scholarly journals Compiling with continuations, correctly

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Zoe Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Anvay Grover
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Program Transformations ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Separate Compilation ◽  
Source Program ◽  
Coq Proof Assistant ◽  
Semantic Correctness ◽  
Simulation Relation

In this paper we present a novel simulation relation for proving correctness of program transformations that combines syntactic simulations and logical relations. In particular, we establish a new kind of simulation diagram that uses a small-step or big-step semantics in the source language and an untyped, step-indexed logical relation in the target language. Our technique provides a practical solution for proving semantics preservation for transformations that do not preserve reductions in the source language. This is common when transformations generate new binder names, and hence α-conversion must be explicitly accounted for, or when transformations introduce administrative redexes. Our technique does not require reductions in the source language to correspond directly to reductions in the target language. Instead, we enforce a weaker notion of semantic preorder, which suffices to show that semantics are preserved for both whole-program and separate compilation. Because our logical relation is transitive, we can transition between intermediate program states in a small-step fashion and hence the shape of the proof resembles that of a simple small-step simulation. We use this technique to revisit the semantic correctness of a continuation-passing style (CPS) transformation and we demonstrate how it allows us to overcome well-known complications of this proof related to α-conversion and administrative reductions. In addition, by using a logical relation that is indexed by invariants that relate the resource consumption of two programs, we are able show that the transformation preserves diverging behaviors and that our CPS transformation asymptotically preserves the running time of the source program. Our results are formalized in the Coq proof assistant. Our continuation-passing style transformation is part of the CertiCoq compiler for Gallina, the specification language of Coq.

scholarly journals TERJEMAHAN CONJUNCTIVE RELATION (CR) DALAM NOVEL MIXED BLESSINGS DAN NOVEL BERKAH PENUH COBAAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriyono Sriyono
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Peculiar Form

<p>This paper discusses the form and meaning of conjunctive relation and how conjunctive relation is translated from source language into target language. The different system amongst languages  in forming words, sentences or paragraph might  represent  peculiar form and meaning. As a part of element in determining logical meaning, conjunctive relation can be in the  form of conjunction, verb, noun, preposition and implicit. Those forms signal how unity of a text is constructed. In translation, the use of conjunctive relation forms frequently make problem for translators since it is closely related to logical meaning in a text.  In translating text, different meaning between two languages should be occasionally translated into different form and meaning of the two languages. To understand a text comprehensively, a reader must know the unity of a text. One of the aspects to determine unity of a text in translation is conjunctive relation. The unity of a text can be covered with the conjunctive relation which signal logical relation among clauses, sentences and paragraph, so that in translation cohesiveness of a text is interpreted well both in source text and target text.</p><p>Keywords: Terjemahan, Conjuctive, Relation, Makna, Logis</p>

scholarly journals AFIKS TIDAK BAKU DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA RAGAM INFORMAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evynurul Laily Zen
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This paper discusses the form and meaning of conjunctive relation and how conjunctive relation is translated from source language into target language. The different system of amongst languages  in forming words, sentences or paragraph might  represent  peculiar form and meaning. As a part of element in determining logical meaning, conjunctive relation can be in the  form of conjunction, verb, noun, preposition and implicit. Those forms signal how unity of a text constructed. In translation, the use of conjunctive relation forms frequently make problem for translators since it  is closely related to logical meaning in a text.  In translating text, different meaning between two  languages should be occasionally translated into different form and meaning of the two languages. To understand a text comprehensively, a reader must know the unity of a text. One of the aspects to determine unity of a text in translation is conjunctive relation. The unity of a text can be covered with the conjunctive relation which signal logical relation among clauses, sentences and paragraph, so that in translation cohesiveness of a text is interpreted well both in source text and target text.

scholarly journals Simuliris: a separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lennard Gäher ◽  
Michael Sammler ◽  
Simon Spies ◽  
Ralf Jung ◽  
Hoang-Hai Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Logic ◽  
Program Transformations ◽  
Data Race ◽  
Compiler Optimizations ◽  
Concurrent Program ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Program Termination ◽  
Source Program ◽  
Data Races ◽  
Fair Scheduler

