THE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF BUILDINGS IN TURKEY AND SELECTION OF THE STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (23) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Esra BOSTANCIOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Framed Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Aim Building structures are assessed with several parameters such as cost, construction time, fire resistance, life cycle, maintenance and repair frequency, and environmental impacts. Building structures are reviewed as masonry, steel framed, wood framed, reinforced concrete framed, composite and prefabricated structures. This study aims to analyze the existing building stock of Turkey and assess the existing buildings in terms of their structural system decisions. Method: Following the comparative assessment of the types of structures based on literature review, assessment criteria for the selection of structural system are determined and a statistical analysis of the existing building stock in Turkey has been made in terms of the use of different structures. A questionnaire was prepared for the architects who decided the structural system in the design phase. Respondents evaluate the structural systems and selection criteria. Statistical analysis is made with the results of the survey. Findings: There is a clear preference for reinforced concrete framed structures in Turkey. A quantitative assessment of the structural systems in the existing buildings in Turkey by 2018 shows that 93.13% of the building stock has reinforced concrete framed. Looking at the individual years in the 2009 to 2018 period, the rate of preference of using reinforced concrete framed structures never went below 89% among all types of structures, but steel framed structure is the most preferred structural system at the end of the survey. Conclusion: It is thought-provoking that although different structures have different comparative advantages, structures other than reinforced concrete framed are preferred so little. The findings will contribute to making the right decision in building structure with the assessment of different structures in different aspects.

Vibration of structurally connected high-rise buildings under wind force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Köhserli ◽  
Péter L. Várkonyi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Tall Structures ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Structural Networks

<p>Cities are organized around various underlying networks but building structures do not follow this trend. The isolation of structural systems causes difficulties in the case of tall structures. We investigate the possibility of improving structural behaviour by organizing buildings into urban-scale structural networks, with focus on vortex-induced vibration. We review our recent work, in which randomly generated collections of high-rise buildings were examined by numerical simulation using a conceptual model of the network composed of springs and point masses. Here we examine the behaviour of a realistic collection of buildings, generated by considering the existing building stock and urban fabric of Midtown Manhattan. The new simulation results suggest that connections among the buildings would enable the application of significantly softer bracing systems. This finding suggests that urban-scale structural networks is a promising direction of urban development.</p>

Maximizing sustainability of existing buildings within limited upgrade budgets

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moatassem Abdallah ◽  
Boateng Akyeampong ◽  
Khaled El-Rayes
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Green Certification ◽  
Selection Of

Existing buildings, especially aging ones, are currently in urgent need of upgrading to improve their performance and potentially achieve green certification. Building owners often need to identify and implement building upgrades that maximize the sustainability of their buildings as well as achieve green certification programs such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). This paper presents the development of an optimization model that maximizes the number of earned LEED points for existing buildings within a specified upgrade budget. A case study of an existing building is used to demonstrate the use of the optimization model and illustrate its capabilities. This research presents new methodology for optimizing the selection of building upgrades to maximize the sustainability of existing buildings and achieve green certification within limited budgets. The present model is expected to support decision-makers, building owners and operators, building managers, and contractors to optimize the use of their upgrade budgets and maximize sustainability of their buildings.

Examples of Shaping for Large Span Roofs and High-Rise Buildings

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Janusz Rebielak
Keyword(s):  
Tall Building ◽  
Space Structures ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Large Span ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Slender Structure

