Quality Control in Crowdsourcing based on Fine-Grained Behavioral Features

Crowdsourcing has become an important tool to aggregate the wisdom of the crowd in this Internet age. A central problem in building an online crowdsourcing system is to determine the appropriate number of workers to assign tasks to. We study this problem by formulating a Bayes Net framework and introduce a quantity derived from posterior distribution to measure the convergence of crowd opinions. Using this quantity, our algorithm could stop soliciting opinions from more workers if the distribution of opinions is unlikely to change in future predictions. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed strategy by building a challenging fine-grained image annotation task on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Experiment results show that our approach not only saves annotation cost but also guarantees high annotation quality.

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Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.29032.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Felix Mölder ◽

Kim Philipp Jablonski ◽

Brice Letcher ◽

Michael B. Hall ◽

Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Processing ◽

Research Group ◽

Workflow Management ◽

Command Line ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Technical Validation ◽

Research Questions

Data analysis often entails a multitude of heterogeneous steps, from the application of various command line tools to the usage of scripting languages like R or Python for the generation of plots and tables. It is widely recognized that data analyses should ideally be conducted in a reproducible way. Reproducibility enables technical validation and regeneration of results on the original or even new data. However, reproducibility alone is by no means sufficient to deliver an analysis that is of lasting impact (i.e., sustainable) for the field, or even just one research group. We postulate that it is equally important to ensure adaptability and transparency. The former describes the ability to modify the analysis to answer extended or slightly different research questions. The latter describes the ability to understand the analysis in order to judge whether it is not only technically, but methodologically valid. Here, we analyze the properties needed for a data analysis to become reproducible, adaptable, and transparent. We show how the popular workflow management system Snakemake can be used to guarantee this, and how it enables an ergonomic, combined, unified representation of all steps involved in data analysis, ranging from raw data processing, to quality control and fine-grained, interactive exploration and plotting of final results.

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Investigation of impurities detected in X-ray inspection of MPG-7 fine-grained graphite blanks and details

Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Defence Corporation ◽

10.38013/2542-0542-2017-4-80-85 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

A. V. Vershinin ◽

M. V. Vershinina ◽

E. G. Belyakova ◽

E. V. Polyakov ◽

V. G. Bamburov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Technical Documentation ◽

Electron Microscope Investigation ◽

X Ray ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Investigation Methods ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Investigation ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of the research was to study the structure of MPG-7 fine-grained graphite by X-ray inspection and scanning electron microscope investigation methods. We carried out a structural and local chemical analysis of inhomogeneities occurring in graphite blanks. According to the data obtained, we changed technical documentation for the incoming quality control of MPG-7 graphite blanks and details.

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Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.29032.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Felix Mölder ◽

Kim Philipp Jablonski ◽

Brice Letcher ◽

Michael B. Hall ◽

Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Processing ◽

Research Group ◽

Workflow Management ◽

Command Line ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Technical Validation ◽

Research Questions

Data analysis often entails a multitude of heterogeneous steps, from the application of various command line tools to the usage of scripting languages like R or Python for the generation of plots and tables. It is widely recognized that data analyses should ideally be conducted in a reproducible way. Reproducibility enables technical validation and regeneration of results on the original or even new data. However, reproducibility alone is by no means sufficient to deliver an analysis that is of lasting impact (i.e., sustainable) for the field, or even just one research group. We postulate that it is equally important to ensure adaptability and transparency. The former describes the ability to modify the analysis to answer extended or slightly different research questions. The latter describes the ability to understand the analysis in order to judge whether it is not only technically, but methodologically valid. Here, we analyze the properties needed for a data analysis to become reproducible, adaptable, and transparent. We show how the popular workflow management system Snakemake can be used to guarantee this, and how it enables an ergonomic, combined, unified representation of all steps involved in data analysis, ranging from raw data processing, to quality control and fine-grained, interactive exploration and plotting of final results.

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Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Boris Kotchoubey

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Social Development ◽

Life History Theory ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Behavioral Features

Abstract Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.

