Measurement of Micrometer Order Displacement Using Phase-Shift Type Ultrasonic Correlation System in MHz Range

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. 3177-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Imano ◽  
Hiroshi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Shift Type ◽  
Correlation System

True and apparent spectra of buried polarizable targets

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Guptasarma
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Phase Spectrum ◽  
Complex Frequency ◽  
Minimum Phase ◽  
Dilution Factor ◽  
Shift Type ◽  
Phase Spectra

If the chargeability of a buried target is not infinitesimal, the popularly used low chargeability approximation formulated by Seigel (1959) can produce large errors in the computation of apparent polarizability spectra. A more accurate alternative approximation, based on a complex, frequency dependent “dilution factor” is presented. It turns out that for dispersions of the minimum phase shift type this approximation can be somewhat simplified and that for targets with such a dispersion, buried in a nondispersive host rock, the apparent log‐phase spectrum is only slightly different from a vertically shifted version of the true phase spectrum of the target. These results should be useful for the computation of apparent polarizabilities in numerical modeling for IP, and in attempts for mineral discrimination through field measurements of phase spectra.

Phase-shift and other mutants in the first part of the r II B cistron of bacteriophage T4

1967 ◽  
Vol 252 (780) ◽  
pp. 487-560 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Type A ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Shift Type ◽  
Substitution Type ◽  
Complete Index ◽  
Do So

The mutants considered consist of over 200 of the phase-shift type and 16 of the base-substitution type. A set of 61 of these has been mapped with precision and the rest have been located approximately. The results of all the crosses needed to locate the various mutants are listed. The sites of mutation are spread fairly evenly over the genetic map, with only a few appreciable gaps. A sign has been allocated to all the phase-shift mutants except for a group of nine at the extreme left-hand end of the gene. All but two of the base-substitution mutants are ochres or ambers. A complete index is given of all the multiple mutants so far constructed. The phenotype of most of these combinations follows the rules previously proposed. No combination gives the wild or pseudo-wild phenotype which is not expected to do so. The nature of the ‘barriers’ produced in certain pairs of mutants of unlike sign has been explored. Some of these barriers are ochres or ambers, but at least four of them fall into neither of these classes. All of them can be removed by a mutation of the base-substitution type. Certain combinations of double mutants of the type (+ +) have been shown to produce minute plaques on K. Most of these are associated with two of the barriers.

A New Development in Continuous Torque Monitoring Couplings

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Corcoran ◽  
Steve D’Ercole
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Know How ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Shift Type ◽  
New Development ◽  
History Of

Abstract The use of continuous torque monitoring couplings is quickly becoming an integral part of many predictive maintenance programs in the petrochemical and process industries. More and more operating facilities are using instrumented torque-measuring couplings in order to know how their critical equipment is performing so that the intervals between scheduled shutdowns can be chosen appropriately. This paper will cover a brief history of torquemeters; ie., the basic measuring types which are 1) strain gage types and 2) torsional deflection types. Discussed will be the theories of operation on how they work. Also discussed will be the advances and limitation of these types. Included will be the accuracies that can be obtained by each one and the features and limitation of each. In addition, covered will be a new advance in the mechanical torsional deflection, or phase shift type, which improves the overall design so that mass elastic properties of the coupling with the torque meter are more compatible with high speed turbomachinery.

Object Wave Determination by Single-Sideband Methods

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Phase Object ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Single Sideband ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Under the “weak phase object” approximation, the component of the electron wave scattered by an object is phase shifted by π/2 with respect to the unscattered component. This phase shift has been confirmed for thin carbon films by many experiments dealing with image contrast and the contrast transfer theory. There is also an additional phase shift which is a function of the atomic number of the scattering atom. This shift is negligible for light atoms such as carbon, but becomes significant for heavy atoms as used for stains for biological specimens. The light elements are imaged as phase objects, while those atoms scattering with a larger phase shift may be imaged as amplitude objects. There is a great deal of interest in determining the complete object wave, i.e., both the phase and amplitude components of the electron wave leaving the object.

