Whole-Organism Analysis by Vibrational Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Christensen ◽  
Anja Rüther ◽  
Kamila Kochan ◽  
David Pérez-Guaita ◽  
Bayden Wood
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Spectroscopic Instrumentation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Made In

Vibrational spectroscopy has contributed to the understanding of biological materials for many years. As the technology has advanced, the technique has been brought to bear on the analysis of whole organisms. Here, we discuss advanced and recently developed infrared and Raman spectroscopic instrumentation to whole-organism analysis. We highlight many of the recent contributions made in this relatively new area of spectroscopy, particularly addressing organisms associated with disease with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. The application of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to entire organisms is still in its infancy, but new developments in imaging and chemometric processing will likely expand in the field in the near future.

scholarly journals Simultaneity and Precise Time in Rotation

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Koks
Keyword(s):  
Time Coordinate ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Precise Time ◽  
Made In

I analyse the role of simultaneity in relativistic rotation by building incrementally on its role in simpler scenarios. Historically, rotation has been analysed in 1 + 1 dimensions; but my stance is that a 2 + 1 -dimensional treatment is necessary. This treatment requires a discussion of what constitutes a frame, how coordinate choices differ from frame choices, and how poor coordinates can be misleading. I determine how precisely we are able to define a meaningful time coordinate on a gravity-free rotating Earth, and discuss complications due to gravity on our real Earth. I end with a critique of several statements made in relativistic precision-timing literature, that I maintain contradict the tenets of relativity. Those statements tend to be made in the context of satellite-based navigation; but they are independent of that technology, and hence are not validated by its success. I suggest that if relativistic precision-timing adheres to such analyses, our civilian timing is likely to suffer in the near future as clocks become ever more precise.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Li ◽  
Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng ◽  
Yi-Han Chiu ◽  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Ming-Feng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Made In

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies.

Crystal structure and temperature-dependent properties of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 – a novel gallogermanate

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 805-813
Author(s):  
Irma Peschke ◽  
Lars Robben ◽  
Christof Köhler ◽  
Thomas Frauenheim ◽  
Josef-Christian Buhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Debye Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Lattice ◽  
Temperature Dependent Properties ◽  
Balance Structure

AbstractSynthesis, crystal structure and temperature-dependent behavior of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 are reported. This novel gallogermanate crystallizes in space group I41/acd with room-temperature powder diffraction lattice parameters of a = 1298.05(1) pm and c = 870.66(1) pm. The structure consists of MO4 (M = Ga, Ge) tetrahedra in four-ring chains, which are connected by two different (left- and right-handed) helical chains of NaO6 octahedra. Protons coordinating the oxygen atoms of the GaO4 tetrahedra not linked to germanium atoms ensure the charge balance. Structure solution and refinement are based on single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Proton positions are estimated using a combined approach of DFT calculations and NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The thermal expansion was examined in the range between T = 20(2) K and the compound’s decomposition temperature at 568(5) K, in which no phase transition could be observed, and Debye temperatures of 266(11) and 1566(65) K were determined for the volume expansion.

Raman spectroscopic study of the photoprotection of extremophilic microbes against ultraviolet radiation

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G.M. Edwards ◽  
R. Moeller ◽  
S.E. Jorge Villar ◽  
G. Horneck ◽  
E. Stackebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Wavelength Radiation ◽  
Spectroscopic Instrumentation ◽  
Natronomonas Pharaonis ◽  
Uva Radiation

Extremophiles use a range of pigments for protection against low-wavelength radiation in exposed terrestrial habitats and photoaccessory materials are synthesized for the effective harnessing of photosynthetically active radiation. Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a useful probe for information on the survival strategies employed by extremophilic bacteria through the identification of key biomolecular signatures of the suite of protective chemicals synthesized by the organisms in stressed environments. Raman spectroscopic analyses of Bacillus spp. spores, Bacillus atrophaeus (DSM 675: deep red) and Bacillus subtilis (DSM 5611: light grey and DSM 7264: dark grey), Deinococcus radiodurans (pink) and Natronomonas pharaonis (red), of visually different pigmentation showed the presence of different carotenoids and other protectant biomolecules, which assist microorganisms against UVA radiation. The implications for the survival of extremophilic microbes in extraterrestrial habitats and for the detection of the protectant biomolecules by remote, robotic Raman spectroscopic instrumentation in an astrobiological search for life context are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Storage Conditions on the Biochemical Composition and Morphology of Dahlia Tubers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana CIOBANU ◽  
Maria CANTOR ◽  
Razvan STEFAN ◽  
Erzsebet BUTA ◽  
Klara MAGYARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Ft Raman

The aim of this study was to assess by means of biometric measurements and FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques the influence of storage conditions on the morphology and biochemical composition of Dahlia tubers. Investigated samples belong to ‘Kennemerland’ and ‘Red Pygmy’ cultivars of the Dahlia hybrida species, which were preserved over winterat 5-8 °C, 30-40% air humidity in different substrates: sand, sand and sawdust, peat and sawdust. The biometric parameters revealed that the peat and sawdust substrate is the most appropriate one for tubers storage, whereas the sand substrate is the least suitable one. The inulin signature was evidenced in all tuber samples as well as the changes of biochemical composition induced by different storage conditions. The analysis of the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra demonstrated that the inulinaccumulation inside the tubers is favourably influenced by the sand storage, and depends on the cultivar type. Moreover, it was established that the peat and sawdust substrate favours the polyacetylene formation inside the tubers probably because it facilitates the occurrence and development of pathogens inside the tuber. It was also found that the polyacetylene concentration increased, which is associated with the plant response to the pathogen invasion, depends on the cultivar type.

Comparative chemotype determination of Lamiaceae plants by means of GC–MS, FT-IR, and dispersive-Raman spectroscopic techniques and GC-FID quantification

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Rodríguez-Solana ◽  
Dimitra J. Daferera ◽  
Christina Mitsi ◽  
Panayiotis Trigas ◽  
Moschos Polissiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Ft Ir

scholarly journals Breaking the Barriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (05) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Made In

This article explores the new developments in the field of gas turbines and the recent progress that has been made in the industry. The gas turbine industry has had its ups and downs over the past 20 years, but the production of engines for commercial aircraft has become the source for most of its growth of late. Pratt & Whitney’s recent introduction of its new geared turbofan engine is an example of the primacy of engine technology in aviation. Many advances in commercial aviation gas turbine technology are first developed under military contracts, since jet fighters push their engines to the limit. Distributed generation and cogeneration, where the exhaust heat is used directly, are other frontiers for gas turbines. Work in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics has led to continued advances in compressor and turbine component performance and life. In addition, gas turbine combustion is constantly being improved through chemical and fluid mechanics research.

A Perspective on Improving Evidence and Practice in Cluttering

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Scaler Scott ◽  
Kenneth O. St. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Abstract In the past, the rationale for cluttering to be ignored, not to be taken seriously, and not to be diagnosed could be attributed to several factors stemming from problems in definition and research design. This article reviews these factors and outlines advances being made in the state of evidence on cluttering. Recommendations for ensuring that cluttering research, diagnosis, and treatment remain based in evidence are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document