First Policy, Then Action: A Co-Production Approach to Understand the Application of Urban Climate Knowledge in Land Use Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Mariana Barreto Alfonso Fragomeni ◽  
Jennifer L. Rice ◽  
Rosanna G. Rivero ◽  
J. Marshall Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Climate Knowledge ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
The City

Barriers to the application of climate science in land use planning are often understood as a problem related to perceived disciplinary knowledge gaps. This paper argues that, instead, limitations to the application of knowledge are not strictly linked to transference, but are also attributed to the thought processes that planners use to understand and use information. This study uses an interactional co-production framework from Science and Technology Studies (STS) to explore these processes in the context of heat response planning in Chatham County, Georgia, in the United States: a coastal county exposed to hot and humid conditions that render its population, particularly its growing elderly and low-income, vulnerable to heat health risks. We specifically focus on the processes used by planners during a heat response planning workshop, exploring the discussions and actions taken to develop a plan. We attempt to answer the following questions: What are the processes used by planners to respond to climatic issues such as heat vulnerability? How do these processes determine the application of the scientific knowledge produced? How does this process enable or limit the use of climate knowledge in decision making at the city scale? This paper argues that planners engage in three steps to determine the applicability of climate knowledge to urban planning: (1) using their own experiences to contextualize and visualize the information in their community, (2) being extremely cautious about the use of information because of a fear of failure, and (3) asking for specific policies to be in place to justify and legitimate actions and promote projects throughout the city. Using these insights, this paper concludes with some thoughts on how climate knowledge might be better integrated into urban planning.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE LAND USE EVALUATION BASED ON PRESERVATIVE APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 653-660
Author(s):  
S. Khademi ◽  
M. Norouzi ◽  
M. Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Determining the manner of land-use and the spatial structure of cities on the one hand, and the economic value of each piece of land on the other hand, land-use planning is always considered as the main part of urban planning. In this regard, emphasizing the efficient use of land, the sustainable development approach has presented a new perspective on urban planning and consequently on its most important pillar, i.e. land-use planning. In order to evaluate urban land-use, it has been attempted in this paper to select the most significant indicators affecting urban land-use and matching sustainable development indicators. Due to the significance of preserving ancient monuments and the surroundings as one of the main pillars of achieving sustainability, in this research, sustainability indicators have been selected emphasizing the preservation of ancient monuments and historical observance of the city of Susa as one of the historical cities of Iran. It has also been attempted to integrate these criteria with other land-use sustainability indicators. For this purpose, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and the AHP model have been used for providing maps displaying spatial density and combining layers as well as providing final maps respectively. Moreover, the rating of sustainability will be studied in different districts of the city of Shush so as to evaluate the status of land sustainability in different parts of the city. The results of the study show that different neighborhoods of Shush do not have the same sustainability in land-use such that neighborhoods located in the eastern half of the city, i.e. the new neighborhoods, have a higher sustainability than those of the western half. It seems that the allocation of a high percentage of these areas to arid lands and historical areas is one of the main reasons for their sustainability.</p>

A collaborative approach to heat response planning: A case study to understand the integration of urban climatology and land-use planning

Urban Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 100653
Author(s):  
Mariana B.A. Fragomeni ◽  
Sergio Bernardes ◽  
J. Marshall Shepherd ◽  
Rosanna Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Urban Climatology ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Heat Response

scholarly journals Coordinated Transportation and Land Use Planning in the Developing World: Case of Mexico City

2003 ◽  
Vol 1859 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gilat ◽  
Joseph Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Developing World ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Developed World

Much of the research on coordinated transportation and land use methods such as transit-oriented development (TOD) has focused on the developed world, particularly the United States. The opportunities and challenges for such policies in the developing world were examined, and it is argued that these policies might have greater benefits in the developing world than in the developed world. Mexico City, Mexico, was used as a case study. In the developing world, where cities are growing rapidly and rates of automobile ownership are still low, TOD provides an opportunity to design a transit-oriented urban form. Low-income people can thus be served by cheap, high-capacity transit; spend less of their income on transportation; and have better access to jobs. They will make fewer and shorter trips by informal low-capacity transit, thereby reducing congestion and pollution. In the long term, TOD may slow down motorization and mitigate its effects. Mexico City faces a crisis of mobility, environment, and equity. However, it has many of the prerequisites for TOD: the densities, an extensive metro system, and metropolitan planning organizations. Opportunities for coordinated transportation and land use planning include station area development, downtown redevelopment, real estate development along a proposed suburban rail line, and a policy of building new affordable housing within walking distance of high-capacity transit. The greater the geographical scope of each option, the more government involvement is required, and the larger its potential positive impact. An estimate of environmental benefits is presented.

scholarly journals Study on the Urban Fringe Based on the Expansion–Shrinking Dynamic Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5718
Author(s):  
Changqing Sui ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Ecological Protection

The urban fringe, as a part of an urban spatial form, plays a considerably major role in urban expansion and shrinking. After decades of rapid development, Chinese cities have advanced from a simple expansion stage to an expansion–shrinking-coexistence stage. In urban shrinking and expansion, the urban fringe shows different characteristics and requirements for specific aspects such as urban planning, land use, urban landscape, ecological protection, and architectural form, thereby forming expanding and shrinking urban fringes. A comprehensive study of expanding and shrinking urban fringes and their patterns is theoretically significant for urban planning, land use, planning management, and ecological civilisation construction.