Today’s compilers employ a variety of non-trivial optimizations to achieve good performance. One key trick compilers use to justify transformations of concurrent programs is to assume that the source program has no data races : if it does, they cause the program to have undefined behavior (UB) and give the compiler free rein. However, verifying correctness of optimizations that exploit this assumption is a non-trivial problem. In particular, prior work either has not proven that such optimizations preserve program termination (particularly non-obvious when considering optimizations that move instructions out of loop bodies), or has treated all synchronization operations as external functions (losing the ability to reorder instructions around them). In this work we present Simuliris , the first simulation technique to establish termination preservation (under a fair scheduler) for a range of concurrent program transformations that exploit UB in the source language. Simuliris is based on the idea of using ownership to reason modularly about the assumptions the compiler makes about programs with well-defined behavior. This brings the benefits of concurrent separation logics to the space of verifying program transformations: we can combine powerful reasoning techniques such as framing and coinduction to perform thread-local proofs of non-trivial concurrent program optimizations. Simuliris is built on a (non-step-indexed) variant of the Coq-based Iris framework, and is thus not tied to a particular language. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of Simuliris on standard compiler optimizations involving data race UB, we also instantiate it with Jung et al.’s Stacked Borrows semantics for Rust and generalize their proofs of interesting type-based aliasing optimizations to account for concurrency.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I. W. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor

TRANSLATION SHIFT IN THE TRANSLATED NOVEL OF “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” BY FEMMY SYAHRIANNI

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Sukma Lestari And Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Source Language ◽  
To Kill A Mockingbird

The aim of this study were to find out category shift types used in thetranslation of novel To Kill A Bird and to describe of how category shift is translatedin the novel from English into Indonesian. This study were conducted by usingdescriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were words, phrases, andclauses in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird which is translated into Indonesian byFemmy Syahrianni. It was found that there were 280 data in the novel from Englishinto Indonesian. The data analysis were taken by listing and bolding. Documentarysheets used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were analyzed based onMiles and Huberman (2014) by condensation which consists of selecting, focusing,simplifying, abstracting and transforming and then data display by using table inorder to get easy analyzing the data. The result of this study were (1) there were fourtypes of category shifts found in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird namely; structureshifts (36.78%), class shift (27.14%), unit shift (32.5%) and intra-system shift(3.27%). (2) The process of category shifts in the translation novel by havingmodifier-head in source language changed into head-modifier in target language,adverb in source language changed into verb in target language, one unit in sourcelanguage changed into some units in target language. and plural in source languagechanged into singular in target language.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

STRUKTUR KOMPLEKS DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA ILMIAH DAN MASALAH PENERJEMAHANNYA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mirahayuni ◽  
Susie Chrismalia Garnida ◽  
Mateus Rudi Supsiadji
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Weight Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Target Languages

Abstract. Translating complex structures have always been a challenge for a translator since the structures can be densed with ideas and particular logical relations. The purpose of translation is reproducing texts into another language to make them available to wider readerships. Since language is not merely classification of a set of universal and general concept, that each language articulates or organizes the world differently, the concepts in one language can be radically different from another. One issue in translation is the difference among languages, that the wider gaps between the source and target languages may bring greater problems of transfer of message from the source into the target languages (Culler, 1976). Problematic factors involved in translation include meaning, style, proverbs, idioms and others. A number of translation procedures and strategies have been discussed to solve translation problems. This article presents analysis of complex structures in scientific Indonesian, the problems and effects on translation into English. The study involves data taken from two research article papers in Indonesian to be translated into English. The results of the analysis show seven (7) problems of Indonesian complex structures, whose effect on translation process can be grouped into two: complex structures related to grammar (including: complex structure with incomplete information, run-on sentences, redundancy , sentence elements with inequal semantic relation, and logical relation and choice of conjunctor) and complex structures related to information processing in discourse (including: front-weight- structure and thematic structure with changes of Theme element). Problems related to grammar may be solved with language economy and accuracy while those related to discourse may be solved with understanding information packaging patterns in the target language discourse. Keywords: scientific language, complex structures, translation

scholarly journals Linear capabilities for fully abstract compilation of separation-logic-verified code

