"Conference on 60 Years of Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theories"

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Lars Brink
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Algebra ◽  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Gauge Field Theories ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

In 1954 Prof. Chen Ning Yang spent some time at Brookhaven National Laboratories where he met Robert Mills. They decided to study an extension of Quantum Electro Dynamics, where the local symmetry, the gauge symmetry, was a non-abelian symmetry algebra, SU(2), with three vector bosons mediating the forces between a doublet of matter particles. The symmetry that the authors had in mind was the isotopic symmetry and hence this was a prototype model for the strong interactions between protons and neutrons. The mass of the vector bosons was zero classically and the authors speculated that that they might obtain masses during quantization. On 1 October 1954 the Yang-Mills paper was published in the Physical Review. It was criticized directly by Wolfgang Pauli and others who argued that the vector particles would be massless leading to long-range interactions that was in contradiction to the experimental facts about the strong interactions. The interest in the paper was not so strong in the beginning.

scholarly journals GRAND UNIFICATION USING A GENERALIZED YANG–MILLS THEORY

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CHAVES ◽  
H. MORALES
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Subgroup ◽  
Covariant Derivative ◽  
Irreducible Representations ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Chiral Structure ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Grand Unified Theories ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
Vector Bosons

Generalized Yang–Mills theories have a covariant derivative that employs both scalar and vector bosons. Here we show how grand unified theories of the electroweak and strong interactions can be constructed with them. In particular the SU (5) GUT can be obtained from SU (6) with SU (5)× U (1) as a maximal subgroup. The choice of maximal subgroup also determines the chiral structure of the theory. The resulting Lagrangian has only two terms, and only two irreducible representations are needed, one for fermions and another for bosons.

scholarly journals The World as Quarks, Leptons and Bosons

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gell-Mann
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
The World

A descriptive review is given of gauge theories of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions. The strong interactions are interpreted in terms of an unbroken Yang-Mills gauge theory based on SU(3) colour symmetry of quarks and gluons. The confinement mechanism of quarks, gluons and other nonsinglets is discussed. The unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions through a broken Yang-Mills gauge theory is described. In total the basic constituents are then the quarks, leptons and gauge bosons.

scholarly journals Classical phase space and Hadamard states in the BRST formalism for gauge field theories on curved spacetime

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wrochna ◽  
Jochen Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Cauchy Surface ◽  
Gauge Field Theories ◽  
Subsidiary Condition ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Hadamard States ◽  
Hyperbolic Spacetimes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Classical Phase Space

We investigate linearized gauge theories on globally hyperbolic spacetimes in the BRST formalism. A consistent definition of the classical phase space and of its Cauchy surface analogue is proposed. We prove that it is isomorphic to the phase space in the ‘subsidiary condition’ approach of Hack and Schenkel in the case of Maxwell, Yang–Mills, and Rarita–Schwinger fields. Defining Hadamard states in the BRST formalism in a standard way, their existence in the Maxwell and Yang–Mills case is concluded from known results in the subsidiary condition (or Gupta–Bleuler) formalism. Within our framework, we also formulate criteria for non-degeneracy of the phase space in terms of BRST cohomology and discuss special cases. These include an example in the Yang–Mills case, where degeneracy is not related to a non-trivial topology of the Cauchy surface.

A NEW THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC, WEAK AND STRONG INTERACTIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOKRATES T. PANTELIDES
Keyword(s):  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Lepton Pairs ◽  
Mixing Angle ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Photon Field ◽  
New Interpretation