Excluded communities and participatory land-use planning: experience from informal Roma settlements in Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110240
Author(s):  
Zlata Vuksanović-Macura ◽  
Igor Miščević
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Active Involvement

Citizen participation in the planning and decision-making process in the European post-socialist context is much debated. Still, the involvement of excluded communities in the urban planning process remains understudied. This paper presents and discusses the application of an innovative participatory approach designed to ensure active involvement of an excluded ethnic minority, the Roma community, in the process of formulating and adopting land-use plans for informal settlements in Serbia. By analysing the development of land-use plans in 11 municipalities, we observe that the applied participatory approach enhanced the inhabitants’ active participation and helped build consensus on the planned solution between the key actors. Findings also suggested that further work with citizens, capacity building of planners and administration, and secured financial mechanisms are needed to move citizen participation in urban planning beyond the limited statutory requirements.

scholarly journals Impacts of Urban Sprawl on Livability in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Nuhu H. Tini ◽  
Bartholomew Joshua Light
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The City

Urban sprawl is a global phenomenon in the contemporary era. It is mostly taking place in the less developed countries due to natural increase and consistent movement of people into the mega cities and large urban centers. The phenomenon has globally gained attention from diverse researchers in the field of urban geography, environmental studies, city and region planning in view of its significant influence on the urban environment. However, the effect of sprawl on urban livability and economy in Nigerian cities is scarcely investigated especially in Northern Nigeria. This research explores the social and economic effects of urban sprawl in Kaduna metropolis. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Technologies were applied for the analysis. The study found that Kaduna metropolis has experienced a progressive increase in the built-up area; in 2006 it had an aerial coverage of 13,980 hectares, a rise of 107.91% from 2001 aerial coverage of 6724 hectares. In 2012, the city had an aerial coverage of 15,808 hectares, an increase of 13.08% from 2006. Conversely, there has been a remarkable decrease in percentage of vegetation (1,458 hectares) and agricultural (11,739 hectares) land areas. In turn, such changes has adversely affected urban facilities or utilities such as pipe-borne water, electricity, health facilities, schools, security, transportation, wastewater infrastructures and fire safety services, which has become overstressed. Economic crisis has manifested in the rise of unemployment and escalating number of urban poor. Residential land use has encroached into open spaces while commercial activities overrun residential areas. Increase in distance and journey time make travel cost unbearable to the common man. These and social fragmentation retard livability in the city. Thus calls for a balance sustainable development in Kaduna metropolis and effective management of urban growth by the Kaduna Capital Development Board Authority. In due course, smart growth policy, growth management, urban containment, effective land use planning and public facility adequacy have been recommended to foster viable urban growth in Kaduna city and elsewhere.

Participatory Design of Public Spaces for Urban Agriculture, Rosario, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Marielle Dubbeling ◽  
Laura Bracalenti ◽  
Laura Lagorio
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The City

Urban agriculture is increasingly recognized for its potential contribution to more sustainable urban development. Urban agriculture includes the cultivation and raising, processing and marketing of food and non-food crops, medicinal and aromatic herbs, fruit trees, as well as animal products within urban and periurban areas. Urban agriculture positively impacts urban food security, local economic development, environmental management and community building. To reconcile the demands posed by urban growth with urban agriculture activities of high social and economic value, urban agriculture however should be included into land use planning and design, and regulated by municipalities, assuring its proper management and avoiding potential health and environmental risks. Open and green urban spaces could be designed for multifunctional urban agriculture and combine natural habitat, food production, educational, recreational and leisure activities. Such design processes would benefit from broad participation of urban planners and architects, urban farmers, citizens and slum inhabitants as to enhance ownership and engagement, more effectively use available local resources and give the process a higher credibility and wider outreach. This article shares the experience of Rosario, Argentina where the city planners and University staff collaborated with two low-income communities in the design and implementation of a multifunctional neighborhood park, public square and road reserve. A step-by-step participatory design process was followed: starting from initial visioning, defining and relating the various existing and multi-functional land uses desired, to elaborating the site plan, and agreeing on implementation procedures. The article briefly contextualizes the site and its inhabitants, illustrates the design process and the results achieved and highlights some of the problems encountered. Participatory design of open spaces for urban agriculture in Rosario- though a complex process- proved to have contributed to improving socio-economic and environmental conditions in the city, while also serving as a source of inspiration to other cities in the region.

Local Internet Forums

2010 ◽  
pp. 80-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aija Staffans ◽  
Heli Rantanen ◽  
Pilvi Nummi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
The City

The Internet is shaking up the expertise and production of knowledge in the planning institution. Digital citizens are searching for information from different places, combining formal and informal sources without apology, and are debating and speaking out on matters. Public planning organisations will be fully stretched to adapt their practices and services to meet these demands. This chapter will present the research results of a project that embarked on gathering and combining local information and knowledge on urban planning on Internet forums. Interactive applications were also developed for these forums to support public participation in ongoing land use planning and development projects in the City of Espoo, Finland. The research results demonstrate how fragmented local, place-based knowledge is, how difficult it is to combine informal and formal information in urban planning, and how inaccessible public data systems still are.

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