A Many-Beam Technique for Enhanced Resolution of Partial Dislocations

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
J. M. Oblak ◽  
B. H. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
Enhanced Resolution ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Beam Technique

The “weak-beam” and systematic many-beam techniques are the currently available methods for resolution of closely spaced dislocations or other inhomogeneities imaged through strain contrast. The former is a dark field technique and image intensities are usually very weak. The latter is a bright field technique, but generally use of a high voltage instrument is required. In what follows a bright field method for obtaining enhanced resolution of partial dislocations at 100 KV accelerating potential will be described.A brief discussion of an application will first be given. A study of intermediate temperature creep processes in commercial nickel-base alloys strengthened by the Ll2 Ni3 Al γ precipitate has suggested that partial dislocations such as those labelled 1 and 2 in Fig. 1(a) are in reality composed of two closely spaced a/6 <112> Shockley partials. Stacking fault contrast, when present, tends to obscure resolution of the partials; thus, conditions for resolution must be chosen such that the phase shift at the fault is 0 or a multiple of 2π.

Observation of surface morphology by reflection electron holography

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
N. Osakabe ◽  
J. Endo ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
Amplification Technique

Progress in microscopy such as STM and TEM-TED has revealed surface structures in atomic dimension. REM has been used for the observation of surface dynamical process and surface morphology. Recently developed reflection electron holography, which employes REM optics to measure the phase shift of reflected electron, has been proved to be effective for the observation of surface morphology in high vertical resolution ≃ 0.01 Å.The key to the high sensitivity of the method is best shown by comparing the phase shift generation by surface topography with that in transmission mode. Difference in refractive index between vacuum and material Vo/2E≃10-4 owes the phase shift in transmission mode as shownn Fig. 1( a). While geometrical path difference is created in reflection mode( Fig. 1(b) ), which is measured interferometrically using high energy electron beam of wavelength ≃0.01 Å. Together with the phase amplification technique , the vertivcal resolution is expected to be ≤0.01 Å in an ideal case.

Inelastic mean free path and phase-shift determinations in NiO, using EXELFS

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649-1659
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Tafreshi ◽  
Stefan Csillag ◽  
Zou Wei Yuan ◽  
Christian Bohm ◽  
Elisabeth Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Inelastic Mean Free Path

A Numerically Coded File of Operative Procedures Derived from a Free Text Data Collection System : A Measure of the Accuracy

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Scudiero ◽  
Ruth L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Collection System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correlation System

A free text data collection system has been developed at the University of Illinois utilizing single word, syntax free dictionary lookup to process data for retrieval. The source document for the system is the Surgical Pathology Request and Report form. To date 12,653 documents have been entered into the system.The free text data was used to create an IRS (Information Retrieval System) database. A program to interrogate this database has been developed to numerically coded operative procedures. A total of 16,519 procedures records were generated. One and nine tenths percent of the procedures could not be fitted into any procedures category; 6.1% could not be specifically coded, while 92% were coded into specific categories. A system of PL/1 programs has been developed to facilitate manual editing of these records, which can be performed in a reasonable length of time (1 week). This manual check reveals that these 92% were coded with precision = 0.931 and recall = 0.924. Correction of the readily correctable errors could improve these figures to precision = 0.977 and recall = 0.987. Syntax errors were relatively unimportant in the overall coding process, but did introduce significant error in some categories, such as when right-left-bilateral distinction was attempted.The coded file that has been constructed will be used as an input file to a gynecological disease/PAP smear correlation system. The outputs of this system will include retrospective information on the natural history of selected diseases and a patient log providing information to the clinician on patient follow-up.Thus a free text data collection system can be utilized to produce numerically coded files of reasonable accuracy. Further, these files can be used as a source of useful information both for the clinician and for the medical researcher.

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