Proposals for forming various types of bar space structures, which could be used as building structures of different functional purposes are the subjects of this paper. The systems proposed have been developed with the aim of applying them in the design of structural systems for large span covers and high-rise buildings. The essential aims of forming large span cover structures is to obtain systems which would allow building these covers using relatively short bars. In the paper some new configuations of such space structures are presented. The most important factor in the design of the structural system of a tall building is the need to provide a comparatively slender structure with appropriate great rigidity. Some proposals of application of space structures as structures of high-rise buildings are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals 19 May 2011 Kütahya – Simav earthquake and evaluation of existing sample RC buildings according to the TEC-2007 criteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Arslan ◽  
M. Olgun ◽  
M. A. Köroğlu ◽  
I. H. Erkan ◽  
A. Köken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Turkish Earthquake Code ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. This study examines the damage caused to reinforced concrete structures by the 2011 earthquake that occurred in Simav, Turkey. The study briefly reports on post-earthquake field observations, tectonic characteristics of the earthquake area, geotechnical characteristics of the field, and seismic characteristics of the earthquake. The main part of the study comprises a field study, material experiments, and performance analyses of two reinforced concrete buildings that survived the earthquake with medium level damage. The building performance was calculated and assessed according to the Turkish Earthquake Code requirements for existing building stock, and recommendations were made based on the findings.

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Densification Strategies: The Kallithea District in Athens as a Pilot Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9462
Author(s):  
Annarita Ferrante ◽  
Anastasia Fotopoulou ◽  
Cecilia Mazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
European Policies

The current main issue in the construction sector in Europe concerns the energy refurbishment and the reactivation of investments in existing buildings. Guidance for enhancing energy efficiency and encouraging member states to create a market for deep renovation is provided by a number of European policies. Innovative methods and strategies are required to attract and involve citizens and main stakeholders to undertake buildings’ renovation processes, which actually account for just 1% of the total building stock. This contribution proposes technical and financial solutions for the promotion of energy efficient, safe, and attractive retrofit interventions based on the creation of volumetric additions combined with renewable energy sources. This paper focuses on the urban reality of Athens as being an important example of a degraded urban center with a heavy heat island, a quite important heating demand, and a strong seismic vulnerability. The design solutions presented here demonstrate that the strategy of additions, because of the consequent increased value of the buildings, could represent an effective densification policy for the renovation of existing urban settings. Hence, the aim is to trigger regulatory and market reforms with the aim to boost the revolution towards nearly zero energy buildings for the existing building stocks.

scholarly journals Multicriteria Selection of Water Insulation Technology for Foundation Walls in an Existing Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rosłon ◽  
M. Seroka
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Historic Building ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Foundation Wall ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Works

AbstractIn the authors’ opinion, the issue of incorrectly functioning water insulation of foundation walls in the existing buildings in Poland is currently rather common. The paper includes a multicriteria analysis aimed at arranging the selected options of the foundation wall vertical water insulation technology in an existing model historic building using the weighted sum, entropy and AHP methods. Each of the studied solutions was evaluated in terms of the following criteria: costs of construction works, time of execution of construction works, popularity of using particular insulation options by other contractors, durability of the executed insulation and the degree of nuisance of the executed works.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Performance Assessment of an Eco-Sustainable RC-Framed Skin for the Integrated Upgrading of Existing Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9225
Author(s):  
Luca Pozza ◽  
Anna Degli Esposti ◽  
Alessandra Bonoli ◽  
Diego Talledo ◽  
Luca Barbaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Recent earthquakes have highlighted a general inadequacy of the existing building stock in Italy and the need to address this critical issue by increasing its structural resilience. At the same time, the problem of energy consumption in existing residential and commercial buildings is increasingly significant and incompatible with the environmental targets set by governments. Considering all the aforementioned aspects, the seismic upgrading of existing buildings, based on the use of an eco-friendly and sustainable technology, has become more and more relevant and different intervention approaches have been developed. This paper aims to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the performance assessment of an eco-friendly and sustainable RC-framed skin for integrated refurbishment of existing buildings. A preliminary description of such skin technology is provided with particular attention to the simultaneous improvement of structural (e.g., seismic) and non-structural (e.g., energy, acoustic) performances and to issues concerning the limitation of invasiveness and interruption of use of the building. Technological details and in situ installation phases are described with special regard to connection and interaction with the existing building. Procedures for the assessment of upgraded building performances, in terms of seismic capacity and thermo-hygrometric and acoustic performances, are defined and applied to a selected basic cell structure. The feasibility and sustainability of the proposed upgrading intervention is finally investigated by means of a holistic Life Cycle Assessment for environmental impact and Life Cycle Cost for an economic evaluation. Finally, results from a multidisciplinary performance assessment are critically discussed by relating the performance aspects to the technological and installation issues.

