INNOVATION DIFFUSION: MOBILE TELEPHONY ADOPTION IN CHINA

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIELIN LIU ◽  
FENG-SHANG WU ◽  
WEN-LIN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Rapid Diffusion ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Fixed Line

The rapid diffusion of mobile telephony is an important subject in diffusion studies of innovation. This study attempts to learn how mobile telephony diffuses in China, which has the most mobile telephone subscribers worldwide, in terms of the appropriate growth model and forces driving the diffusion. To identify the appropriate growth model, this study compares the fitness and forecasting ability of three conventional models — the Logistic, Bass, and Gompertz models. The determinants of the diffusion rate are then analyzed based on the most appropriate model. Empirical results, based on data for mobile telephone subscribers in China for 1986–2007, indicate that the Gompertz model performs best. Moreover, the four determinants for the diffusion rate are: number of fixed-line telephone subscribers, the low cost of mobile handsets, pre-paid service and the personal handy-phone system (PHS) service.

scholarly journals Statistical Models for Mobile Telephony Growth in Oman

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M.I. ◽  
Almamri A. .
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Error Measures ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Fixed Line

This study examines the growth of mobile telephony in Oman and investigates the determinants of this growth. The growth rates were estimated by fitting four statistical models namely, Logistic, Gompertz, Exponential and Autoregressive to fifteen years of data on annual numbers of mobile subscribers. The in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting performance of these models was assessed by Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Square Error measures. Based on this criterion it was observed that the Gompertz model outperformed the other models under consideration and gave the minimum forecast error. This model was then used to estimate the speed of diffusion which was regressed on potential factors that could affect the growth of mobile telephony. The factors considered were fixed line service, prepaid service, per capita income, consumer price index and the number of operators. All these factors were found to have significant effect on the speed of diffusion of the mobile telephony in Oman.

scholarly journals A generalized Gompertz growth model with applications and related birth-death processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Asadi ◽  
Antonio Di Crescenzo ◽  
Farkhondeh A. Sajadi ◽  
Serena Spina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
First Case ◽  
Gompertz Growth Model ◽  
Birth Death

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a flexible growth model that constitutes a suitable generalization of the well-known Gompertz model. We perform an analysis of various features of interest, including a sensitivity analysis of the initial value and the three parameters of the model. We show that the considered model provides a good fit to some real datasets concerning the growth of the number of individuals infected during the COVID-19 outbreak, and software failure data. The goodness of fit is established on the ground of the ISRP metric and the $$d_2$$ d 2 -distance. We also analyze two time-inhomogeneous stochastic processes, namely a birth-death process and a birth process, whose means are equal to the proposed growth curve. In the first case we obtain the probability of ultimate extinction, being 0 an absorbing endpoint. We also deal with a threshold crossing problem both for the proposed growth curve and the corresponding birth process. A simulation procedure for the latter process is also exploited.

PENGARUH ISOPROPIL MYRISTAT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENINGKAT PENETRASI TERHADAP LAJU DIFUSI KRIM PEMUTIH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Nurul Arfiyanti Yusuf ◽  
Aisyah Fatmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Mulberry Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells

The research has conducted research on the effectiveness of isopropyl myristat as a penetration enhancer on the diffusion rate of whitening cream mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L) in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of isopropyl myristat. Mulberry leaf extract cream made with varying concentrations respectively 3%, 4%, 5% Isopropyl myristat as penetration enhancers made into 3 formulas (F1-F4) with the F1 without penetration enhancers. Evaluation of stability before and after accelerated storage includes observation of the organoleptic, emulsion type determination, measurement of pH, and viscosity. The evaluation results indicate four physically stable formula. In vitro diffusion studies conducted by Franz diffusion cells and footage is measured at a wavelength of 367.4 nm. The results of diffusion studies show that formula with the highest diffusion rate of 0.024 µg/minute on F4 (5% isopropyl myristat).

Why Where You Are Matters

2011 ◽  
pp. 222-236
Author(s):  
David Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
First Century ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Global Expansion ◽  
Twenty First Century

The traceability of bodies and goods has become a central feature of surveillance systems in the twenty-first century. This heightened visibility is made possible by numerous technical means but among the most important is the global expansion of mobile telephony. By this means, for example, employers may trace the location of employees, parents of children, marketers of consumers and police of suspects. How this happens involuntarily, how it builds on the ‘mundane mobilities’ of voluntarily acknowledging the location of the caller, what its consequences are for the increased transparency of, and digital discrimination among, mobile telephone users, is discussed in the context of broad theories of surveillance today. These technologies are in constant development, that simultaneously renders them more effective as surveillance devices and they are thus of more than mere academic interest.

Broadcast Quality Video Contribution in Mobility

2011 ◽  
pp. 1199-1212
Author(s):  
José Ramón Cerquides Bueno ◽  
Antonio Foncubierta Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
3G Networks ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Mobile Phone Networks ◽  
High Flexibility

The continuous growth of the available throughput, specially in the uplink of mobile phone networks is opening the doors to new services and business opportunities without references in the past. In more concrete, new standards HSDPA/HSUPA, introduced to complement and enhance 3G networks, together with the advances in audio and specially video coding, like those adopted by the standard H.264 AVC have boosted the appearance of a new service: exploiting the mobile telephony networks for contributing broadcast quality videos. This new service is offering just now a low cost, high flexibility alternative that, in a brief period of time, will substitute the current Electronic News Gathering (ENG) Units, giving rise to what is being to be called Wireless Journalism (WENG1 or WiNG2). This chapter discusses both the technologies involved and the business opportunities offered by this sector. Once reviewed the state of the art, different solutions will be compared, some of them recently appeared as commercial solutions, like QuickLink 3.5G Live Encoder3 or AirNow!4 and others still in research and development processes.

