The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: How Important Is Muscle?

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano ◽  
Candyce H. Kroenke ◽  
Bette J. Caan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although higher body mass index (BMI) increases the incidence of many cancers, BMI can also exhibit a null or U-shaped relationship with survival among patients with existing disease; this association of higher BMI with improved survival is termed the obesity paradox. This review discusses possible explanations for the obesity paradox, the prevalence and consequences of low muscle mass in cancer patients, and future research directions. It is unlikely that methodological biases, such as reverse causality or confounding, fully explain the obesity paradox. Rather, up to a point, higher BMI may truly be associated with longer survival in cancer patients. This is due, in part, to the limitations of BMI, which scales weight to height without delineating adipose tissue distribution or distinguishing between adipose and muscle tissue. Thus, cancer patients with higher BMIs often have higher levels of protective muscle. We assert that more precise measures of body composition are required to clarify the relationship of body size to cancer outcomes, inform clinical decision-making, and help tailor lifestyle interventions.

Parental Warmth and Hostility as Related to Sex Differences in Children's Achievement Orientation

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Oxford Manley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Children's Achievement ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is a critical review of studies concerning the relationship of parental warmth and hostility to sex-related differences in children's achievement orientation. Parental warmth seemed to operate differently upon girls' and boys' achievement orientation in most of the studies cited. Moderate but not high maternal warmth and even slight hostility were related to strong achievement∗ orientation in girls, while high maternal nurturance and affection were associated with strong achievement orientation in boys. However, the article warns against assuming a simple causal relationship between parental warmth and sex-related differences in children's achievement orientation. Achievement theories, two main parental dimensions, and future research directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Herding Behaviour in Investment Decision Making: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palak Dewan ◽  
Khushdeep Dharni
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Herding denotes how individuals act together in a group without any centralized direction. Herding is widely studied as it drives asset prices away from the fundamental value and there are concerns it leads to volatility, destabilizes the market and increases the fragility of the financial market. In this paper, a concise review of the literature of herding is provided.  Various types of herding, its significance and occurrences along with the determinants are discussed. Various approaches used for measuring herding have been reviewed.  The relationship of herding along with other variables such as market conditions, volatility, and liquidity is reviewed and studied. For the purpose of drafting the review paper, 79 papers for over three decades have been consulted.  Further, future research directions are included for the benefit of the academicians, researchers and policymakers.

Curvilinear relationship of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Entrepreneurial passion as a moderator

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yanbin Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Yuan ◽  
Yanpeng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Experience ◽  
Entrepreneurial Passion ◽  
Upward Slope ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We combined experience curve theory and social learning theory and proposed that the relationship between entrepreneurs' prior experience and their entrepreneurial self-efficacy would be curvilinear, with the upward slope of the curve gradually decreasing. Participants were 266 entrepreneurs in Southeast China who completed a survey. Our results show there was a nonlinear relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, suggesting that as entrepreneurs gained more experience, the rate of entrepreneurial self-efficacy slowed down. Furthermore, we found that entrepreneurial passion moderated this curvilinear relationship, such that when entrepreneurial passion was strong, nascent entrepreneurs with less experience exhibited greater entrepreneurial self-efficacy than did entrepreneurs with more experience. Theoretical contributions and future research directions are discussed.

Murder-suicide: bridging the gap between mass murder, amok, and suicide

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ryan Hagan ◽  
Matthew C Podlogar ◽  
Thomas E Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on mass murder and amok, and the relationship of these phenomena to murder-suicide as well as to determine future research directions. Design/methodology/approach – Research literature on mass murder, amok, and murder-suicide was reviewed in the context of recent developments in the understanding of suicide, aggressive behavior, and psychiatric diagnostics. Findings – Amok, typically viewed as a culture-bound disorder, occurs throughout the world and is best characterized as mass murder, similar to school shootings. Additionally, the phenomenon of mass murder may be best understood as a form of murder-suicide, related to the phenomenon of suicide-by-cop. Originality/value – This paper provides a review of the literature on murder-suicide, mass murder, and amok spanning over 110 years in the context of modern psychological research, new insights into the possible motivations of those who “run amok” and commit mass murder and provides future research directions for this important phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Relation of Mathematics and Language Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Wenna Wang ◽  
Caifang Jiang ◽  
Zhaolan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Language Ability ◽  
Mathematical Ability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How number is presented? Is it represented difference for different species? We first review behavioural and neuropsychological studies for the representation of different level of mathematical ability for animals, infants, lesion cases and images studies to demonstrate the relationship of mathematics and language. It can be included that 1) both humans and animals share an elemental number quantification system, which is without supporting by language ability; 2) the language ability is crucial to get higher mathematical ability. We then summarize the main research status for each line of studies. Finally, we outline recommendations for future research directions.

