scholarly journals Holographic quantum singularity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150212
Author(s):  
Izumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Holographic Model ◽  
Phase Ambiguity ◽  
Characteristic Energy ◽  
Entropy Correction ◽  
Topological State

In this study, we addressed the influence of quantum singularity on the topological state. The quantum singularity creates the defect in the momentum space ubiquitously and leads to the phase transition for the topological material. The kinetic equation reveals that the defect generates an anomaly without the characteristic energy scale. In the holographic model, the three-dimensional dislocations map into the gravitational bulk as domain walls extending along the AdS radial direction from the boundary. The creation/annihilation of the domain wall causes the quantum phase transition by ’t Hooft anomaly generation and is controlled by the gauge field. In other words, the phase transition is realized by the anomaly inflow. This ’t Hooft anomaly is caused by a phase ambiguity of the ground state resulting from the singularity in parameter space. This singularity gives the basis for the boundary’s topological state with the Berry connection. ’t Hooft anomaly’s renormalization group invariance shows that the total Berry flux is conserved in the UV layer to the IR layer. Phase transition entails domain wall constitution, which generates the entropy from the non-universal form or quantum entropy correction.

scholarly journals S-duality wall of SQCD from Toda braiding

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Le Floch
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Gauge Group ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertex Operators ◽  
Dual Operator ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Agt Correspondence

Abstract Exact field theory dualities can be implemented by duality domain walls such that passing any operator through the interface maps it to the dual operator. This paper describes the S-duality wall of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 SU(N) SQCD with 2N hypermultiplets in terms of fields on the defect, namely three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 SQCD with gauge group U(N − 1) and 2N flavours, with a monopole superpotential. The theory is self-dual under a duality found by Benini, Benvenuti and Pasquetti, in the same way that T[SU(N)] (the S-duality wall of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super Yang-Mills) is self-mirror. The domain-wall theory can also be realized as a limit of a USp(2N − 2) gauge theory; it reduces to known results for N = 2. The theory is found through the AGT correspondence by determining the braiding kernel of two semi-degenerate vertex operators in Toda CFT.

scholarly journals Gravitational wave signatures from domain wall and strong first-order phase transitions in a two complex scalar extension of the Standard Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Paul ◽  
Upala Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Debasish Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Mass Eigenstates ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Physical Mass ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We consider a simple extension of Standard Model by adding two complex singlet scalars with a U(1) symmetry. A discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$ Z 2 × Z 2 ′ symmetry is imposed in the model and the added scalars acquire a non zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) when the imposed symmetry is broken spontaneously. The real (CP even) parts of the complex scalars mix with the SM Higgs and give three physical mass eigenstates. One of these physical mass eigenstates is attributed to the SM like Higgs boson with mass 125.09 GeV. In the present scenario, domain walls are formed in the early Universe due to the breaking of discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$ Z 2 × Z 2 ′ symmetry. In order to ensure the unstability of the domain wall this discrete symmetry is also explicitly broken by adding a bias potential to the Lagrangian. The unstable annihilating domain walls produce a significant amount of gravitational waves (GWs). In addition, we also explore the possibility of the production of GW emission from the strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the intensities and frequencies of each of such gravitational waves originating from two different phenomena of the early Universe namely annihilating domain walls and strong first-order phase transition. Finally, we investigate the observational signatures from these GWs at the future GW detectors such as ALIA, BBO, DECIGO, LISA, TianQin, Taiji, aLIGO, aLIGO+ and pulsar timing arrays such as SKA, IPTA, EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav11 and NANOGrav12.5.

scholarly journals Interconversion of multiferroic domains and domain walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hassanpour ◽  
M. C. Weber ◽  
Y. Zemp ◽  
L. Kuerten ◽  
A. Bortis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Topological Singularities ◽  
Ordered State

AbstractSystems with long-range order like ferromagnetism or ferroelectricity exhibit uniform, yet differently oriented three-dimensional regions called domains that are separated by two-dimensional topological defects termed domain walls. A change of the ordered state across a domain wall can lead to local non-bulk physical properties such as enhanced conductance or the promotion of unusual phases. Although highly desirable, controlled transfer of these properties between the bulk and the spatially confined walls is usually not possible. Here, we demonstrate this crossover by confining multiferroic Dy0.7Tb0.3FeO3 domains into multiferroic domain walls at an identified location within a non-multiferroic environment. This process is fully reversible; an applied magnetic or electric field controls the transformation. Aside from expanding the concept of multiferroic order, such interconversion can be key to addressing antiferromagnetic domain structures and topological singularities.

scholarly journals PHASE TRANSITIONS, DOMAIN WALLS, AND DARK MATTER

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (13n16) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062
Author(s):  
W-Y. P. HWANG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Complex Scalar ◽  
Qcd Phase Transition

We discuss possible roles in the Early Universe of the electroweak (EW) phase transition, which endows masses to the various particles, and the QCD phase transition, which gives rise to quark confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Both phase transitions are well-established phenomena in the standard model of particle physics. Presumably, the EW phase transition would have taken place in the early universe at around 10-11sec, or at the temperature of about 300 GeV while QCD phase transition occurred between 10-5sec and 10-4sec, or at about 150 MeV. In this article, I wish to model the EW or QCD phase transition in the early universe as driven by a complex scalar field with spontaneous symmetry breaking such that the continuous degeneracy of the true ground states can be well represented. Specific interest has been directed to nucleation of domains, production of domain walls, and subsequent re-organization of domain walls resulting in "domain-wall nuggets". It is suggested that the domain-wall nuggets contribute to dark matter in the present Universe.

Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains in KTiOPO4 Single Crystals by Synchrotron X-RAY Topography

1993 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Dudley ◽  
L.K. Cheng ◽  
J.D. Bierlein ◽  
W. Bindloss
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Main Components

AbstractThe application of synchrotron white beam X-ray topography to the study of ferroelectric domain structures in hydrothermally grown potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4: KTP) single crystals is reported. The domain walls can be exclusively imaged on topographs with selected diffraction vectors and X-ray wavelengths, while images of other defects, such as dislocations, inclusions and surface scratches, can be simultaneously made very diffuse. The topographic images correspond well with electrostatic toning images. X-ray topography readily reveals the three dimensional shapes of the domain walls. There are two contributions to domain wall contrast: one is fringe-like which can be interpreted in terms of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, and the other is diffuse strain contrast arising from long range strain associated with the wall. These two contributions can be observed simultaneously or separately depending on the diffraction conditions. The long range strain is thought to be associated with the curvature of the domain walls. It appears that the main components of the displacement field associated with this strain are directed approximately perpendicular to the domain wall.

scholarly journals Living on the walls of super-QCD

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bashmakov ◽  
Francesco Benini ◽  
Sergio Benvenuti ◽  
Matteo Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gauge Group ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Special Values ◽  
Effective Dynamics ◽  
Chern Simons ◽  
Second Order Phase Transition

We study BPS domain walls in four-dimensional N=1N=1 massive SQCD with gauge group SU(N)SU(N) and F<NF<N flavors. We propose a class of three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories to describe the effective dynamics on the walls. Our proposal passes several checks, including the exact matching between its vacua and the solutions to the four-dimensional BPS domain wall equations, that we solve in the small mass regime. As the flavor mass is varied, domain walls undergo a second-order phase transition, where multiple vacua coalesce into a single one. For special values of the parameters, the phase transition exhibits supersymmetry enhancement. Our proposal includes and extends previous results in the literature, providing a complete picture of BPS domain walls for F<NF<N massive SQCD. A similar picture holds also for SQCD with gauge group Sp(N)Sp(N) and F < N+1F<N+1 flavors.

The direct determination of magnetic domain wall profiles using a split detector STEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
P.E. Batson ◽  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron

By far the most commonly used mode of Lorentz microscopy in the examination of ferromagnetic thin films is the Fresnel or defocus mode. Use of this mode in the conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) is straightforward and immediately reveals the existence of all domain walls present. However, if such quantitative information as the domain wall profile is required, the technique suffers from several disadvantages. These include the inability to directly observe fine image detail on the viewing screen because of the stringent illumination coherence requirements, the difficulty of accurately translating part of a photographic plate into quantitative electron intensity data, and, perhaps most severe, the difficulty of interpreting this data. One solution to the first-named problem is to use a CTEM equipped with a field emission gun (FEG) (Inoue, Harada and Yamamoto 1977) whilst a second is to use the equivalent mode of image formation in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) (Chapman, Batson, Waddell, Ferrier and Craven 1977), a technique which largely overcomes the second-named problem as well.

The need of electron microscopy in the study of domains and domain walls in ferroelectrics

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Wenwu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Polarization Vector ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Nonlocal Coupling ◽  
Cubic Symmetry ◽  
Gradient Energy

Domain structures play a key role in determining the physical properties of ferroelectric materials. The formation of these ferroelectric domains and domain walls are determined by the intrinsic nonlinearity and the nonlocal coupling of the polarization. Analogous to soliton excitations, domain walls can have high mobility when the domain wall energy is high. The domain wall can be describes by a continuum theory owning to the long range nature of the dipole-dipole interactions in ferroelectrics. The simplest form for the Landau energy is the so called ϕ model which can be used to describe a second order phase transition from a cubic prototype,where Pi (i =1, 2, 3) are the components of polarization vector, α's are the linear and nonlinear dielectric constants. In order to take into account the nonlocal coupling, a gradient energy should be included, for cubic symmetry the gradient energy is given by,

Ni-doping induced phase transition and electron evolution in cobalt hexacyanoferrate as a stable cathode for sodium ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Quan ◽  
Enze Xu ◽  
Hanwen Zhu ◽  
Yajing Chang ◽  
Yi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Ni Doping ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogues ◽  
Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate

Prussian blue analogues are potential competitive energy storage materials due to its diverse metal combinations and wide three-dimensional ion channels. Here, we prepared a new high crystalline monoclinic nickel doped...

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