Mobile Telephony in Sub-Saharan Africa

2007 ◽  
pp. 605-610
Author(s):  
P. Ifinedo
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Wave Transmission ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Mobile Telephones ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

A mobile telephone is a telecommunications device that connects its user to a network using a wireless radio wave transmission technology. In some parts of the world, mobile phones are known as cellular phones. Mobile telephones were first introduced in the mid-1980s (Marcussen, 2002; Sadeh & Sadeh, 2002; Sarker & Wells, 2003). Mobile telephony is diffusing globally due to a variety of reasons, including cost advantages in setting up the system compared to landlines, its small-sized nature, portability, and its ability to foster and enhance social relationships, among others (Plant, n.d.; Marcussen, 2002; Sadeh & Sadeh, 2002; Sarker & Wells, 2003; ITU, 2004; Anonymous, 2006). According to reports by ITU (2004), the percentage of total telephone subscribers that are mobile telephone subscribers has been increasing over the last five years. In 2005, mobile telephone subscribers were approximately 62% of total telephone subscribers for the five regions of the world.

Mobile telephone use in Italy in the 1990s: interpretative models

Modern Italy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Fausto Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Mobile Telephones ◽  
Current Spread

SummaryThe spread of mobile telephones in Italy is examined as a typical technological phenomenon and is contextualized in the theoretical literature on technological change. A brief introduction is followed by a historical account of the growth of mobile telephony and then by an examination of its current spread and likely future development. After this, two interpretative models are put forward which, it is suggested, may be used both in this particular case and for any form of technologically mediated communication (TMC): the butterfly paradigm (applied to the spread of a technology), and the circuit synergy paradigm (applied to the relative importance of individual factors in the process of diffusion).

scholarly journals Selecting the best growth model for elasmobranches

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ming Liu ◽  
Chiao-Bin Wu ◽  
Shoou-Jeng Joung ◽  
Wen-Pei Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Two Parameter

Age and growth information is essential for accurate stock assessment of fish, and growth model selection may influence the result of stock assessment. Previous descriptions of the age and growth of elasmobranches relied mainly on the von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM). However, it has been noted that sharks, skates and rays exhibit significant variety in size, shape, and life-history traits. Given this variation, the VBGM may not necessarily provide the best fit for all elasmobranches. This study attempts to improve the accuracy of age estimates by testing four growth models—the VBGM, two-parameter VBGM, Robertson (Logistic) and Gompertz models—to fit observed and simulated length-at-age data for 37 species of elasmobranches. The best growth model was selected based on corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc), the AICc difference, and the AICc weight. The VBGM and two-parameter VBGM provide the best fit for species with slow growth and extended longevity (L∞ > 100 cm TL, 0.05 < k < 0.15 yr-1), such as pelagic sharks. For fast-growing small sharks (L∞ < 100 cm TL, kr or kg > 0.2 yr-1) in deep waters and for small-sized demersal skates/rays, the Robertson and the Gompertz models provide the best fit. The best growth models for small sharks in shallow waters are the two-parameter VBGM and the Robertson model, while all the species best fit by the Gompertz model are skates and rays.

Mobile Telephony and Economic Growth in Developing Economies

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Virta ◽  
Kaisu Puumalainen ◽  
Anni Tuppura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Fixed Line

This chapter investigates the influence of mobile phone penetration on economic growth in developing economies. It is widely agreed that telecommunications infrastructure has a positive effect on GDP growth. The empirical evidence concerns mainly fixed line telephony and is mostly conducted with samples from developed countries. Mobile telephony, on the other hand, may be particularly important in those low-income countries, where landlines are not accessible to all. As there also is some evidence that mobile technology may encourage innovative entrepreneurial activity, it is likely that mobile telephony has a great positive impact on welfare especially in developing economies. To examine the role of mobile telephone penetration in economic growth, we use difference and system GMM estimators with a sample of low-income and lower middle-income countries and find mobile telephony to boost economic growth. This result suggests that extensive mobile cellular network coverage facilitates economic development in developing countries.

scholarly journals An Experiment on Image Transmission to an Icebreaker (Abstract)

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
O. Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
The Baltic

Finland has such a climate that all its harbours in the Baltic Sea are frozen every winter. Ice may sometimes be more than 1 m thick, as it was in the Bay of Bothnia, the northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea, during the winter of 1985. The Finnish Institute of Marine Research has used the imagery of the Tiros-N series of satellites successfully in sea-ice mapping for some years. In the Institute daily ice charts have been prepared and sent by facsimile to icebreakers in the Baltic Sea. In 1985, an experiment was conducted to transmit the same imagery to an icebreaker operating in the Bay of Bothnia. Existing telecommunication networks were used. The image data transmitted by NOAA-6 and NOAA-9 satellites were received at Tromsø Telemetry Station in Norway and then transmitted to Espoo in Finland. The data processing consisted of geometric correction, edge enhancement, and drawing the coastline with location symbols. The most interesting area was extracted and transmitted by NMT mobile telephone to the icebreaker. The almost real-time image transmission turned out to be useful from the point of view of icebreaker operation. The images could be used to identify cracks and narrow leads in the ice. Such very detailed information cannot be included in routine ice charts. The icebreaker can use this information for giving instructions to other ships to find easier routes. This reduces the need for icebreaker assistance. The images can also help the icebreaker to avoid wide heavily ridged areas. This experiment was at low cost and can be technically developed further. It showed that this kind of assistance for icebreakers is economically profitable for winter navigation.

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