The Higgs mechanism for imparting masses to gauge bosons and matter particles is obviated by showing that Yang–Mills gauge bosons have intrinsic nonzero masses (rest-frame energies) from self-interactions. Electroweak (EW) mixing is ruled out because it produces a photon field that is massive, carries EW charge, and does not satisfy Maxwell's equations. Other fundamental difficulties of the Standard Model are identified. A new gauge theory of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions is derived from the Dirac equation with no other postulates and no free parameters. The three forces are intrinsically unified, the photon field is Maxwellian, weak interactions derive from spin (not isospin), and the weak and strong bosons are naturally massive and chiral. Charge is naturally quantized to integral values. Three generations of lepton pairs and elementary-hadron pairs, all with integral charges, are predicted, contradicting the phenomenology of fractional quark charges, but in full accord with experimental data on weak and strong processes and composite hadrons. Neutrinos are massive. The Dirac masses, the fine structure constant, neutrino oscillations and Cabibbo mixing are shown to have a common origin in the gravitational field. The new theory leads to a new interpretation of "negative energies" with cosmological implications. Finally, it is shown that key expressions of the EW formalism agree with those of the new theory and with experiments only if the mixing angle θ is given by sin 2 θ = 0.25, which accounts for the EW model's successes.

scholarly journals Masses of vector bosons in two-color dense QCD based on the hidden local symmetry

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayasu Harada ◽  
Chiho Nonaka ◽  
Tetsuro Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Vector Bosons

scholarly journals ISOSPIN PARTICLE ON S2 WITH ARBITRARY NUMBER OF SUPERSYMMETRIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 1481-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOON-TAE HONG ◽  
JOOHAN LEE ◽  
TAE HOON LEE ◽  
PHILLIAL OH
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Symmetry Algebra ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Isospin State ◽  
Specific Choice ◽  
Exact Energy

We study the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of an isospin particle in the background of spherically symmetric Yang–Mills gauge field. We show that on S2 the number of supersymmetries can be made arbitrarily large for a specific choice of the spherically symmetric SU (2) gauge field. However, the symmetry algebra containing the supercharges becomes nonlinear if the number of fermions is greater than two. We present the exact energy spectra and eigenfunctions, which can be written as the product of monopole harmonics and a certain isospin state. We also find that the supersymmetry is spontaneously broken if the number of supersymmetries is even.

scholarly journals NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM GAUGE INVARIANCE

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 3421-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ASTE ◽  
G. SCHARF
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Abelian Gauge Theory ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
Perturbative Quantum

We show for the case of interacting massless vector bosons, how the structure of Yang–Mills theories emerges automatically from a more fundamental concept, namely perturbative quantum gauge invariance. It turns out that the coupling in a non-Abelian gauge theory is necessarily of Yang–Mills type plus divergence- and coboundary-couplings. The extension of the method to massive gauge theories is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Hsp70 inhibits aggregation of Islet amyloid polypeptide by binding to the heterogeneous prenucleation oligomers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraja Chilukoti ◽  
Bankanidhi Sahoo ◽  
S Deepa ◽  
Sreelakshmi Cherakara ◽  
Mithun Maddheshiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Islet Amyloid ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstractMolecular chaperone Hsp70 plays important roles in the pathology of amyloid diseases by inhibiting aberrant aggregation of proteins. However, mechanism of the interactions of Hsp70 with the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is not clear. Here, we use Hsp70 from different organisms to show that it inhibits aggregation of Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) at substoichiometric concentrations even in absence of ATP. The effect is found to be the strongest if Hsp70 is added in the beginning of aggregation but progressively less if added later, indicating role of Hsp70 in preventing primary nucleation possibly via interactions with the prefibrillar oligomers of IAPP. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) measurements of the solutions containing fluorescently labelled Hsp70 and IAPP exhibit fluorescence bursts suggesting formation of heterogeneous complexes of oligomeric IAPP binding to multiple molecules of Hsp70. Size exclusion chromatography and field flow fractionation are then used to fractionate the smaller complexes. Multiangle light scattering and FCS measurements suggest that these complexes comprise of monomers of Hsp70 and small oligomers of IAPP. However, concentration of the complexes is measured to be a few nanomolar amidst several μmolar of free Hsp70 and IAPP. Hence, our results indicate that Hsp70 interacts poorly with the monomers but strongly with oligomers of IAPP. This is likely a common feature of the interactions between the chaperones and the amyloidogenic IDPs. While strong interactions with the oligomers prevent aberrant aggregation, poor interaction with the monomers avert interference with the functions of the IDPs.

scholarly journals Conversation with Chen-Ning Yang: reminiscence and reflection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Alexander Wu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

Abstract Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics. At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing.

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