The Physiology of Optimizing Health with a Focus on Exercise as Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Klarlund Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Physical inactivity is one of the leading health problems in the world. Strong epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates that exercise decreases the risk of more than 35 different disorders and that exercise should be prescribed as medicine for many chronic diseases. The physiology and molecular biology of exercise suggests that exercise activates multiple signaling pathways of major health importance. An anti-inflammatory environment is produced with each bout of exercise, and long-term anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via an effect on abdominal adiposity. There is, however, a need to close the gap between knowledge and practice and assure that basic research is translated, implemented, and anchored in society, leading to change of praxis and political statements. In order to make more people move, we need a true translational perspective on exercise as medicine, from molecular and physiological events to infrastructure and architecture, with direct implications for clinical practice and public health.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Approach to Chronic Osteoarthritis: From Molecular Research to Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12920
Author(s):  
Alessandro Colletti ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Arthritic Joints ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative inflammatory condition of the joint cartilage that currently affects approximately 58 million adults in the world. It is characterized by pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion with regard to the arthritic joints. These symptoms can cause in the long term a greater risk of overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and falls and fractures. Although the current guidelines for the treatment of OA suggest, as the gold standard for this condition, pharmacological treatment characterized by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), opioids, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific drugs, a great interest has been applied to nutraceutical supplements, which include a heterogeneous class of molecules with great potential to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, pain, and joint stiffness and improve cartilage formation. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential application of nutraceuticals in OA, highlighting its molecular mechanisms of actions and data of efficacy and safety (when available).

scholarly journals An integrated deterministic-stochastic approach for predicting the long-term trajectories of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Ghosh ◽  
Tanujit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
World Population ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Univariate Time Series ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Ar Models

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that affected almost every country in the world. As of June 30, 2020, it has caused an outbreak with more than 10 million confirmed infections, and more than 500 thousand reported deaths globally. Due to the unavailability of an effective treatment (or vaccine) and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic, the world population is currently in a vulnerable position. The daily cases data sets of COVID-19 for profoundly affected countries represent a stochastic process comprised of deterministic and stochastic components. This study proposes an integrated deterministic-stochastic approach to forecast the long-term trajectories of the COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain. The deterministic component of the daily-cases univariate time-series is assessed by an extended version of the SIR (SIRCX) model, whereas its stochastic component is modeled using an autoregressive (AR) time series model. The proposed integrated SIRCX-AR (ISA) approach based on two operationally distinct modeling paradigms utilizes the superiority of both the deterministic SIRCX and stochastic AR models to find the long-term trajectories of the epidemic curves. Experimental analysis based on the proposed ISA model shows significant improvement in the long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain in comparison to the ODE-based SIRCX model.

ETODOLAC, A WELL KNOWN AND ACTIVELY USED DRUG IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. WOULD IT BE TIME FOR US?

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
A. E. Karateev
Keyword(s):  
Pain Control ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Nsaid Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), a moderately selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, which has been already used in clinical practice for more than 30 years as a universal analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Etodolac has proven itself in relieving acute pain associated with injuries and surgical interventions (particularly in dentistry). However, the main point of application of etodolac is long-term pain control in chronic rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous clinical trials have shown that etodolac is at least not inferior in its therapeutic effect to many other popular representatives of the NSAID group or exceeds them. The main advantage of etodolac is the low frequency of gastrointestinal complications. This review presents the basic data available in the literature on the efficacy and safety of etodolac.

Some Generalizations about Generalization

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Chapanis
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Three fallacies about generalization are that so-called basic research is more generalizable than applied research, that general findings are immediately useful for design purposes, and that the use of taxonomies increases the generalizability of human factors studies. Some factors that limit generalizability are the use of unrepresentative subjects, insufficient training subjects receive before measurements are begun, inadequate sampling of tasks and situations, inappropriate selection of dependent variables, long-term changes in the world of work, and artifacts attributable to the measurement process itself In designing a study to predict behavior in a specific application, the guiding principle is similarity. The study should be as similar as possible to the real situation. Two principles should be followed to design studies whose findings can be extrapolated to a wide range of situations: (1) design heterogeneity into the studies and (2) replicate earlier studies with variations in subjects, variables, or procedures.

scholarly journals Practical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in relieving recurrent headaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Gyuzyal R. Тabeeva ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina A. Kiryanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
The World ◽  
Headache Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rule Out

The main burden of headache in the world falls on primary cephalalgia (tension headache, migraine). However, there is often a need to rule out a secondary cause of the headache. This review presents the main options for the differential diagnosis of cephalgias, taking into account the patient’s age, headache characteristics, and anamnestic information. The role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in headache treatment, the safety of its long-term use and prevention of medication overuse headache are discussed.

scholarly journals Many years of experience in using a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
I. S. Dydykina ◽  
P. S. Kovalenko ◽  
A. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Timely Administration ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kb

The article presents the main approaches to choosing the treatment of osteoarthritis and the main links in the pathogenesis of this disease. The effects of glucosamine and chondroitin on the main pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoarthritis that prevent its progression are described. There are discussed an effectiveness and safety of treatment of the disease with a focus on the use of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate (Arthra), as well as their combination with methylsulfonylmethane and sodium hyaluronic acid (Arthra MSM). Methylsulfonylmethane reduces pain, it is involved in the processes of maintaining and regeneration of connective tissue, in the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen. It is suggested that this compound may have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties due to the inhibition of the nuclear factor kB signaling pathway, which allows to reduce the local and systemic inflammatory response, as well as suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and much more. This article also presents experimental and clinical evidence of the effectiveness and safety of these compounds. It has been convincingly demonstrated the possibility with these drugs to reduce joint pain and the need for analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to improve the quality of life. Currently, symptomatic slow-acting drugs, which include the discussed ones, are recommended to be prescribed as first-line drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Timely administration of symptomatic slow-acting drugs, their long-term use contributes not only to reducing the progression of the disease, but also makes it possible to avoid or delay endoprosthetics. In this article there is indicated the contribution of Russian scientists to obtaining evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Arthra and Arthra MSM in the application of various treatment modes in osteoarthritis of the knee joints and lower back pain.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

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