scholarly journals PURE: A Framework for Analyzing Proximity-based Contact Tracing Protocols

2023 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Cicala ◽  
Weicheng Wang ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
Ninghui Li ◽  
Elisa Bertino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Main Design

Many proximity-based tracing (PCT) protocols have been proposed and deployed to combat the spreading of COVID-19. In this article, we take a systematic approach to analyze PCT protocols. We identify a list of desired properties of a contact tracing design from the four aspects of Privacy, Utility, Resiliency, and Efficiency (PURE). We also identify two main design choices for PCT protocols: what information patients report to the server and which party performs the matching . These two choices determine most of the PURE properties and enable us to conduct a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the existing protocols.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Housing Estate Infrastructure in Relation to the Passability of Firefighting Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9587
Author(s):  
Pavel Vrtal ◽  
Tomáš Kohout ◽  
Jakub Nováček ◽  
Zdeněk Svatý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Fire Engine ◽  
Housing Estates

The article focuses on the assessment and evaluation of the passability in densely populated parts of cities with multi-storey housing estates, in terms of the operation of the integrated rescue system (IRS) in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research is to minimize the arrival times to conduct the intervention as efficiently as possible. The presented problem is caused by unsystematic development of housing estates and the emergence of secondary problems in the form of inability to reach the place of intervention by the larger IRS vehicles. The vision presented in this document presents a systematic approach to improve the serviceability of individual blocks of flats. The main aim is to ensure passability, even for the largest equipment, such as fire engine ladders. Detailed mapping of the selected sites by drones, construction of their digital model, and subsequent virtual verification of the passability by specific vehicle models on identified access roads was performed. The results obtained by this procedure can then be implemented in the navigation of the fire safety forces and facilitate their arrival at the site of intervention. At the end, specific ways are presented in which the whole system can be modified to be able to intuitively change and choose individual access routes in real time, based on the current situation in the area.

scholarly journals ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА В СУЧАСНОМУ УЗБЕКИСТАНІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Л. П. Максакова
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable State ◽  
Main Material

The article considers the current demographic situation of Uzbekistan in the aspects of demographic security. This is an urgent line of research, covering the concept of demographic security, a comprehensive analysis of the demographic situation, highlighting the main phenomena and trends that could pose potential threats to the demographic development of the population of the republic. The purpose of the article is to characterize the situation with demographic issues in Uzbekistan. Subject of study. Theoretical and practical aspects of the demographic situation of modern Uzbekistan regarding globalization and its trends. The methods used in the study: a systematic approach, structural logical and statistical analysis, synthesis, generalization. The hypothesis of the study involves the use of the approach of determining the demographic crisis in the context of globalization. Statement of the main material. The studies revealed that, despite the relatively favorable state of the demographic situation, certain potential threats and risks to demographic security were outlined in Uzbekistan. Originality and practical value of the study. Preventive measures are proposed for the qualitative development of the demographic situation and to prevent the development of negative trends in the future. Conclusions. Two main directions for solving the demographic problem are proposed. The first is to curb the scale of labor migration by expanding employment opportunities in places of permanent residence. The second is the achievement of more effective interstate cooperation: the introduction into practice of modern forms of organized export of labor, the strengthening of integration processes in the labor markets and social protection of migrants.

Cell–cell contact landscapes in Xenopus gastrula tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (39) ◽  
pp. e2107953118
Author(s):  
Debanjan Barua ◽  
Martina Nagel ◽  
Rudolf Winklbauer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Contact Width ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Cell Cell

Molecular and structural facets of cell–cell adhesion have been extensively studied in monolayered epithelia. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of cell–cell contacts in a series of multilayered tissues in the Xenopus gastrula model. We show that intercellular contact distances range from 10 to 1,000 nm. The contact width frequencies define tissue-specific contact spectra, and knockdown of adhesion factors modifies these spectra. This allows us to reconstruct the emergence of contact types from complex interactions of the factors. We find that the membrane proteoglycan Syndecan-4 plays a dominant role in all contacts, including narrow C-cadherin–mediated junctions. Glypican-4, hyaluronic acid, paraxial protocadherin, and fibronectin also control contact widths, and unexpectedly, C-cadherin functions in wide contacts. Using lanthanum staining, we identified three morphologically distinct forms of glycocalyx in contacts of the Xenopus gastrula, which are linked to the adhesion factors examined and mediate cell–cell attachment. Our study delineates a systematic approach to examine the varied contributions of adhesion factors individually or in combinations to nondiscrete and seemingly amorphous intercellular contacts.

