasin Vural ◽  
Ahmet Ürkmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

Objectives: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the sexual organs to the anus, is a sexually dimorphic feature in mammals. In this study, we investigated the relationship between anogenital distance and prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: 52 patients diagnosed with PCa and 60 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia as a control group were included in the study. AGDAP (cephalad insertion of the penis to the center of the anus) and AGDAS (posterior base (first fold) of the scrotum to the center of the anus) measurements of patients were done and noted before biopsy. Results: The mean ages of 52 patients diagnosed with PCa and 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were 67.70 ± 7.74 and 67.03 ± 7.89, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age and serum testosterone levels of the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer or BPH (p > 0.05). Mean PSA values of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer wto be statistically higher than patients with BPH (p = 0.000). The mean AGDAP measurements of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were statistically higher than those diagnosed with BPH (p = 0.000) and there was no significant difference in AGDAS measurements.(p = 0.823; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Androgen exposure is thought to play a role in the development PCa. Also AGD may be an indicator of prenatal androgen activity. In our study, we found a direct correlation between AGDAP and PCa. In order to reach a definitive conclusion, randomized controlled trials with larger sample number are needed.

The evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (03) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
S Üstün Bezgin ◽  
T Çakabay ◽  
K Irak ◽  
M Koçyiğit ◽  
B Serin Keskineğe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Saccharine Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Nasal Mucociliary Clearance

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine nasal mucociliary clearance time in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.MethodsFifty patients who were newly diagnosed with H pylori infection using gastric biopsy in the gastroenterology out-patient clinic, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy adults who were admitted to the otorhinolaryngology out-patient clinic, were included in this study. After an otorhinolaryngological examination (anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopic examination), the nasal mucociliary clearance time of each subject was calculated using the saccharine test.ResultsThe mean mucociliary clearance time was 06:29 ± 3:31 minutes (range, 00:55–15:19 minutes) in the control group and 10:12 ± 06:09 minutes (range, 01:28–32:00 minutes) in the study group. Comparisons of the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002).ConclusionNasal mucociliary clearance time was significantly increased in patients with H pylori infection. The results suggest that H pylori infection may have an unfavourable effect on nasal mucociliary clearance.

scholarly journals Investigating the reliability and sex differences of digit lengths, ratios, and hand measures in infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Ernsten ◽  
Lisa M. Körner ◽  
Martin Heil ◽  
Gareth Richards ◽  
Nora K. Schaal
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Androgen Exposure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

AbstractHands and digits tend to be sexually dimorphic and may reflect prenatal androgen exposure. In the past years, the literature introduced several hand and digit measures, but there is a lack of studies in prepubertal cohorts. The available literature reports more heterogeneous findings in prepubertal compared to postpubertal cohorts. The comparability of the available studies is further limited by the study design and different measurement techniques. The present study compared the reliability and sex differences of available hand and digit measures, namely digit lengths of 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, digit ratios 2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:4D, 3D:5D, 4D:5D, relative digit lengths rel2, rel3, rel4, rel5, directional asymmetry of right and left 2D:4D (Dr-l), hand width, length, and index of 399 male and 364 female 6-month-old German infants within one study using only indirect and computer-assisted measurements. The inter-examiner reliability was excellent while the test-retest reliability of hand scans was only moderate to high. Boys exhibited longer digits as well as wider and longer hands than girls, but smaller digit ratios, with ratios comprising the fifth digit revealing the largest effect sizes. Other hand and digit ratios revealed sex differences to some extent. The findings promote the assumption of sexual dimorphic hand and digit measures. However, by comparing the results of the available literature, there remains an uncertainty regarding the underlying hypothesis. Specifically in prepubertal cohorts, i.e. before the influence of fluctuating hormones, significant effects should be expected. It seems like other factors than the influence of prenatal androgens contribute to the sexual dimorphism in hand and digit lengths.

scholarly journals A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suju Wang ◽  
Wenyang Hao ◽  
Chunxiao Xu ◽  
Daofeng Ni ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

scholarly journals Changes in the Upper and Lower Pharyngeal Airway Spaces Associated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitin Aloufi ◽  
Charles B. Preston ◽  
Khalid H. Zawawi
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Maxillary Constriction

