FAILURE MECHANISM AND ITS CONTROL OF BUILDING STRUCTURES UNDER EARTHQUAKES BASED ON STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CONCEPT

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIEPING YE ◽  
ZHE QU
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
System Concept ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Mechanism Control ◽  
The Difference

By taking building structures as systems, the difference between the safety margins of a structure and that of its element is clarified and the robustness of the structure to resist unexpected disasters is discussed. The system concept is further used to introduce the concepts of importance levels and functionality levels in structural systems, the designability of structural systems is then pointed out. The local and global failure mechanisms of building structures under earthquake are summarized, and the failure mechanism control method is discussed based on the concepts of system and designability. For global failure mechanism, the desirable seismic performance is put forward, and at last some practical methods to control the seismic failure mechanism and the failure procedures are proposed based on the hierarchy concept of the structural system.

Examples of Shaping for Large Span Roofs and High-Rise Buildings

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Janusz Rebielak
Keyword(s):  
Tall Building ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Large Span ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Slender Structure

Proposals for forming various types of bar space structures, which could be used as building structures of different functional purposes are the subjects of this paper. The systems proposed have been developed with the aim of applying them in the design of structural systems for large span covers and high-rise buildings. The essential aims of forming large span cover structures is to obtain systems which would allow building these covers using relatively short bars. In the paper some new configuations of such space structures are presented. The most important factor in the design of the structural system of a tall building is the need to provide a comparatively slender structure with appropriate great rigidity. Some proposals of application of space structures as structures of high-rise buildings are presented in the paper.

THE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS IN TURKEY AND SELECTION OF THE STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (23) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Esra BOSTANCIOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Framed Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Aim Building structures are assessed with several parameters such as cost, construction time, fire resistance, life cycle, maintenance and repair frequency, and environmental impacts. Building structures are reviewed as masonry, steel framed, wood framed, reinforced concrete framed, composite and prefabricated structures. This study aims to analyze the existing building stock of Turkey and assess the existing buildings in terms of their structural system decisions. Method: Following the comparative assessment of the types of structures based on literature review, assessment criteria for the selection of structural system are determined and a statistical analysis of the existing building stock in Turkey has been made in terms of the use of different structures. A questionnaire was prepared for the architects who decided the structural system in the design phase. Respondents evaluate the structural systems and selection criteria. Statistical analysis is made with the results of the survey. Findings: There is a clear preference for reinforced concrete framed structures in Turkey. A quantitative assessment of the structural systems in the existing buildings in Turkey by 2018 shows that 93.13% of the building stock has reinforced concrete framed. Looking at the individual years in the 2009 to 2018 period, the rate of preference of using reinforced concrete framed structures never went below 89% among all types of structures, but steel framed structure is the most preferred structural system at the end of the survey. Conclusion: It is thought-provoking that although different structures have different comparative advantages, structures other than reinforced concrete framed are preferred so little. The findings will contribute to making the right decision in building structure with the assessment of different structures in different aspects.

Uniqueness in the Identification of Building Structures from Forced Vibration Tests

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
F.E. Udwadia
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vibration ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Vibration Testing ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Shear Beam ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
Forced Vibration Testing

This paper investigates the problem of uniqueness in the identification of building structural systems from data gathered during forced-vibration testing. Modelling the structure as an undamped discrete shear beam, it is shown that if the top floor response to a known forcing function which is also applied at the same location is available, then unique identification of the structural system is possible. Several useful results on the ability to uniquely identify some, but not all, of the stiffness constants of the system have also been obtained.

scholarly journals Comparison Formwork Wood Sloof to Batako Viewed from the Aspect of Time and Cost

