Simulating optimal vaccination times during cholera outbreaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairat Modnak ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Zindoga Mukandavire
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Cholera Vaccines

The use of cholera vaccines has been increasingly recognized as an effective control measure in cholera endemic countries. However, guidelines for using vaccination during cholera outbreaks are still to be established, and it remains an open question as to how and when the vaccines should be deployed to best control ongoing cholera outbreaks. Here we formulate a new optimal control model to assess the value of cholera vaccines in epidemic settings and cost-effective optimal times to deploy a vaccine. Our results suggest that as long as the vaccine prices are sufficiently low, vaccination should always start from or immediately after the onset of a cholera outbreak.

scholarly journals Prevention of Leptospirosis Infected Vector and Human Population by Multiple Control Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Saeed Islam ◽  
Sher Afzal Khan ◽  
Ilyas Khan ◽  
Sharidan Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Control Problem ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Control Functions

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that damages the liver and kidneys, found mainly in dogs and farm animals and caused by bacteria. In this paper, we present the optimal control problem applied to a dynamical leptospirosis infected vector and human population by using multiple control variables. First, we show the existence of the control problem and then use analytical and numerical techniques to investigate the existence cost effective control efforts for prevention of indirect and direct transmission of this disease. In order to do this, we consider three control functions two for human and one for vector population. We completely characterize the optimal control problem and compute the numerical solution of the optimality system using an iterative method.

scholarly journals Prevention of Influenza Pandemic by Multiple Control Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Ullah ◽  
Gul Zaman ◽  
Saeed Islam
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

We present the prevention of influenza pandemic by using multiple control functions. First, we adjust the control functions in the pandemic model, then we show the existence of the optimal control problem, and, by using both analytical and numerical techniques, we investigate cost-effective control effects for the prevention of transmission of disease. To do this, we use four control functions, the first one for increasing the effect of vaccination, the second one for the strategies to isolate infected individuals, and the last two for the antiviral treatment to control clinically infectious and hospitalization cases, respectively. We completely characterized the optimal control and compute the numerical solution of the optimality system by using an iterative method.

scholarly journals Multiple Control Strategies for Prevention of Avian Influenza Pandemic

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Ullah ◽  
Gul Zaman ◽  
Saeed Islam
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The Cost

We present the prevention of avian influenza pandemic by adjusting multiple control functions in the human-to-human transmittable avian influenza model. First we show the existence of the optimal control problem; then by using both analytical and numerical techniques, we investigate the cost-effective control effects for the prevention of transmission of disease. To do this, we use three control functions, the effort to reduce the number of contacts with human infected with mutant avian influenza, the antiviral treatment of infected individuals, and the effort to reduce the number of infected birds. We completely characterized the optimal control and compute numerical solution of the optimality system by using an iterative method.

scholarly journals Modelling the Dynamics of Campylobacteriosis Using Nonstandard Finite Difference Approach with Optimal Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shaibu Osman ◽  
Houenafa Alain Togbenon ◽  
Dominic Otoo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Nonstandard Finite Difference

Campylobacter genus is the bacteria responsible for campylobacteriosis infections, and it is the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in adults and infants. The disease is hyperendemic in children in most parts of developing countries. It is a zoonotic disease that can be contracted via direct contact, food, and water. In this paper, we formulated a deterministic model for Campylobacteriosis as a zoonotic disease with optimal control and to determine the best control measure. The nonstandard finite difference scheme was used for the model analysis. The disease-free equilibrium of the scheme in its explicit form was determined, and it was shown to be both locally and globally asymptotically stable. The campylobacteriosis model was extended to optimal control using prevention of susceptible humans contracting the disease and treatment of infected humans and animals. The objective function was optimised, and it was established that combining prevention of susceptible humans and treatment of infected animals was the effective control measure in combating campylobacteriosis infections. An analysis of the effects of contact between susceptible and infected animals as well susceptible and infected humans was conducted. It showed an increase in infected animals and humans whenever the contact rate increases and decreases otherwise. Biologically, it implies that campylobacteriosis infections can be controlled by ensuring that interactions among susceptible humans, infected animals, and infected humans is reduced to the barest minimum.

