scholarly journals Econometric Models of Network Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 775-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áureo de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Selective Review ◽  
Conditionally Specified Models ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Link Formation

This article provides a selective review of the recent literature on econometric models of network formation. I start with a brief exposition on basic concepts and tools for the statistical description of networks; then I offer a review of dyadic models, focusing on statistical models on pairs of nodes, and I describe several developments of interest to the econometrics literature. I also present a discussion of nondyadic models in which link formation might be influenced by the presence or absence of additional links, which themselves are subject to similar influences. This argument is related to the statistical literature on conditionally specified models and the econometrics of game theoretical models. I close with a (nonexhaustive) discussion of potential areas for further development.

Corruption

2019 ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toke Aidt
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Cross Country

Corruption, understood as a special means by which private agents may seek to pursue their interest in competition for preferential treatment by government officials or politicians and where the “means” are valued by the recipient, is viewed by most social scientists as a major obstacle to economic, political, and social development and a source of inefficiency. This chapter presents a framework and taxonomy for the study of corruption. Within this framework, corruption is conceptualized as a particular instance of the more general social phenomena we call influence-seeking activities. The chapter provides an overview of theoretical models of corruption, summarizes cross-country evidence on the causes and consequences of corruption, and evaluates the recent literature on laboratory, field, and quasi-natural experiments.

scholarly journals Knotting the MECO Network

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Reinhard Folk
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Scientific Exchange ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Further Development

The Conferences of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO) were created as an attempt to establish and maintain an exchange between scientists in the fields of statistical and condensed matter physics from Western and Eastern countries, overcoming the hurdles of the Iron Curtain. Based on personal remembrance and historical resources, the genesis and further development of MECO meetings is described. The annual meetings were interrupted in 1991 by the Yugoslav War but were re-established in 1993 and continue today. Although the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European Research programs changed the situation for the meetings considerably, the ties created by MECO still are useful to help scientific exchange. The history of European (and not only) statistical physics and the history of the MECO are tightly intertwined. It started in a time where an essential breakthrough has been achieved in statistical physics describing the features near phase transitions. In addition to the merging of solid-state physics and field theory concepts, the application of numerical methods (Monte Carlo methods) added a new pillar besides exact solutions and experiments to check theoretical models. In the following, the scientific emphasis (in general) has changed from the traditional fields of the first MECO to complexity and interdisciplinary themes as well.

scholarly journals The Application and Development of Deep Learning in Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110163
Author(s):  
Danju Huang ◽  
Han Bai ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yu Hou ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Radiation Oncologists ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Further Development

With the massive use of computers, the growth and explosion of data has greatly promoted the development of artificial intelligence (AI). The rise of deep learning (DL) algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), has provided radiation oncologists with many promising tools that can simplify the complex radiotherapy process in the clinical work of radiation oncology, improve the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosis, and reduce the workload, thus enabling clinicians to spend more time on advanced decision-making tasks. As the development of DL gets closer to clinical practice, radiation oncologists will need to be more familiar with its principles to properly evaluate and use this powerful tool. In this paper, we explain the development and basic concepts of AI and discuss its application in radiation oncology based on different task categories of DL algorithms. This work clarifies the possibility of further development of DL in radiation oncology.

scholarly journals Using the Econometric Models for Identification of Risk Factors for Albanian Smes (Case Study: Smes of Gjirokastra Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Lorenc Koçiu ◽  
Kledian Kodra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model

Using the econometric models, this paper addresses the ability of Albanian Small and Medium-sizedEnterprises (SMEs) to identify the risks they face. To write this paper, we studied SMEs operating in theGjirokastra region. First, qualitative data gathered through a questionnaire was used. Next, the 5-level Likertscale was used to measure it. Finally, the data was processed through statistical software SPSS version 21,using the binary logistic regression model, which reveals the probability of occurrence of an event when allindependent variables are included. Logistic regression is an integral part of a category of statistical models,which are called General Linear Models. Logistic regression is used to analyze problems in which one or moreindependent variables interfere, which influences the dichotomous dependent variable. In such cases, the latteris seen as the random variable and is dependent on them. To evaluate whether Albanian SMEs can identifyrisks, we analyzed the factors that SMEs perceive as directly affecting the risks they face. At the end of thepaper, we conclude that Albanian SMEs can identify risk

scholarly journals PARTICULARITIES OF AUTOMATED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE CITIES OF UKRAINE

