TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE — A CASE-BASED APPROACH

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÜRGEN EICHBERGER ◽  
ANI GUERDJIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technological Adaptation ◽  
Long Run

We present a model of technological adaptation in response to a change in climate conditions. The main feature of the model is that new technologies are not just risky, but also ambiguous. Pessimistic agents are thus averse to adopting a new technology. Learning is induced by optimists, who are willing to try out technologies about which there is little evidence available. We show that both optimists and pessimists are crucial for a successful adaptation. While optimists provide the public good of information which gives pessimists an incentive to innovate, pessimists choose the new technology persistently in the long-run which increases the average returns for the society. Hence, the optimal share of optimists in the society is strictly positive. When the share of optimists in the society is too low, innovation is slow and the obtained steady-state is inefficient. We discuss two policies which can potentially alleviate this inefficiency: Subsidies and provision of additional information. We show that if precise and relevant information is available, pessimists would be willing to pay for it and consequently adopt the new technology. Hence, providing information might be a more efficient policy, which is both self-financing and results in better social outcomes.

DOI Theoretical Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-166
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Structured Means

Change is not easy! People adhere to old routines and habits tenaciously. Most people are slow to accept new ideas, new products, in short, innovations. When it comes to new technologies that can aid in adaptation to climate change, there is fierce resistance from farmers (to sustainable agriculture), from the fossil fuels industries (to sustainable energy), from developers (to going green), and the list goes on. While a new technology does involve a certain investment of time and money at first, it is cost effective and profitable in the long term. When it comes to sustainability, nothing less than the future of our planet is at stake, so it is incumbent upon us to find a way to “sell” the innovations to the masses. The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theoretical Framework provides an effective, structured means of doing this; its efficacy has been established for hundreds of innovations, and it is particularly suited to technologies.

Modeling in the Classroom Using Squeak Etoys

2009 ◽  
pp. 334-349
Author(s):  
Shelby P. Morge
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Beliefs About Teaching ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Virtual Modeling

Recently adopted 21st Century goals stress the importance of preparing students for a globally competitive society by providing them with opportunities to develop skills in global literacy, problem solving, innovation, and creativity. These goals create a challenge for teachers to move beyond traditional beliefs about teaching and learning in order to implement new technologies and teaching strategies in the classroom. This chapter provides a brief overview of the process of blending a new technology into the classroom setting. The process involves selecting the new technology, learning how to use it, and using it in the classroom. As a specific example, this chapter describes how a NSF-funded project, entitled Using Squeak to Infuse Information Technology (USeIT), is helping teachers learn how to use a new virtual modeling technology, Squeak Etoys, and use it in their classrooms. The teachers have learned and used Squeak Etoys in a way that works best for them and their students. They have created models and problem-based learning (PBL) lesson plans correlated with state curriculum standards.

The Alang Ship-breaking Yard

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 327-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj T. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ship Breaking ◽  
Lost Opportunity

The case deals with the issue of environmental dumping in the poorer nations by more advanced nations. The trigger for the case is the sending back of the French naval ship Clemenceau from Indian coasts on the grounds that it contained prohibited environmentally hazardous materials like asbestos. The issue raised intense debates both in the public domain and the legal courts. Environmentalists, who brought the news in the public domain, sought legal intervention and argued in the public media. While the ship was sent back to France following the decision by France's highest administrative court, it raised questions about the entire ship breaking business. Alang, where the ship was initially supposed to be broken down, had seen an increase in business owing to the relatively cheap labour and less stringent environmental legislations compared to the established ship breaking centres in Europe and China. As poorer countries with even less regulated ship breaking centres, such as Bangladesh and Pakistan entered the fray, Alang had seen a decline in business. Ship breaking in Alang contributes to employment and the sending away of Clemenceau was seen by many supporters of ship breaking at Alang as lost opportunity for reviving the stagnating business at Alang. Others, however, saw it as an opportunity for Alang to improve environmental compliance and to introduce new technologies in ship breaking so that it can be sustainable in the long run. The case presents these different perspectives and tries to demonstrate the decision dilemma faced by a policy maker or regulator.

An Exploratory Look at the Growth and Success of Crowdfunding in the Public Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Martin Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Way

The digital age has changed the way we consume information and left organizations struggling to adapt to new technologies and information exchange mechanisms. Civic crowdfunding is one such new technology that has the potential to redefine what local government means from an individual and administrative perspective, but there remains little knowledge about what it is and where it fits in the public space. This research attempts to unravel these questions by providing an overview of the field of civic crowdfunding and explaining what types of projects are undertaken, what projects are successfully funded, and what factors lead to successful projects.

Social Media-Based Communities of Practice for Education in Citizenship and Sustainability

2013 ◽  
pp. 988-1008
Author(s):  
Dimitra Florou ◽  
Dimitris Gouscos
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere

