‘Beyond the Grave’: Equivalence of Specialized Phraseological Units Containing Dead Metaphors in an English-Spanish Dictionary of Commerce and Economics

This article examines a question of the interest of scholars dealing with phraseology, terminology and translation, namely the task of translating and finding equivalents of idiomatic expressions, such as specialized phraseological units (henceforth SPUs), especially those in which a dead metaphor underlies. Among the unsolved questions that phraseology still struggles with to establish itself as a discipline on its own right there are two hindering factors that are related to terminology and translation: on the one hand, specialized phraseology is an under-explored and a not institutionalized line of research, to the point of being deemed a non-coherent research field (Kjær, 2007, p. 507). On the other hand, phraseology is considered to be a missing training subject in translation academic syllabi (Corpas Pastor, 2003, p. 222). Therefore, this study intends to offer descriptive data that could be used as a starting point for finding answers regarding the identification and even the creation of equivalents for SPUs that include dead metaphors among their lexical components. The aim of this article is two-fold, (i) it will offer a series of linguistic analyses (morphosyntactic and semantic) of the word forms in the SPUs being analyzed, and their equivalents and (ii) it will shed light on the translation techniques (Molina & Hurtado Albir, 2002, pp. 509-511) used to coin the equivalents of these SPUs.

METAPHORS ANALYSIS IN BRING ME THE HORIZON’S “AMO” ALBUM SELECTED SONG LYRICS

The aims of this research is to know the types of metaphors found in Bring Me The Horizon’s “Amo” album selected song’s lyrics and what is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics. There are two research questions. They are: 1) what types of metaphors are found in Bring Me the Horizon’s selected song lyrics? 2) What is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics? The reason behind this research was conduct is to get more knowledge about figurative language especially metaphor and how it works in the literary world. This research uses descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the lyrics. The result of this research shows six types of metaphors by Newmark. Those are dead, cliché, stock, recent, original metaphor and simile. Two out of their three songs of Bring Me the Horizon, that is Medicine and In the Dark use dead metaphor and simile the most. It is then concluded that the intended meanings of their three songs is to tell other people who ever felt belittled, have social issues or being looked down to keep going and not affected by those hurtful words. In other words, Bring Me the Horizon uses the function of figurative language especially metaphor to express their message and applied them into their works. Keywords: Metaphor, meaning

Exploring Metaphor Use: Its Categories and Translation Strategies within the Novel Anak Bajang Menggiring Angin by Sindhunata into Herding the Wind by Joan Suyenaga

This research explores the use of metaphor categories and its translation strategies using the theory of Newmark (1988). The qualitative method was employed since the data were in the form of verbal data derived from novels. In the stage of collecting the data, an observational method followed by note-taking technique was applied. As indicated in the section of results and discussion, 151 data were considered to be metaphor in the ST whilst 90 data belong to TT and 61 other data were converted into other forms (simile, sense, and even deletion). Of six metaphor categories, four categories emerged in the texts whereas two out of them (Adapted and Recent metaphor) were not used. The metaphor category most dominantly used in both texts is dead metaphor with 111 data (11,2 %) in the ST and 70 data (7,8 %) in the TT whilst the strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor’ dominates over other strategies (81 data, 53,6 %). Meanwhile, the least strategy employed was ‘metaphor to simile with sense’ and strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor plus sense’ is disregarded. In addition, as the metaphor translation strategies were bound to the metaphor categories, the result poses that dead metaphor is the category translated by using the strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor’ in most frequency.

„Wada oświadczenia woli” jako metafora w akcie normatywnym

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the metaphor of the “defect of a declaration of will” in the legal language. The secondary goal is to note that a reflection on the metaphor is a CONTAINER image schema. Simultaneously, the metaphor of the “defect of a declaration of will” is in fact a dead metaphor. This essay is also focused upon an analysis of a function fulfilled by the metaphor in normative acts, judicial decisions, and legal doctrine.