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Michael Tedja ◽  
Hendra Halim ◽  
Kezia Divaninta ◽  
Valentina Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Mold Making ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Concrete-Mold is one of the most important elements of a building’s structural system. Like other structural systems, the concrete mold placed right after the main wiring structure placed. The function of the concrete mold is to specify the size of the concrete structure itself. The needs of an efficient construction timeand cost are some reasons of the decent and fast development of home-design structure. Sloof’s concrete-mold for two-floor houses can be done with two different materials, i.e. wooden plywood material and bricks. The difference usage of these two materials is the background of this research. The purpose of research is to find out the best way in time and cost efficiency of these two materials. This research carried out using the method of library studies, survey, and comparative study. The result of this research showed that the cost of the brick making the job of sloof concrete mold cheaper and faster. Thus, sloof concrete mold making is one of the project solutions that are more efficient in terms of time and cost.

scholarly journals Structural Systems in local trading centers in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Osamah Abdulmunem Al-Temeemi ◽  
Anees Mohsin Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Technical Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

Structural System in trading center is considered a most important of the major components of the building, which significantly influenced in the formulation of mode and language of architecture throughout its development. It is considered the most changing of the building through the proceeding of time because of the rapid changes of the technology. And because of the importance of the trading centers and what they have of qualities that have significant effects on the beauty and attractiveness in general and on its streets in particular. Structural system hasn’t changed much throughout the ages regardless of the difference in design and its function. Therefore, the research problem arose in the form of lack of clarity in previous literature when putting out the structural system in the trading centers. Despite the numerous theses and studies that discussed the trading centers but they were recognized by the obscurity and lack of comprehensiveness when talking about structure aspects. Therefore, the research here emphasized on exploring the nature of the system of services from its technical, material and economic aspects and even the expressional aspects. Considering the influence of services system on the architecture of the trading centers of what it has of features and qualities in the way contributed in the continuity of its motifs through the time. The research has adopted the method of the analytical study for the structural system in trading centers in a comprehensive way aiming to deepen the understanding of the designer for the requirements of the components to achieve a perfect integration.

On the role of tin underlays for the prevention of thermal grooving in thin gold films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 732-733
Author(s):  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
R. E. Hummel ◽  
R. T. DeHoff
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Gold Thin Film

Gold thin film metallizations in microelectronic circuits have a distinct advantage over those consisting of aluminum because they are less susceptible to electromigration. When electromigration is no longer the principal failure mechanism, other failure mechanisms caused by d.c. stressing might become important. In gold thin-film metallizations, grain boundary grooving is the principal failure mechanism.Previous studies have shown that grain boundary grooving in gold films can be prevented by an indium underlay between the substrate and gold. The beneficial effect of the In/Au composite film is mainly due to roughening of the surface of the gold films, redistribution of indium on the gold films and formation of In2O3 on the free surface and along the grain boundaries of the gold films during air annealing.

COMPREHENSIVE REFORMING OF TECHNOLOGICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF SKIN UNITS OF HOSPITALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Владимир Григорьевич Донцов ◽  
Елена Владимировна Донцова ◽  
Любовь Анатольевна Новикова ◽  
Лариса Николаевна Борзунова
Keyword(s):  
Service System ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Structural Units

В статье доказана порочность переустройства только одной структурной системы (реструктуризации), так как это чревато поломками элементов, звеньев и блоков, сомой системы кожной службы. Допустимо лишь незначительная адаптация к конкретным условиям больниц, где это будет внедряться. Сформулированы понятия конечного результата работы врачей и структурных подразделений медицинских стационаров в современных условиях общественно-политической формации. Описаны преимущества реконструкции комплекса систем судебно-медицинской экспертизы как экспериментальной службы для кожного отделения городской многопрофильной больницы и работы самого кожного отделения. Описана форма структурного построения судебно-медицинской и кожной служб. По аналоги с экспертным учреждением ожидаются аналогичные изменение конечного результата в кожном подразделении многопрофильного стационара The article proves the viciousness of the reorganization of only one structural system (restructuring), since this is fraught with breakdowns of elements, links and blocks, the soma of the skin service system. Only slight adaptation to the specific conditions of the hospitals where it will be implemented is acceptable. The concepts of the final result of the work of doctors and structural units of medical hospitals in the modern conditions of the socio-political formation are formulated. The advantages of reconstruction of a complex of forensic medical examination systems as an experimental service for the skin department of a city multidisciplinary hospital and the work of the skin department itself are described. The form of structural structure of forensic and skin services is described. By analogy with an expert institution, a similar change in the final result is expected in the skin department of a multidisciplinary hospital

scholarly journals Parametric Analysis of the Shear Lag Effect in Tube Structural Systems of Tall Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ivan Hafner ◽  
Anđelko Vlašić ◽  
Tomislav Kišiček ◽  
Tvrtko Renić
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Shear Lag Effect ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Secondary Structural Elements

