Trade Union Orientation and Macro-Economic Management

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Chew ◽  
Soon Beng Chew
Keyword(s):  
Labor Movement ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government

This paper makes the distinction between micro-focused unions and macro-focused unions, with the latter emphasizing full employment and competitiveness for the economy. It examines the micro-foundation of the macro-focused labor movement, which calls for certain conditions or arrangements conducive to, and the instruments needed for, the establishment and survival of macro-focused unions. The consequences and outcomes in an industrial relations regime in which macro-focused unions prevail are also examined, and measures for countering the free rider problem suggested. The main conclusion is that a macro-focused labor movement is a strategic partner with the government in enhancing international competitiveness, an option which is superior to an exchange rate policy.

LESS THAN THEY BARGAINED FOR: UNION BARGAINING FEES IN CERTIFIED AGREEMENTS- A MATTER OF LAW, POLITICS OR PUBLIC POLICY?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
GUY DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
High Court ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
The Government

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>The High Court of Australia’s decision in </span><span>Electrolux No 3</span><span>, combined with the Australian government’s changes to workplace relations law, has en- sured that unions are prohibited from charging bargaining fees. The gov- ernment claimed to have prohibited the fees on the basis that they offend the principle of “freedom of association”. However, the government failed to consider other policy considerations and considerable international precedents that suggest if bargaining fees are limited to an amount cover- ing bargaining services alone, they provide unions with a beneficial source of financial security, whilst also overcoming the free-rider problem and maintaining respect for the concept of voluntary unionism. Therefore, it is perhaps incorrect to suggest that the prohibition of bargaining fees was prescribed by the government on the basis of some overriding concern for the freedom of association. Rather it seems more realistic to suggest that freedom of association was the guise under which the government was able to further marginalise the role of unions in industrial relations in or- der to promote its own ideological and economic agenda</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>

Producing dynamic growth is the task ahead

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Flexible Labor ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Industries

The first stage of transition in the Czech Republic is over. This country has a market economy and it is working. The second stage of transformation is the rapid catch-up with Western Europe. The main steps may be following: The first involves macro-economic policies, especially exchange rate policy. Exchange rate policy should be managed consistently to protect the competitiveness of export industries. The second item is tax policy. The government spending should be compatible with the level of development and the level of income - it should be in the order of 25 - 30 %. Pension reform. Flexible labor markets. Market access. Infrastructure. Transport, communications.

Political Centralization and Labour Coercion: Latin America and Russia in Comparative Perspective

Itinerario ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pastore ◽  
Herman Freudenberger
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Transactions Costs ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
The Government

Government requires coercion, if only to arrest free riding. Physical coercion alone may not suffice for this purpose, however, and ideological means may be needed as well. This basic principle underlies all government. In market economies the coercive capabilities of government may be expected to be financed out of taxes ultimately levied on factor owners' money incomes, that is, on wages, profits, and rent. On the other hand, in economies where markets have not developed due to high transactions costs individuals' contributions to the provision of public goods will take the form of payments in kind and labour services. In this case, the free rider problem suggests labourers will attempt to shirk; the government, therefore, will have to compel labourers to work and, therefore, will appear to be coercing labour even though it may only be seeking to curtail shirking.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF INFLATIONARY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Elena Igorevna Kozyrenko ◽  
Ariadna Alexandrovna Starokozeva ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment

Managing inflation is a major problem for monetary and economic policy, as it is difficult to simultaneously combat inflation and to develop a permanent mechanism of its control. At the moment Russia is in crisis, because foreign means of payment replace the national currency, which leads to the deterioration of the national economy. Each state strives for stable and low inflation. Anti-inflation regulation uses deflationary policy, income policy and exchange rate policy as the advanced methods. A state may apply the adaptive policy, when the population adapts to the increased prices and the government reduces tax rates and payments. The analysis of inflation processes and inflation expectations showed that in Russia the primary devaluation effect (2014-2015) was weakened by 2016 due to the drop of market demand andgradually exhausted. Consequently, the Russian economy in 2016 reached the historic lows and amounted to 5.4% - the lowest level over a quarter of a century. According to the conducted research, it can be inferred that the development of economy of the Russian Federation develops under a conservative scenario. In terms of this scenario, during the period from 2018 to 2023 inflation will be slightly higher than in the innovation scenario and will make on average 4.8%. In the future, much will depend on the scenario of the development of the global economic crisis. There are possible various inflationary excesses, but their nature will be very limited in time and scope and won’t become a serious problem for the population and economy of the country.