When Figurative Language Goes off the Rails and under the Bus: Fluid Intelligence, Openness to Experience, and the Production of Poor Metaphors

The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults’ open-ended responses to different metaphor prompts were categorized. Poor metaphors fell into two broad clusters. Non-metaphors—responses that failed to meet the basic task requirements—consisted of “adjective slips” (describing the topic adjectivally instead of figuratively), “wayward attributes” (attributing the wrong property to the topic), and “off-topic idioms” (describing the wrong topic). Bad metaphors—real metaphors that were unanimously judged as uncreative—consisted of “exemplary exemplars” (vehicles that lacked semantic distance and thus seemed trite) and “retrieved clichés” (pulling a dead metaphor from memory). Overall, people higher in fluid intelligence (Gf) were more likely to generate a real metaphor, and their metaphor was less likely to be a bad one. People higher in Openness to Experience, in contrast, were more likely to generate real metaphors but not more or less likely to generate bad ones. Scraping the bottom of the response barrel suggests that creative metaphor production is a particularly complex form of creative thought.

Plumbing the Ovidian Halieutica

Remaining agnostic about the question of authenticity, this chapter argues that the Halieutica is a pronouncedly ‘Ovidian’ poem. As a didactic poem, it sits well alongside Ovid’s erotodidactic oeuvre, and, like those texts, it expertly wields the traditional tropes of the genre while also mildly parodying them. The stress on ars also fits well with Ovid’s preoccupation with art, artistry, and artfulness throughout his career. In the Halieutica, fishermen need to rely on ars for the very reason that fish, too, are characterized by craftiness and deceit: pursuer and pursued are equally matched and engaged, as it were, in a battle of wits. This is reminiscent of the hunting, fowling, and fishing of the Ars amatoria. Re-semanticizing a dead metaphor is a typical Ovidian move, and the implied anthropology of the Halieutica—that man is essentially a homo artifex—is germane to Ovid’s world view.

A Metaphorical Expressions on Justin Timberlake’s Songs

The purpose of this article is to analyze the types of metaphors and analyze the meaning in the lyrics of the song "Mirrors" and "Cry Me a River" by Justin Timberlake. The method uses qualitative because the data used contains song lyrics. Analysis of documents used to find data consists of phrases and sentences containing metaphorical expressions. The results of the discussion data showed that there are. There are 3 metaphors used in the two songs. These three are: Active Metaphor, Dead Metaphor and Mimatic Metaphor. This song uses metaphors and other types of meaning to beautify the song and to convey implicit messages in the song. The lyrics found in song lyrics have an important role in creating certain feelings and conveying messages.

The Sound of Reconciliation? Musical and sociocultural harmony in the Sri Lanka Norway Music Cooperation

This article presents findings from the Sri Lanka Norway Music Cooperation (SLNMC, 2009-2018) launched immediately after a twenty-four year long civil war in Sri Lanka. The project responded to a stated need of rebuilding a fractured society and re-establishing relations between Sinhala and Tamil populations of the island. The SLNMC comprised school concerts and public concerts, music education, heritage documentation and digitalization, in addition to skill training for musicians and technicians, festival organizers and other actors in cultural life. The article offers a critical phenomenological approach to the concept of harmony, where both phenomena of musical and socio-cultural harmony are displayed and discussed in relation to each other. I set out to investigate whether harmony in the SLNMC was a taken for granted, ´dead metaphor´ or an actual creative and impactful tool for implementing musical activities in a post-war context. Theoretically, my point of departure is Howell’s conceptual investigation of harmony in multicultural musical projects (Howell, 2018) and specifically in the South-Asia context (Howell, 2019). I have combined elements from her framework with Sykes (2011 and 2018a) as well as insights from my own research data to present a schema of three musical and three socio-cultural definitions of harmony paired and discussed in relation to each other. In conclusion, I argue that attention to various types of musical and socio-cultural harmony can cast new light on existing art for reconciliation-practices as well as generate fresh and fertile views on how to conceive, implement and assess such initiatives in the future.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor