Identifying Potential miRNA Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Variable Selection Approach

Aim: This study aimed to accurately identification of potential miRNAs for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis at the early stages of the disease.Methods: We used GSE106817 data with 2,566 miRNAs to train the machine learning models. We used the Boruta machine learning variable selection approach to identify the strong miRNAs associated with GC in the training sample. We then validated the prediction models in the independent sample GSE113486 data. Finally, an ontological analysis was done on identified miRNAs to eliciting the relevant relationships.Results: Of those 2,874 patients in the training the model, there were 115 (4%) patients with GC. Boruta identified 30 miRNAs as potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis and hsa-miR-1343-3p was at the highest ranking. All of the machine learning algorithms showed that using hsa-miR-1343-3p as a biomarker, GC can be predicted with very high precision (AUC; 100%, sensitivity; 100%, specificity; 100% ROC; 100%, Kappa; 100) using with the cut-off point of 8.2 for hsa-miR-1343-3p. Also, ontological analysis of 30 identified miRNAs approved their strong relationship with cancer associated genes and molecular events.Conclusion: The hsa-miR-1343-3p could be introduced as a valuable target for studies on the GC diagnosis using reliable biomarkers.

Towards an Ontology of Representation

In philosophy information is mainly discussed along with the notion of aboutness. In more practical communities, information is mainly addressed together with notions like data and knowledge. This paper proposes a different approach. We look at information (and related concepts) as roles played by representations. This view implies that the notion of representation is central for any ontological analysis of information and related concepts. The paper provides arguments for this new stand and discusses an ontological model of representation based on the systematic distinction between form and content. The broadness and flexibility of the proposed model is shown by discussing a list of variegated representation entities from music to procedure, from novel to painting. The paper also investigates the role of letters (characters) in natural language expressions, which turns out to be quite complex.

Buryat Crossroads: Poetry and Mythological Thinking

The authors give a literary assessment of the monograph by I.V. Bulgutova Buryat philosophical lyrics: mythopoetic foundations and traditions with the involvement of some of her other works. A set of questions is studied related to the Buryat mythological school, the mythogenicity index of the Buryat professional literature, various types of mythological thinking, zoonymous mythical plots, the shamanistic cycle, the mythologization of history, and ethno-poetic constants. The practical part of the monograph under review is a mytho-ontological analysis of representative philosophical poetic texts by D. Ulzytuev, L. Tapkhaev, B. Syrenov, G. Radnaeva, R. Shoymardanova. Much attention is paid to the features of the Buryat Russian-language poetry, represented by the works of N. Nimbuev and B. Dugarov.

Liberal democracy and globalized capitalism in Africa: Perspective from Heidegger

This paper sets out to defend a set of mutually inclusive theses. First, it argues that liberal democracy’s sojourn in Africa is not political but economic. Secondly, that there is nothing natural about capitalism, rather capitalism was forcefully globalized in order to create the false impression that man is by nature motivated by self-interest or profit. But this paper demonstrates the historicity of capitalism. Finally, the paper employs Martin Heidegger’s ontological analysis to show that liberal democracy is just the political manifestation of what he calls “the nihilism of Western metaphysical thinking”, a thinking that is expansionist, dominating and ultimately “enframing”; (controlling). Using the expository, historical, analytic and critical methods, the essay demonstrates that the liberal democratic march in Africa is to provide the enabling conditions for capitalist exploitation. Thus, it argues that without the political ground- clearing capacity of liberal democracy, the economic domination and control by capitalism in Africa would be very difficult. In conclusion, the paper draws from the actual experience of liberal democracy and the thrust of capitalism in Africa to demonstrate their ontological ambivalence.