Objectives. The primary objectives of this retrospective study were first to compare the upper and lower pharyngeal airway spaces between orthodontic patients with and without maxillary constriction and second to evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on these airway spaces. A secondary objective was to compare the mode of breathing between groups. Materials and Methods. The experimental (RME) group consisted of 30 patients (mean age, years, 16 boys and 14 girls) with maxillary constriction who were treated with hyrax-type RME. The control group comprised the records of age- and gender matched patients (mean age, years, 16 boys and 14 girls) with no maxillary constriction but requiring nonextraction comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Cephalometric measurements in the sagittal dimension of upper and lower airway spaces for the initial and final records were recorded. Mode of breathing and length of treatment were also compared. Results. The sagittal dimension of the upper airway increased significantly in the RME group ( mm) compared to the control group ( mm), . However, there was no significant difference in the lower pharyngeal airway measurement between the RME group () and the control group (), . There was no significant difference with respect to mode of breathing between the two groups (). Conclusion. Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) during orthodontic treatment may have a positive effect on the upper pharyngeal airway, with no significant change on the lower pharyngeal airway.

scholarly journals What is the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with idiopathic tinnitus?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2983
Author(s):  
Suleyman Erdogdu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cochlear Blood Flow ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Background: Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that results from imbalanced and overfeeding as well as sedentary life. Elevated blood lipid levels can affect cochlear blood flow and fluidity, leading to decreased hearing and tinnitus. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia by investigating the blood lipoprotein values of patients with tinnitus.Methods: The lipid profiles of the patients with idiopathic tinnitus who were selected among the patients who applied to Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of tinnitus between January 2019 and May 2020 were examined. The test results and age and gender distributions were compared with control groups without tinnitus complaints and statistical evaluation was performed.Results: Hypercholesterolemia in 42% of 6472 patients with idiopathic tinnitus, 18% low HDL, 50% high LDL, Hyperlipidemia was detected in 21%. 1942 (30%) of these patients were male; 4530 (70%) are women. The number of patients in the control group without tinnitus was 6470. Hypercholesterolemia in 49% of this group; 21% low HDL, 42% high LDL, 16% hyperlipidemia was detected. In this control group, 1950 (30%) of the patients were male and 4520 (70%) were female. Cholesterol of male and female patients with tinnutus. When the cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride values of HDL and LDL values and female and male patients in the control group were examined, a statistically significant difference was found (p <0.005). No statistically significant difference was found between HDL values of female and male patients with tinnutus and HDL values of female and male patients in the control group (P> 0.05).Conclusions: There is a statistically relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia. The presence of dyslipidemia is vital due to atherosclerosis caused by dyslipidemia, especially coronary artery involvement. Therefore, dyslipidemia should be treated as it causes many diseases.

scholarly journals Multiple Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Exfoliation Syndrome in the Uygur Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Nu Ma ◽  
Ting-Yu Xie ◽  
Xue-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exfoliation Syndrome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Protective Allele ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background. Our previous data suggested that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241, of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene (LOXL1) are significantly associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). The following study investigated other SNPs that potentially effect XFS/XFG. Methods. A total of 216 Uygur patients diagnosed with XFS/XFG, and 297 Uygur volunteers were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital at Xinjiang Medical University between January 2015 and October 2017. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Alleles and genotypes of LOXL1, TBC1D21, ATXN2, APOE, CLU, AFAP1, TXNRD2, CACNA1A, ABCA1, GAS7, and CNTNAP2 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results. The allele G of rs41435250 of LOXL1 was a risk allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001), whereas the allele G of rs893818 of LOXL1 was a protective allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001). After adjusting all data for age and gender, the following results were obtained: the frequency of genotype CC for rs7137828 of ATXN2 was significantly higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.027), while no significance was found with reference to the frequency of genotype TT. The frequency of genotype GG for rs893818 of LOXL1 (P<0.001) and the frequency of genotype AA were both significantly higher in XFS/XFG groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of genotype TT for rs41435250 of LOXL1 was higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.003), while no significant difference was found with reference to the frequency of genotype GG after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, the haplotypes G-A/T-G/G-G for rs41435250 and rs893818 were significantly associated with XFS/G. Conclusions. With reference to LOXL1, the rs41435250 resulted as a risk factor and rs893818 as a protective factor for XFS/XFG in the Uygur populations. Meanwhile, the rs16958445 of TBC1D21 and the rs7137828 of ATXN2 have also shown to be associated with pathogenesis of XFS/XFG.

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