BRIDGING VITAL SIGNS AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS FOR RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED EPIDEMIC CONTROL

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 469-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAOYANG ZHANG ◽  
HONGGANG WANG ◽  
KEN C. K. LEE ◽  
HUA FANG
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Critical Node Identification ◽  
Active Can ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

This paper proposes a new approach that uses people's social interaction behavior collected by mobile phones and vital signs collected by wireless body area networks (WBAN) for epidemic control. By this approach, infectious people who are socially active can be quickly identified to be quarantined. To realize this approach, we introduce a notion of critical network and critical node identification algorithm. Observing some resource constraints such as quarantine cost and hardware limitation, we focus on optimizing the proposed approach such that high epidemic control effectiveness is achieved while the corresponding overhead is minimized. Our simulation results demonstrate that our approach can effectively control the spread of epidemic diseases in various situations.

Brains that Fire Together Wire Together: Interbrain Plasticity Underlies Learning in Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842199668
Author(s):  
Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Experience

Social interactions are powerful determinants of learning. Yet the field of neuroplasticity is deeply rooted in probing changes occurring in synapses, brain structures, and networks within an individual brain. Here I synthesize disparate findings on network neuroplasticity and mechanisms of social interactions to propose a new approach for understanding interaction-based learning that focuses on the dynamics of interbrain coupling. I argue that the facilitation effect of social interactions on learning may be explained by interbrain plasticity, defined here as the short- and long-term experience-dependent changes in interbrain coupling. The interbrain plasticity approach may radically change our understanding of how we learn in social interactions.

Intelligent Bed Sheet Detects Respiratory Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nicholson ◽  
Olivia Lin ◽  
Edward Shim
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Sensor Validation ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

A new technology using an intelligent bed sheet made of fabric sensors is described as a novel advancement that supports wireless and continuous monitoring of vital signs without requiring wire attachments to the body. The intelligent bed sheet developed by Studio 1 Labs Inc. (Studio 1 Labs), can be used to support three distinct groups: i) healthcare institutions with human resource constraints, ii) caregivers who provide care for seniors, infants and children at home, and iii) independent seniors who prefer to age in place. This article describes two complementary research phases using the intelligent bed sheet to detect heart rate, respiratory rate, and respiratory effort. The first phase explores sensor validation from the intelligent bed sheet with preset respiratory conditions from high technology mannequins. The second phase involves a use case with healthy young adults comparing between physiological signals from the bed sheet with standard nursing protocols of manual counts and a pulse oximeter approved by Health Canada.

scholarly journals New approach needed for diagnosis of human brucellosis in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Aicha Qasmaoui ◽  
Bouchra Belkadi ◽  
Farida Ohmani ◽  
Karima Halout ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Human brucellosis is an infectious disease, caused by different species of the genus Brucella. It is a mandatory notifiable disease in most countries, including Morocco, and thus requires special vigilance on the part of health agencies. Prevention of this disease is based on surveillance and prevention of risk factors. Its management is based on serological or other diagnostic tests. The National Laboratory of Epidemic Diseases received 17 blood samples of human origin for notified cases of brucellosis in a region of southern Morocco. Biological confirmation of these samples was performed by Rose Bengal test and ELISA IgM test. The results showed a positivity rate of 88% proving the important role of serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Other rapid and efficient techniques are becoming essential for the confirmation of cases, taking into account the advanced biosafety procedures for these highly infectious pathogens.

scholarly journals Centralized resource allocation with the possibility of downsizing in two-stage network production systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Yadollahi ◽  
Reza Kazemi Matin
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
Component Processes

The network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) technique has been recently developed to measure the relative efficiency of complex production systems. NDEA models provide more meaningful and informative results in comparison to the conventional black-box DEA approach that ignores the operations of the component processes. Regarding the centralized decision-making systems, normal management imposes common resource constraints to maximize produced outputs and minimize consumed inputs. The present study seeks to introduce new centralized resource allocation models in two-stage network production systems. This intra-organizational perspective also provides the possibility of closing down some of the existing units to improve system efficiency. To do so, three scenarios of centralized DEA models are introduced to take advantage of this possibility. A simple numerical example is used for illustration purposes. An empirical application of the proposed approach to the twenty branches of a university is also presented to show the applicability of the new approach.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges Arising from Holiday Clubs Tackling Children’s Hunger in the UK: Pilot Club Leader Perspectives

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E. Holley ◽  
Carolynne Mason ◽  
Emma Haycraft
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Children’S Wellbeing ◽  
Club Sports ◽  
Club Leader ◽  
Leader Perspectives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work

With the school holidays being recognised as a high-risk time for children to experience food insecurity, there is a growing prevalence of school holiday initiatives that include free food. However, information is lacking into what constitutes effective practice in their delivery, and how this can be evaluated. This paper provides insight from individuals who implemented a pilot of a national project which provided free food for children at UK community summer holiday sports clubs in 2016. Focus groups were conducted with all 15 leaders of the holiday clubs that participated in the pilot to understand: (1) what opportunities are provided by community holiday sports clubs which include free food; (2) what challenges arose as a result of offering free food within a broader community holiday club sports offer. Results indicate that offering free food at such clubs creates multiple opportunities for attending children, including: experiencing social interactions around food; enhancing food experiences and food confidence; and promoting positive behaviour. However, free food provision is associated with challenges including resource constraints and tensions around project aims. Future work should determine whether holiday clubs can positively impact children’s wellbeing and healthy eating.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Assessing Secure and Vulnerable Areas in Central Urban Neighborhoods Based on Social-Groups’ Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Dalit Shach-Pinsly ◽  
Tamar Ganor
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Personal Security