Horizontal loads such as earthquake and wind are considered dominant loads for the design of tall buildings. One of the most efficient structural systems in this regard is the tube structural system. Even though such systems have a high resistance when it comes to horizontal loads, the shear lag effect that is characterized by an incomplete and uneven activation of vertical elements may cause a series of problems such as the deformation of internal panels and secondary structural elements, which cumulatively grow with the height of the building. In this paper, the shear lag effect in a typical tube structure will be observed and analyzed on a series of different numerical models. A parametric analysis will be conducted with a great number of variations in the structural elements and building layout, for the purpose of giving recommendations for an optimal design of a tube structural system.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Quality Control Method for 2-m Temperature Observations Using Biweight Means and a Progressive EOF Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guangzhou Fan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Eof Analysis ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Quality Control Method ◽  
Quality Control Process ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The relatively smooth terrain embedded in the numerical model creates an elevation difference against the actual terrain, which in turn makes the quality control of 2-m temperature difficult when forecast or analysis fields are utilized in the process. In this paper, a two-stage quality control method is proposed to address the quality control of 2-m temperature, using biweight means and a progressive EOF analysis. The study is made to improve the quality control of the observed 2-m temperature collected by China and its neighboring areas, based on the 6-h T639 analysis from December 2009 to February 2010. Results show that the proposed two-stage quality control method can secure the needed quality control better, compared with a regular EOF quality control process. The new method is, in particular, able to remove the data that are dotted with consecutive errors but showing small fluctuations. Meanwhile, compared with the lapse rate of temperature method, the biweight mean method is able to remove the systematic bias generated by the model. It turns out that such methods make the distributions of observation increments (the difference between observation and background) more Gaussian-like, which ensures the data quality after the quality control.

Shape-driven control of layer height in robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohao Xu ◽  
Xiaodong Tan ◽  
Xizhi Gu ◽  
Donghong Ding ◽  
Yuelin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Once an uneven substrate is aligned, traditional control theories and methods can be used on it, so aligning is of great significance for the development of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). This paper aims to propose a shape-driven control method for aligning a substrate with slopes to expand the application of WAAM. Design/methodology/approach A substrate with slopes must be aligned by depositing weld beads with slopes. First, considering the large height differences of slopes, multi-layer deposition is needed, and the number of layer of weld beads must be ascertained. Second, the change in the deposition rate is controlled as a ramp function to generate weld beads with slopes. Third, the variation of the deposition rate must be fine-tuned to compensate for the deviation between the actual and theoretical layer heights at the deposition of each layer. Finally, the parameters of the ramp functions at the deposition of each layer are determined through an optimization method. Findings First, to model the response function of layer height to deposition rate, the experiments are conducted with the deposition rate jumping from 4 to 8 mm/s and from 8 to 4 mm/s. When the deposition rate jumps from 4 to 8 mm/s and from 8 to 4 mm/s, the difference in the height of each layer decreases as the number of layer increases. Second, the variation of the deposition rate can be fine-tuned based on the deviation between the measured and theoretical layer heights because the variation of the deposition rate is proportional to the layer height when the initial and end deposition rates are near 4 or 8 mm/s, respectively. Third, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for single-layer aligning and aligning a substrate with one or more slopes. Originality/value The proposed method can expand the application of WAAM to an uneven substrate with slopes and lays the foundation for aligning tasks focused on uneven substrates with more complex shapes.

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