Discussion of the Relationships among the Main Participants Based on the Electric Vehicle Commercial Mode

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
Feng Ni ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Shuo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Participant ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The commercial mode of electric vehicles (EV) is helpful for the development of electric vehicle industry, which is also an effective way of forming the electric vehicle consuming market quickly. To research and explore the relationship of main participant bodies in the electric vehicle commercial market is an important research topic. Therefore, this paper, based on the proposed hierarchical structure of the electric vehicle commercial mode, analyzes the roles and functions of the chief market participant bodies from three levels. Finally, the paper discusses some future research directions.

Personal Digital Collections

2011 ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Marty ◽  
Scott Sayre ◽  
Silvia Filippini Fantoni
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
System Design ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Digital Collection ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Museum Websites ◽  
The Relationship

Personal digital collections systems, which encourage visitors to museum websites to create their own personal collections out of a museum’s online collections, are the latest trend in personalization technologies for museums and other cultural heritage organizations. This chapter explores the development, implementation, and evaluation of different types of personal digital collection interfaces on museum websites, from simple bookmarking applications to sophisticated tools that support high levels of interactivity and the sharing of collections. It examines the potential impact of these interfaces on the relationship between museums and their online visitors, explores the possible benefits of involving users as co-creators of digital cultural heritage, and offers an analysis of future research directions and best practices for system design, presenting lessons learned from more than a decade of design and development of personal digital collections systems on museum websites.

Hacia una conclusión

2020 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Allison Margaret Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Colonial Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Historical Silences ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the major methodological and theoretical approaches used in Mining Language, at once concluding the book and gesturing toward future research directions in the fields of history of colonial science and technology and Indigenous Studies. Specifically, it reflects on the relationship between history and literary studies within these intersecting fields. By reflecting on what colonial archives say and do not say, the conclusion argues for the importance of research ethics and methods that confront, acknowledge, and respond to historical silences.

Bibliometric study on relationship of agricultural credit with farmer distress

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Pandey ◽  
Prabir Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sanjeev Kadam ◽  
Manju Singh
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Citation Graph ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative analysis of the extant literature on farmer distress resulting from agricultural credit and identify research gaps. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used the citation analysis which is based on the citation graph. For the current study, the authors have used SCOPUS database. Findings The study reveals that the farmer distress is one of the social sustainability issues which have attracted major attentions from academia. Most of the studies in recent years are from South Asian perspectives and the extant literature focusing on some of the important issues like farmer challenges and pesticide poisoning. Most of the studies provide anecdotal evidences. Hence, the empirical research is scant. Originality/value The study is an attempt to provide an in-depth analysis, so that future research directions can be formulated.

HOW IS THE PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC RELATED TO THE NEED FOR COGNITION? A FACTOR ANALYTIC ANSWER

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Christopher ◽  
Jason R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and the need for cognition (NFC), 210 Americans completed the Mirels and Garrett (1971) PWE scale and the Cacioppo, Petty, and Kao (1984) NFC scale. Although there was no relationship between the composite PWE scale and NFC, there were relationships between two of three PWE factors and NFC. Specifically, correlational analyses revealed that the PWE factor of hard work as a means to success was negatively related to NFC, whereas the PWE factor of antileisure was positively related to NFC. Results are discussed with respect to the multidimensional structure of various PWE measures. Issues concerning the multifaceted nature of the PWE and future research directions are also considered.

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