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS VAN STRYDONCK ◽  
FRANK PIESSENS ◽  
DOMINIQUE DEVRIESE
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Separation Logic ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dynamic Contract ◽  
Modular Verification ◽  
Source Program ◽  
Memory Accesses ◽  
Memory Resources ◽  
Efficient Memory

Abstract Separation logic is a powerful program logic for the static modular verification of imperative programs. However, dynamic checking of separation logic contracts on the boundaries between verified and untrusted modules is hard because it requires one to enforce (among other things) that outcalls from a verified to an untrusted module do not access memory resources currently owned by the verified module. This paper proposes an approach to dynamic contract checking by relying on support for capabilities, a well-studied form of unforgeable memory pointers that enables fine-grained, efficient memory access control. More specifically, we rely on a form of capabilities called linear capabilities for which the hardware enforces that they cannot be copied. We formalize our approach as a fully abstract compiler from a statically verified source language to an unverified target language with support for linear capabilities. The key insight behind our compiler is that memory resources described by spatial separation logic predicates can be represented at run time by linear capabilities. The compiler is separation-logic-proof-directed: it uses the separation logic proof of the source program to determine how memory accesses in the source program should be compiled to linear capability accesses in the target program. The full abstraction property of the compiler essentially guarantees that compiled verified modules can interact with untrusted target language modules as if they were compiled from verified code as well. This article is an extended version of one that was presented at ICFP 2019 (Van Strydonck et al., 2019).

Die wichtigsten Charakterzüge der Übersetzungsmethode des Übersetzers František Benhart beim Übersetzen slowenischer Prosa ins Tschechische

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Jana Šnytová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Basic Features

Summary In this paper, I focused on the translation work by František Benhart which, due to its extensiveness, was of crucial importance to the reception of Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment of the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this study is the linguistic analysis of the literary translations of selected literary works of the canon of Slovenian literature into Czech. Translation can be considered to be a cultural transposition, i. e. a transfer of the text and cultural environment from the source language into the text and cultural environment of the target language. In the analyses, I focused on some partial issues that either dominated in the particular text (expressivity, phraseology, idiomatic or proper names) or occurred across the texts analysed (realia) and in this context, I searched for his specific translation solutions. I also examined short excerpts of the original text and its translated counterpart looking for the presence of stylistically marked elements. Based on the results of individual analyses, I presented Benhart’s specific translation approaches and I attempted to summarize and indicate the basic features of his translation method. Furthermore, my second objective was to point out the possible consequences of Benhart’s translation method for the reception of the Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment.

scholarly journals “Es gibt nur eine Sprache”: The ‘Task of the Translator’ in Rosenzweig’s Idea of Language and Redemption. Its Conceptual Homologies and Expansions

Naharaim ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Massimiliano De Villa
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Source Language

AbstractThe concurrence of different languages is one of the tenets of Rosenzweig Sprachdenken and of his translation activity which finds its main theoretical explication in the afterword to his ‘Zweiundneunzig Hymnen und Gedichte des Yehuda Halevi’ (Konstanz, Wöhrle, 1924). In the afterword to the translation of ha-Levi’s lyrical corpus, Rosenzweig outlines a translation model which, trying to convey all the morphological, syntactic and lexical traits of the source language into the target language, gives way to a real linguistic fusion which defies the limits and boundaries of expression and opens onto a redemptive perspective. On the basis of this concluding note and of some passages from ‘The Star of Redemption’, the article tries to analyse Rosenzweig’s idea of language and of its nexus with the idea of redemption with reference to Walter Benjamin’s famous essay ‘The Task of the Translator’ and, as a point of convergence, with Paul Celan’s conception of poetic language.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document