scholarly journals Beyond the basics: A systematic approach for comprehensive analysis of organic materials in Asian lacquers

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (sup3) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Schilling ◽  
Arlen Heginbotham ◽  
Henk van Keulen ◽  
Mike Szelewski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis

scholarly journals Modeling the effects of contact-tracing apps on the spread of the coronavirus disease: Mechanisms, conditions, and efficiency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256151
Author(s):  
Asako Chiba
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
High Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Better Than

This study simulates the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using a detailed agent-based model and the census data of Japan to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of contact-tracing apps. The model assumes two types of response to the app notification: the notified individuals quarantine themselves (type-Q response) or they get tested (type-T response). The results reveal some crucial characteristics of the apps. First, type-Q response is successful in achieving containment; however, type-T response has a limited curve-flattening effect. Second, type-Q response performs better than type-T response because it involves quarantine of those who are infected but have not become infectious yet, and the current testing technology cannot detect the virus in these individuals. Third, if the download rate of the apps is extremely high, type-Q response can achieve virus containment with a small number of quarantined people and thereby high efficiency. Finally, given a fixed download rate, increasing the number of tests per day enhances the effectiveness of the apps, although the degree of improved effectiveness is not proportional to the change in the number of tests.

scholarly journals Problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 751-763
Author(s):  
Valentyn S. Shcherbyna ◽  
Viktoriia V. Rieznikova ◽  
Valeria V. Radzyviliuk ◽  
Svitlana I. Bevz ◽  
Iryna M. Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
New Business ◽  
Modern Technologies

Due to the evolution of modern technologies, first of all the internet, new business opportunities are emerging. Therefore, there is a need to find new forms of concluding contracts. To save time, more and more contracts are concluded in electronic form. In addition, in recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the use of electronic signatures in business operations. Therewith, an electronic signature of documents is a convenient alternative to handwritten signatures. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form and a comparative legal study of the legislation of Austria, Great Britain, Germany, France, and Ukraine regarding the conclusion of such contracts at the international and European levels. The study is based on a systematic approach that helps to comprehensively study the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form. Furthermore, the study is based on the laws and principles of dialectics, which also contribute to the study of the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form. 

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Price Formation in the Metal Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 050-059
Author(s):  
M. G. Tindova ◽  
I. M. Kublin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Global Aluminum ◽  
The Cost

The analysis of existing methods of pricing is carried out, the key advantages and disadvantages of each approach are identified, and conclusions are presented regarding the study of the problem of forming the cost of aluminum in the market. Trends in the development of the aluminum market in modern economic relations are analyzed using mathematical methods and directions of development, as well as possible solutions. A systematic approach to the analysis of the problems of pricing for aluminum in the world, taking into account the market conditions, is presented. The key approaches to pricing have been identified, which, together with the results of a comprehensive analysis, make it possible to determine the criteria for setting prices and assess the possibility of applying pricing methods in the global aluminum market.

Reading Longer Words: Insights Into Multisyllabic Word Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Heggie ◽  
Lesly Wade-Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Grade 3

Students with persistent reading difficulties are often especially challenged by multisyllabic words; they tend to have neither a systematic approach for reading these words nor the confidence to persevere (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Carlisle & Katz, 2006; Moats, 1998). This challenge is magnified by the fact that the vast majority of English words are multisyllabic and constitute an increasingly large proportion of the words in elementary school texts beginning as early as grade 3 (Hiebert, Martin, & Menon, 2005; Kerns et al., 2016). Multisyllabic words are more difficult to read simply because they are long, posing challenges for working memory capacity. In addition, syllable boundaries, word stress, vowel pronunciation ambiguities, less predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and morphological complexity all contribute to long words' difficulty. Research suggests that explicit instruction in both syllabification and morphological knowledge improve poor readers' multisyllabic word reading accuracy; several examples of instructional programs involving one or both of these elements are provided.

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