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stepanchuk ◽  
A. Bieliatynskyi ◽  
A. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the basic concepts concerningthe possibility of increasing the efficiency and capacity of theroad traffic network in the cities of Ukraine. The paper alsoanalyzes some of the measures to improve road traffic managementthrough the further development of an automated trafficcontrol system.

scholarly journals Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Vasilis Christofilakis ◽  
Giorgos Tatsis ◽  
Spyridon K. Chronopoulos ◽  
Alexandros Sakkas ◽  
Anastasios G. Skrivanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Signal Attenuation ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Estimation Function

Many works have been conducted relevant to rainfall measurements, while the first relevant ones were based on the power loss estimation function from wireless links located back to the early 1940s. It is notable, though, that this innovative idea conduced to many theoretical models correlating the signal attenuation to the rainfall intensity. This type of parameter strongly contributes to the mechanism of frequency attenuation above 10 GHz. Consequently, in the last twenty years, there has been a significant boost to this research topic. Researchers all around the world have worked thoroughly on the issue of estimating rain with the use of earth-to-earth microwave signal attenuation. Nevertheless, the issue remains intriguing and challenging. This paper presents a literature survey, of the last decade, on this challenging issue focusing on measurements from backhaul cellular microwave links and experimental setups. Research challenges and future trends are also presented.

A Terminological and Ontological Analysis of the NCI Thesaurus

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 498-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Smith ◽  
L. Goldberg ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Representation System ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Principles Of Good Practice

Summary Objective: The National Cancer Institute Thesaurus is described by its authors as “a biomedical vocabulary that provides consistent, unambiguous codes and definitions for concepts used in cancer research” and which “exhibits ontology-like properties in its construction and use”. We performed a qualitative analysis of the Thesaurus in order to assess its conformity with principles of good practice in terminology and ontology design. Materials and Methods: We used both the on-line browsable version of the Thesaurus and its OWL-representation (version 04.08b, released on August 2, 2004), measuring each in light of the requirements put forward in relevant ISO terminology standards and in light of ontological principles advanced in the recent literature. Results: We found many mistakes and inconsistencies with respect to the term-formation principles used, the underlying knowledge representation system, and missing or inappropriately assigned verbal and formal definitions. Conclusion: Version 04.08b of the NCI Thesaurus suffers from the same broad range of problems that have been observed in other biomedical terminologies. For its further development, we recommend the use of a more principled approach that allows the Thesaurus to be tested not just for internal consistency but also for its degree of correspondence to that part of reality which it is designed to represent.

scholarly journals Determinants of Equilibrium Selection in Network Formation: An Experiment

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Hoyer ◽  
Stephanie Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Equilibrium Selection ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Formation Experiment ◽  
The Stability

Theoretical models on network formation focus mostly on the stability and efficiency of equilibria, but they cannot deliver an understanding of why specific equilibrium networks are selected or whether they are all actually reachable from any starting network. To study factors affecting equilibrium selection, we designed a network formation experiment with multiple equilibria, which can be categorized in terms of the demand on players’ farsightedness and robustness to errors. In a second scenario, we increase the need for farsighted behavior by players, as well as the perceived riskiness of equilibria by adding a stage in which the network is disrupted. This setting allows us to analyze the interplay between the need for farsightedness and perceived risk of errors and its effect on network formation and equilibrium selection.

scholarly journals LAND-SE: a software for landslide statistically-based susceptibility zonation, Version 1.0

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Rossi ◽  
Paola Reichenbach
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis Prediction ◽  
Mapping Units

Abstract. Landslide susceptibility (LS) provides an estimate of the landslide spatial occurrence based on local terrain conditions. LS has been evaluated in many locations around the world since the early '80 using distinct modelling approaches, diverse combination of variables, and different partition of the territory (mapping units). Among the different methods, statistical models have been largely used to assess LS and several model types have been proposed in the literature. A recent literature review revealed that authors not always present a complete and comprehensive assessment of the LS that includes model performance analysis, prediction skills evaluation and estimation of the errors and uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to describe LAND-SE (LANDslide Susceptibility Evaluation), software that performs susceptibility modelling and zonation using statistical models, quantifies the model performances and the associated uncertainty. The software is implemented in R, a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. This provides users with the possibility to implement and improve the code with additional models, evaluations tools or output types. The paper describes the software structure, explains input and output, illustrates specific applications with maps and graphs. The LAND-SE script is delivered with a basic user guide and three example datasets.

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