Current urban planning of central neighborhoods is focused on mobility transformation towards more sustainable methods of public transportation and walkability that increase social interactions. Central urban neighborhoods in many cities may suffer from deterioration due to lack of personal security that result in diminished walkability. The lack of personal security might exclude residents from those areas and create a troublesome circle of deterioration, and may emphasize spatial inequality. It may also establish different patterns of the neighborhood infrastructure usage for different social groups, such as using specifically more secure streets and public spaces. The main goal of this paper is to define the routes and spaces where people walk and use in their neighborhoods in which they feel safe, and to understand how different social groups walk-through and use the same urban environment. This is analyzed by the security rating index (SRI) model, a GIS-based mapping model, which is used to identify and rate secure urban areas for better walkability. The SRI results are compared to an interview, which was given to different social-group representatives, urban data that was collected using a mobile application, and to vandalism data analysis from the municipality. The security and walkability analysis assessment took place in the Hadar neighborhood in Haifa, Israel.

scholarly journals Boys’ Experience of Physical Education When Their Gender Is in a Strong Minority

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Lagestad ◽  
Eero Ropo ◽  
Tonje Bratbakk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Third

A literature search indicates an absence of research into boy’s experiences of physical education (PE) in classes in which there is a significant majority of girls. The aim of the study was to examine how boys in such classes experience their PE lessons. The methodological approach was qualitative, and data were collected with interviews of 13 boys in classes with more than 90% girls at a Norwegian high school. The data were analyzed with QSR NVivo 10 (London), focused on creating categories of meaning, in which students’ experiences were taken as subjectively true. The data are based on subjective constructions, which students constructed as part of their own interpretations and reflections on what had occurred in PE at the school. Results of the study came out in the form of three main findings. Two of those relate to a negative experience and the third to a positive experience of PE. The boys mostly felt that they are physically superior and have to consider the girls. Furthermore, the boys reported little challenge and feelings of mastery while being together with passive girls who are allowed to choose the activities. However, the boys found it easier to show off in front of the teachers and classmates when there were just a few boys in the class. The results are discussed in relation to gender-related theory on how the respondents are producing a traditional male gender in PE through their mastery, strength, and ambition to compete. We suggest a new approach of teaching that is more student-centered. A strategy could be to include other activities than sport-based activities into PE – activities that do not require strength and other athletic skills leading to feelings of hegemonic masculinity. A larger focus on social interactions during PE classes – activities in which students’ sex is not as important as in traditional teacher- and sport-centered PE classes, may be a good strategy.

scholarly journals Design and Modeling of Resource-constrained IoT based Body Area Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-514
Author(s):  
Saniya Zahoor ◽  
Roohie Naaz Mir
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Energy Processing ◽  
And Storage

Due to the recent advancement and development of sensing, wireless, and communication technologies, therehas been a shift in attention towards Body Area Networks (BANs). One of the most important services of BAN is the remote monitoring of patients, enabling doctors to observe, diagnose, and prescribe the patients without being physically present. Various vital signs are being monitored by body sensing devices installed inside, on or off the body of patients, but most of these devices are constrained in terms of resources such as storage, processing, bandwidth, and energy due to their smaller size. This paper aims at highlighting the key findings related to BAN applications, constrained resources, and various resource management techniques. The paper also presents the design and modeling of a resource-constrained BAN system and discusses the various scenarios of BAN in the context of resource constraints. It further proposes an Advanced Edge Clustering (AEC) approach to manage the resources such as energy, storage, and processing of BAN devices while performing real-time data capture of critical health parameters and detection of abnormal patterns. The comparison of the AEC approach is done with the Stable Election Protocol (SEP) through simulations and empirical data analysis. The results show an improvement in energy, processing time and storage requirements for the processing of data on BAN devices in AEC as compared to SEP.

scholarly journals A unified activities-based approach to the modelling of viral epidemics and COVID-19 as an illustrative example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulii D. Shikhmurzaev ◽  
Vladislav D. Shikhmurzaev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA new approach to formulating mathematical models of increasing complexity to describe the dynamics of viral epidemics is proposed. The approach utilizes a map of social interactions characterizing the population and its activities and, unifying the compartmental and the stochastic viewpoints, offers a framework for incorporating both the patterns of behaviour studied by sociological surveys and the clinical picture of a particular infection, both for the virus itself and the complications it causes. The approach is illustrated by taking a simple mathematical model developed in its framework and applying it to the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), with the UK as a representative country, to assess the impact of the measures of social distancing imposed to control its course.

Abstract WP505: Post tPA Neuro Vital Signs, a New Approach With the Help of an Old Friend, Part 2

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Lee ◽  
Mary K Broadway ◽  
Stephanie W Jeansonne
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
New Approach
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