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Application of an image management system in microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100129899 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1052-1053

Author(s):

Richard S. Chemock

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Image Data ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Image Recording ◽

Primary Output ◽

Capacity Data ◽

Image Management System

One of the most common tasks in a typical analysis lab is the recording of images. Many analytical techniques (TEM, SEM, and metallography for example) produce images as their primary output. Until recently, the most common method of recording images was by using film. Current PS/2R systems offer very large capacity data storage devices and high resolution displays, making it practical to work with analytical images on PS/2s, thereby sidestepping the traditional film and darkroom steps. This change in operational mode offers many benefits: cost savings, throughput, archiving and searching capabilities as well as direct incorporation of the image data into reports.The conventional way to record images involves film, either sheet film (with its associated wet chemistry) for TEM or PolaroidR film for SEM and light microscopy. Although film is inconvenient, it does have the highest quality of all available image recording techniques. The fine grained film used for TEM has a resolution that would exceed a 4096x4096x16 bit digital image.

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Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100121971 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

Steven D. Toteda

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Power Plants ◽

Electrical Response ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

Platinum Electrodes ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Impedance Response ◽

Platinum Particles ◽

Energy Surfaces ◽

Highly Porous

Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised even further, the surface of the platinum begins to facet with lower energy surfaces. These microstructural changes can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, but the goal of the work is to characterize the microstructure by its fractal dimension and then relate the fractal dimension to the electrical response. The sensors were fabricated from zirconia powder stabilized in the cubic phase with 8 mol% percent yttria. Each substrate was sintered for 14 hours at 1200°C. The resulting zirconia pellets, 13mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness, were roughly 97 to 98 percent of theoretical density. The Engelhard #6082 platinum paste was applied to the zirconia disks after they were mechanically polished ( diamond). The electrodes were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1000°C. Each sensor was tested to determine the impedance response from 1Hz to 5,000Hz. These frequencies correspond to the electrode at the test temperature of 600°C.

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Amorphous silica coating on α-alumina particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100137422 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

J. W. Mellowes ◽

C. M. Chun ◽

I. A. Aksay

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Silica ◽

Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽

Homogeneous Nucleation ◽

Silica Coating ◽

Full Density ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Alumina Particles ◽

Complete Mullitization ◽

Powder Compacts

Mullite (3Al2O32SiO2) can be fabricated by transient viscous sintering using composite particles which consist of inner cores of a-alumina and outer coatings of amorphous silica. Powder compacts prepared with these particles are sintered to almost full density at relatively low temperatures (~1300°C) and converted to dense, fine-grained mullite at higher temperatures (>1500°C) by reaction between the alumina core and the silica coating. In order to achieve complete mullitization, optimal conditions for coating alumina particles with amorphous silica must be achieved. Formation of amorphous silica can occur in solution (homogeneous nucleation) or on the surface of alumina (heterogeneous nucleation) depending on the degree of supersaturation of the solvent in which the particles are immersed. Successful coating of silica on alumina occurs when heterogeneous nucleation is promoted and homogeneous nucleation is suppressed. Therefore, one key to successful coating is an understanding of the factors such as pH and concentration that control silica nucleation in aqueous solutions. In the current work, we use TEM to determine the optimal conditions of this processing.

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Interfacial structures of dissimilar materials joined by capacitor-discharge welding

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100170402 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 534-535

Author(s):

C. P. Doğan ◽

R. D. Wilson ◽

J. A. Hawk

Keyword(s):

Rapid Solidification ◽

Fusion Zone ◽

Dissimilar Materials ◽

Solidification Process ◽

Weld Interface ◽

Capacitor Discharge ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Iron Aluminum ◽

Conductive Ceramics ◽

Capacitor Discharge Welding

Capacitor Discharge Welding is a rapid solidification technique for joining conductive materials that results in a narrow fusion zone and almost no heat affected zone. As a result, the microstructures and properties of the bulk materials are essentially continuous across the weld interface. During the joining process, one of the materials to be joined acts as the anode and the other acts as the cathode. The anode and cathode are brought together with a concomitant discharge of a capacitor bank, creating an arc which melts the materials at the joining surfaces and welds them together (Fig. 1). As the electrodes impact, the arc is extinguished, and the molten interface cools at rates that can exceed 106 K/s. This process results in reduced porosity in the fusion zone, a fine-grained weldment, and a reduced tendency for hot cracking.At the U.S. Bureau of Mines, we are currently examining the possibilities of using capacitor discharge welding to join dissimilar metals, metals to intermetallics, and metals to conductive ceramics. In this particular study, we will examine the microstructural characteristics of iron-aluminum welds in detail, focussing our attention primarily on interfaces produced during the rapid solidification process.

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