scholarly journals Building and design defects observed in the residential sector and the types of damage observed in recent earthquakes in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 697-760
Author(s):  
M. Tolga Çöğürcü
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Van Earthquake ◽  
Soft Story ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
Concrete Quality ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Abstract. Turkey is situated in a very active earthquake region. In the last century, several earthquakes resulted in thousands of deaths and enormous economic losses. In 1999, the Marmara earthquake had an approximate death toll of more than 20 000, and in 2011, the Van earthquake killed 604 people. In general, Turkish residential buildings have reinforced concrete structural systems. These reinforced concrete structures have several deficiencies, such as low concrete quality, non-seismic steel detailing, and inappropriate structural systems including several architectural irregularities. In this study, the general characteristics of Turkish building stock and the deficiencies observed in structural systems are explained, and illustrative figures are given with reference to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 (TEC, 2007). The poor concrete quality, lack of lateral or transverse reinforcement in beam-column joints and column confinement zones, high stirrup spacings, under-reinforced columns and over-reinforced beams are the primary causes of failures. Other deficiencies include weak column-stronger beam formations, insufficient seismic joint separations, soft story or weak story irregularities and short columns. Similar construction and design mistakes are also observed in other countries situated on active earthquake belts. Existing buildings still have these undesirable characteristics, so to prepare for future earthquakes, they must be rehabilitated.

FAILURE MECHANISM AND ITS CONTROL OF BUILDING STRUCTURES UNDER EARTHQUAKES BASED ON STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CONCEPT

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIEPING YE ◽  
ZHE QU
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
System Concept ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Mechanism Control ◽  
The Difference

By taking building structures as systems, the difference between the safety margins of a structure and that of its element is clarified and the robustness of the structure to resist unexpected disasters is discussed. The system concept is further used to introduce the concepts of importance levels and functionality levels in structural systems, the designability of structural systems is then pointed out. The local and global failure mechanisms of building structures under earthquake are summarized, and the failure mechanism control method is discussed based on the concepts of system and designability. For global failure mechanism, the desirable seismic performance is put forward, and at last some practical methods to control the seismic failure mechanism and the failure procedures are proposed based on the hierarchy concept of the structural system.

Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-578
Author(s):  
Rikard Sundling ◽  
Stefan Olander ◽  
Petter Wallentén ◽  
Stephen Burke ◽  
Ricardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Profit Analysis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Multifamily Buildings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify appropriate concepts of multi-active façades for the renovation of multifamily buildings in Sweden and to determine which, if any, are financially viable. Design/methodology/approach A lifecycle profit (LCP) analysis was used to examine financial viability through a ten-step process, which included identifying concepts, assessing costs and prices, calculating the LCP and performing sensitivity analysis. Two existing buildings – one low rise and the other high rise – were used as reference models. Findings The findings were contradictory. Implementing any of the multi-active façade concepts on the high-rise building would be financially beneficial. The opposite was, however, the case for the low-rise building. Two factors causing this contradiction have been identified: the façade material before renovation and the size of the building. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to two case buildings situated in Sweden; however, similar buildings represent a significant amount of the existing building stock. Part of the purpose of the study is also to investigate the merits of LCP analysis to evaluate energy-efficient retrofitting. The study implicates the benefits and pitfalls of LCP analysis needed to be considered by researchers and practitioners alike. Originality/value The research findings contribute to the understanding of energy-efficient retrofitting of existing multifamily buildings based on prefabricated multi-active façade concepts.

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