scholarly journals ON OPTIMAL CONTROL AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS FOR TYPHOID FEVER MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Patrick Okolo ◽  
Onoja Abu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Maximum Principle ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Optimality System ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Abstract Typhoid fever is a disease of a major concern in the developing world because it adversely affects on health and finance of a large chunk of people in this part of the world. This paper is aim to develop an extend and improve the optimal control model of typhoid transmission dynamics that can select the best cost-effective strategy for some interventions. Thus, an optimal control model for typhoid, incorporating control functions representing measures of personal hygiene and sanitation, diagnosis and treatment, and vaccination, was formulated. The corresponding optimality system was characterized via the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimality system was numerically simulated for all possible strategies using Runge-Kutta method of order four. For cost-effectiveness analysis, the method of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was employed. The results show that the model is able to select the most cost-effective strategy for any given set of parameter values and initial conditions. Key words:  Optimal control, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, cost-effectiveness

Enterprise Digital Twin

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
Souvik Barat
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Core ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Predictive Analyses

Enterprises constantly aim to maximise their objectives while operating in a competitive and dynamic environment. This necessitates an enterprise to be efficient, adaptive, and amenable for transformation. However, understanding a complex enterprise and identifying effective control measure, adaptation choice, or transformation option to realise specific objective is not a trivial task. The digital twin that imitates the real enterprise provides an environment to conduct the necessary interrogative and predictive analyses to evaluate various control measures, adaptation choices, and transformation options in a safe and cost-effective manner without compromising the analysis precision. This chapter reflects on the core concept of the digital twin, evaluates the state-of-the-art modelling and analysis technologies, and presents a pragmatic approach to develop high-fidelity digital twin for large complex enterprises.

scholarly journals Rotavirus vaccine: A cost effective control measure for India

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Manish Goel ◽  
RamBilas Jain ◽  
Pardeep Khanna ◽  
Vibha
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine

scholarly journals Separability-based selection of cost-effective control of multistep processes in limited time and money

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (3) ◽  
pp. 032110
Author(s):  
U Fayzullaev ◽  
Sh Tashmatova ◽  
K Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Multistage Processes ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Modeling as a research method usually consists not in the preparation of proposals and the formation of technical requirements in the created sample, but at the stages of conceptual and technical design, in the development of product samples in systems using them, as well as in various tests. This article discusses optimal control of multi-step processes. Usually, in practice, the problem of constructing models of multistage processes, as a rule, is complicated by the universality, uncertainty and nonlinearity of the simulated objects, complete or partial lack of expert experience and analytical description of dependencies. Mathematical models describing chemical technology consider the partitioning of the state into discrete stages.

A model of cholera transmission with hyperinfectivity and its optimal vaccination control

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairat Modnak
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Health Control ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Constant Control

The use of cholera vaccines has been increasingly recognized as an effective control measure in cholera endemic countries. Also, the disease transmissions are getting more complicated and thus comprehensive strategies to implement public health control measures are worthwhile to be investigated. In this paper, we aim to better understand the effects of HI states of vibrios from the environment and from human contacts that cause cholera outbreaks. We also present and analyze our cholera mathematical model with vaccine incorporated. Equilibrium analysis is conducted in the case with constant control for both epidemic and endemic dynamics. Optimal control theory is applied to seek cost-effective solutions of time-dependent vaccination strategies against cholera outbreaks. Our results show that using vaccination during cholera outbreaks at the very beginning of the onset can reduce the number of infections significantly.

scholarly journals Community Knowledge and Attitudes about the Transmission of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Its Relationship to Prevention Behaviour in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543
Author(s):  
Minarti Minarti ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Irfannuddin Irfannuddin ◽  
Chandra Irsan
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Prevention Behavior

BACKGROUND: PSN 3 M Plus is a long-running program in Indonesia for the prevention and control of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). AIM: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of the community toward PSN 3 M Plus in preventing and controlling the spread of DHF. METHODS: A cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 200 respondents in endemic areas and 100 respondents in sporadic locations of Indonesia from August 2020 to February 2021. The respondents were interviewed directly by interviewers and the relationships between demographics and characteristics with the practice of PSN 3M Plus prevention behavior on the incidence of DHF were analyzed. RESULTS: Most respondents had good knowledge regarding the cause of DHF. Although respondents recognized and understood the dangers of and how to control DHF, most did not follow PSN 3 M Plus and believed that fogging was the most effective control measure. There was a significant relationship between the characteristics of the respondents in terms of education, occupation, and attitude on vector control practice. CONCLUSION: Although community environmental modifications can be a cost-effective approach to reduce the incidence of DHF, there is a need to raise public awareness regarding preventive vector control measures as good knowledge does not guarantee good compliance with PSN 3M Plus recommendations.

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