Global Challenges of Digital Transformation of Markets: Collaboration and Digital Assets

Cyber-physical system (CPS) and digital twin (DT) technologies are the key enablers of smart manufacturing. The main idea of CPS is to build bi-directional interaction channels between the physical and cyber worlds. The research gap is ontological consideration of the concept of the digital object (DO) as a representation of a physical object (PO) in the digital space/world. The objective of this study is an ontological analysis of the digital object (DO). This object is fairly well-understood from a technical point of view; although there are many options for its definition, its basic composition and functionality are defined clearly, but currently in the economic science DO has not yet been enough considered. The DO, which first appeared as a digital twin has not been properly explored by economic science. Authors attempt to determine whether all the properties and characteristics of the DO are described by modern economic language or whether there is a need to introduce new concepts and categories to describe such objects. The ontological analysis of the DO within the existing conceptual framework of economic science is presented. The result of the research is comprehensive study of DO which allows the consideration of the additional benefits that economic actors can gain from using the DO. We propose to analyze the DO in terms of such economic categories as goods; innovation process; the system of division of labor; the role of market participants in the creation and use of the DO; intellectual property; etc.

Ontological Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Roll out Strategies: A Comparison of India and the United States of America

The unprecedented outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to devise national strategies to curtail its spread. The present study analyzes the national strategies of India and the United States for the COVID-19 vaccine roll out. The paper presents an ontology of COVID-19 vaccine roll out, maps the national strategies, identifies, analyzes the emphases and gaps in them, and proposes corrections to the same. The analysis shows that the national strategies are selective in their focus and siloed in their approach. They must be systematized to address the emerging challenges effectively. Thus, there is need for a systemic understanding and analysis to reinforce the effective pathways to manage vaccine roll out, reposition the ineffective ones, and engineer new ones through feedback and learning.

Inflammation Associated Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Mothers Who Delivered Preterm and Were Randomly Assigned to a Standard vs Increased DHA Supplement

Objectives Our objective was to characterize the mRNA-seq transcriptome of the mammary gland of lactating mothers who delivered preterm and were enrolled in a randomized control trial (RCT) of standard versus increased DHA supplementation. We hypothesized that inflammation associated gene expression would be attenuated in the increased DHA group versus the standard dose group. Methods The RCT was completed by 8 participants randomized to standard of care DHA supplements (200 mg/day, STD group) and 10 randomized to increased DHA supplements (1000 mg/day, EXP group). High quality extracellular mammary epithelial cell mRNA was isolated from fresh milk fat and submitted to RNA-sequencing in n = 4 STD and n = 6 EXP DHA samples. Aligned and quantified reads were examined for differentially expressed genes using t-tests (DEG, p < 0.05 after false discovery rate adjustment). The resulting DEG list was intersected with the Broad Institute list of hallmark inflammation genes. Ontological analysis of DEGs was performed with Toppcluster. Results There were 409 DEGs overall, including 9 hallmark inflammation genes. In the EXP group, up-regulation of inflammation-inhibiting genes included NFKBIA (FC = 4.0) and IL18BP (FC = 3.6); and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes included IL7R (FC = −3.6) and IL1RL1 (FC = −3.9). Ontological analysis revealed 5 clusters of up-regulated gene sets in the EXP group, including immune regulation and management of oxidative stress associated clusters. Strong up-regulation was also seen in the major milk proteins LALBA (3.8-fold increase) and CSN2 (3.4-fold increase). Conclusions These findings reveal that increased DHA supplementation during lactation can modulate the expression of inflammation-associated genes within the mammary gland and support improved mammary gland function. These effects may have important clinical implications towards producing milk with a more optimal inflammasome profile and improving overall mammary gland health and function in lactating mothers who deliver preterm, with an overall benefit of reducing inflammation-driven morbidity in their premature infants. Future research with a larger RCT and greater interrogation of milk composition and volume is warranted. Funding Sources NIH, Mead Johnson Nutrition.

Modern Russian deviantology: history, methodology, social challenges and current trends

The article presents a historical and ontological analysis of modern Russian deviantology as a socially significant interdisciplinary field of knowledge. The scientific and historical context of deviantology is described. The categorical apparatus is justified. The author reveals the attributive signs of deviance and deviant behavior in the paradigm of the integrative-convergent model of interaction between the individual and the environment. The thesis about the formation of deviant identity through selective negative and aggressive identifications with significant parental figures is put forward. The problems of interdisciplinary dissociation and linear functionalism of deviantological knowledge are emphasized. The challenges of the time are described, and the prospects for development are determined.