Labour Relations in the New Economic Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N R Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Government

The process of rationalization and liberalization dominating the government's new economic policy (NEP) is an inevitable part of India's need to exist and grow with dignity in the emerging global economy. While this implies freedom and flexibility for industry, this has also led to incidence of labour redundancy, unemployment and casualization. With the government committed to full employment in the current five-year plan and the trade unions bearing a crucial social responsibility to protect workers' interests, the industrial relations issues involved in NEP need to be resolved amicably. This paper by N R Sheth examines these issues in detail and discusses the need for a meaningful dialogue among the various concerned parties in an atmosphere of mutual trust.

The Upshot of Money Supply and Inflation in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Amassoma Ditimi ◽  
Keji Sunday ◽  
Onyedikachi O. Emma-Ebere
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government

Abstract This study empirically investigates the upshot of money supply on inflation in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning from 1970 to 2016. Co-integration and Autoregressive Dynamic Error Correction Model (ADLECM) approach was utilized. The results showed that money supply does not considerably influence inflation both in the long and short run possibly because the country is in recession. The ECM has the correct sign of negative and it is significant meaning that about 21% of the errors are corrected yearly. The Granger causality outcome demonstrates that, there is no causality between money supply and inflation in Nigeria within the study period and vice-versa. The implication of this is often that there are different economic conditions which are key determinant of inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should diversify the economy, minimize importation by encouraging local production of products and services. The CBN should guarantee an exchange rate policy that is essentially determined by the state of the economy and not by speculators being a net importation economy. Also, the CBN should look inwards into the current interest rate and see how it can be regulated in such a way that will encourage private and foreign investors to be able to invest in the country. This in turn, successively increases income, infrastructure development and economic growth at large.

The Iranian Foreign Exchange Policy And The Black Market for Dollars

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hashem Pesaran
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Official Exchange Rate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Revenues

As a result of the oil price shocks, the 1979 revolution, and the eight-year war with Iraq, fundamental changes have taken place in Iran's foreign exchange position as well as in its exchange rate policy. The viable data over the period 1979–1980 to 1988–1989 clearly show that, despite the revolutionary rhetoric, very little has been done to reduce the country's dependence on oil exports as a source of foreign exchange and government revenues. Instead, in the face of falling oil revenues and the country's increasing international isolation, coupled with the regime's unwillingness to incur foreign debt, the government has adopted a severe ‘import compression’ policy through selective tariffs and quotas, strict control of private and government imports by means of import licenses, and the imposition of foreign exchange allocations on government agencies. The result has been an ever-rising premium on the U.S. dollar in the ‘black’ market, a highly overvalued official exchange rate, a substantial increase in rent-seeking activities at the expense of production, a severe misallocation of resources, and loss of output and industrial capacity.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis Of The Determinants Of Exchange Rate In Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oke, Michale Ojo. ◽  
Adetan, Taiwo Temitayo
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government

This study examined empirically the determinants of exchange rate in Nigeria using the ARDL Bounds test approach to co-integration for the period spanning 1986-2016. The result of the analysis shows that the gross domestic product (GDP), Interest rate (INT) and inflation rate (INF) have positive effect on exchange rate in Nigeria while degree of openness (DOP) recorded a negative effect on exchange rate (EXR) in Nigeria. The Error Correction Mechanism result appeared to be correctly signed and significant. The study therefore concluded that gross domestic product, interest rate and inflation rate are the major determinant of exchange rate in Nigeria under the study period. It is therefore recommended that government should focus more on production of goods and services that can be exported and also introduce policies that can discourage importation of goods into the country. The government must pursue a realistic and pragmatic exchange rate policy in  the  less  free  trade areas that would stem capital  flight and  ensure more investment in the Nigerian economy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document