In this chapter we support the view that communities of practice (CoPs) with the support of social media can serve the education for citizenship and sustainability, with a clear benefit on citizens' culture towards future public reforms. This has led to the development and implementation of the policy for sustainability, which is a European and national strategic objective. The chapter begins with a small analysis of public sector reform towards sustainability and the presentation of the basic principles of education for sustainability and citizenship (ESDC) and the model of CoPs and the social media that facilitate their use. It focuses on the analysis of the three models of belonging -engagement, imagination, alignment- in the application of CoPs for ESDC. In combination with this analysis we demonstrate that CoPs can be supported by social media. Finally the chapter reinforces the view that the development of such communities in education offers on the long run the ability to remodel the public sphere, strengthen public consultation, promote proposals from the citizens, promote the policy of sustainability, and finally, the efficient use of new technologies, both in society and education.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding the effects of climate change on the world’s oceans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B Hollowed ◽  
Manuel Barange ◽  
Véronique Garçon ◽  
Shin-ichi Ito ◽  
Jason S Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In June 2018, >600 scientists from over 50 countries attended the Fourth International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans (ECCWO-4). ECCWO-4 provided a forum for scientists to share information, build understanding, and advance responses to climate impacts on oceans and the many people, businesses and communities that depend on them. Seven Key Messages emerging from the symposium and relevant information from recently published literature are summarized. Recent scientific advances are improving our ability to understand, project, and assess the consequences of different levels of 21st century climate change for ocean ecosystems and ocean dependent communities. Outcomes of the symposium highlighted the need for on-going engagement with stakeholders, communities, and managers when considering the trade-offs associated with tactical and strategic opportunities for adaptation to climate change. Science informed adaptation frameworks that engage the public in their development are needed for effective management of marine resources in a changing climate. The summary provides a brief overview of the advances in climate-ocean science emerging from the symposium and provides context for the contributed papers within the broader socio-ecological advances of the discipline.

scholarly journals A Simulation Algorithm Capable Of Modelling Spatial Impact Points From The Neutralization Of An Improvised Explosive Device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Chan ◽  
Alexander Ferworn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Public Safety Personnel ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Improvised Explosive

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed from unknown materials, often concealed, such as inside an innocuous container, and deployed in unconventional ways resulting in a potentially deadly weapon. Public safety personnel such as Explosive Disposal Units (EDUs), are trained in the safe handling of explosives and the threats posed by IEDs. One method of neutralizing a suspect IED is to use water fired from a high-powered dispersion weapon commonly known as a disrupter cannon. Our research proposes an algorithm for developing an IED neutralization simulation that can emulate real-world physical effects of the successful neutralization of an IED without danger to the public or first responders. This algorithm includes 6 methodologies with the goal of providing EDU with additional information on the potential physical dispersion of the components of an IED and any major points of impact (splatter) and possible actionable intelligence on the pose and direction of a disrupter cannon for a successful neutralization of an IED. We have developed a prototype simulation based on this algorithm and evaluated the simulation with an appropriate real-world disrupter and compared the real-world splatter to our simulation’s splatter. We argue systems developed with our algorithm may provide relevant information directly from the simulation and can be accurately used to analyze particle dispersion for the purposes of augmenting EDU IED neutralization processes.

Public Discourse or Strategic Game? Changes in Our Conception of Elections

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 262-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Andersen ◽  
Stuart J. Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Action ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Action Committees ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Video Advertising ◽  
The Media

Much has been written about the “new technology” of U.S. elections: computerized letters, data banks of potential contributors, advanced video advertising techniques, speedy transportation and communication, and instant analysis of polling data. If one examines these discussions for a sense of how the growing use of these new technologies has changed the politics of elections, one finds several themes. Many scholars and journalists have described, for example, the high dollar costs of technology-dependent campaigns, the consequent influence of political action committees, how presidential candidates in particular are “marketed,” via the media, like toothpaste or breakfast cereal, and the prevalence in campaigns of superficial image rather than issues. We argue here that these changes in the way elections are conducted are associated with a deeper change in the conception of elections. The core of this argument is that changes in election technology have made possible the conduct of campaigns in which “strategy” has taken on a new meaning, and that leaders and the public share a view of elections that has progressively less to do with education, public discourse, or participation.

scholarly journals Live Facial Recognition: Trust and Legitimacy as Predictors of Public Support for Police Use of New Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bradford ◽  
Julia A Yesberg ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
Paul Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New London

Abstract Facial recognition technology is just one of a suite of new digital tools police and other security providers around the world are adopting in an effort to function more safely and efficiently. This paper reports results from a major new London-based study exploring public responses to Live Facial Recognition (LFR): a technology that enables police to carry out real-time automated identity checks in public spaces. We find that public trust and legitimacy are important factors predicting the acceptance or rejection of LFR. Crucially, trust and, particularly, legitimacy seem to serve to alleviate privacy concerns about police use of this technology. In an era where police use of new technologies is only likely to increase, especially as the Covid-19 global pandemic develops, these findings have important implications for police–public relations and how the ‘public voice’ is fed into debates.

scholarly journals A Simulation Algorithm Capable Of Modelling Spatial Impact Points From The Neutralization Of An Improvised Explosive Device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Chan ◽  
Alexander Ferworn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Public Safety Personnel ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Improvised Explosive

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed from unknown materials, often concealed, such as inside an innocuous container, and deployed in unconventional ways resulting in a potentially deadly weapon. Public safety personnel such as Explosive Disposal Units (EDUs), are trained in the safe handling of explosives and the threats posed by IEDs. One method of neutralizing a suspect IED is to use water fired from a high-powered dispersion weapon commonly known as a disrupter cannon. Our research proposes an algorithm for developing an IED neutralization simulation that can emulate real-world physical effects of the successful neutralization of an IED without danger to the public or first responders. This algorithm includes 6 methodologies with the goal of providing EDU with additional information on the potential physical dispersion of the components of an IED and any major points of impact (splatter) and possible actionable intelligence on the pose and direction of a disrupter cannon for a successful neutralization of an IED. We have developed a prototype simulation based on this algorithm and evaluated the simulation with an appropriate real-world disrupter and compared the real-world splatter to our simulation’s splatter. We argue systems developed with our algorithm may provide relevant information directly from the simulation and can be accurately used to analyze particle dispersion for the purposes of augmenting EDU IED neutralization processes.

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