Some Generalizations about Generalization

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Chapanis
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Three fallacies about generalization are that so-called basic research is more generalizable than applied research, that general findings are immediately useful for design purposes, and that the use of taxonomies increases the generalizability of human factors studies. Some factors that limit generalizability are the use of unrepresentative subjects, insufficient training subjects receive before measurements are begun, inadequate sampling of tasks and situations, inappropriate selection of dependent variables, long-term changes in the world of work, and artifacts attributable to the measurement process itself In designing a study to predict behavior in a specific application, the guiding principle is similarity. The study should be as similar as possible to the real situation. Two principles should be followed to design studies whose findings can be extrapolated to a wide range of situations: (1) design heterogeneity into the studies and (2) replicate earlier studies with variations in subjects, variables, or procedures.

CURRENT BEST PRACTICES AND BIOBANKING RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Doludin ◽  
A. L. Borisova ◽  
M. S. Pokrovskaya ◽  
O. V. Stefanyuk ◽  
O. V. Sivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Selection Of

The biobank is a structure established with the goal of long-term responsible storage of biological samples and the associated data for their further use in scientific and clinical research. The objectives of biobanking are the creation of unified recommendations on: the planning of premises and the selection of equipment for storage; development of management methods and staff training; standardization of methods for the collection, shipping, processing and storage of biomaterial of various origins, as well as methods for quality control and validation of the applied methods; creation and use of databases of information accompanying biospecimens. The lack of common standards for conducting the preanalytical phase has been the cause of low accuracy and poor reproducibility of research results. To date, a large number of guidelines and best practices have been published that provide an answer to a wide range of problems in organizing the biobanking process. The article provides an overview of the most famous biobanking guidelines that can be used to solve various research problems. Biobanking in Russia is actively developing. Since 1996 there is a work on the legislative regulation of biobanking activities, as a result of which a number of regulatory documents have been issued. An important stage in the development of biobanking in Russia was the establishment of the “National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists” (NASBio) in 2018, which included representatives of medical and research institutions, commercial firms, and qualified specialists in the field of biobanking. One of the key tasks of NASBio is the adaptation and implementation of the best biobanking practices in Russian research institutes and centers. The use of modern guidelines and best practices on biobanking will lead to an increase in the quality of research and publications.

scholarly journals Selection of Dried and Table Apricots in Nevsehir and Nigde Regions, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
Veyis YURTKULU ◽  
Ali KÜDEN ◽  
Ayzin B. KÜDEN
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Brix Value ◽  
Apricot Tree ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

Apricot, for which Turkey is recognized as a top producer and the leading country in the world, is one of the most produced stone fruits in Turkey. For long time ago, apricot has been grown with the nursery plants obtained from the seeds in Nevsehir and Nigde provinces caused a wide range of germplasm resources in this area (Cappadocia area). Each apricot tree shows different characteristics and could be a variety candidate. With this study, phenological and pomological characters of 91 genotypes were determined and among them 15 of the best promising genotypes were given in this paper. Considering the experimented 15 genotypes, 8 genotypes gave higher Brix value (SSC) (27-31%) than ‘Hacihaliloglu’ variety (25-26%) which was the most common dried apricot variety in Turkey. Regarding the fruit weight, which is an important aspect for both dried and table fruits, high valued genotypes were also determined. The fruit weight of 11 genotypes were higher than 50 g with the values between 51.45 g and 84.02 g. As a result of this study, candidates for dried and table apricot genotypes were identified.

scholarly journals Scenario of Bangladesh in Various Sectors Due to Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84-79-84
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Service ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on the 11th March 2020. COVID-19 has a wide range of effects. Increased Covid-19 infection is a major risk factor due to human unconsciousness and disobedience. The effects are increasing gradually. Therefore, the Bangladesh government has imposed a lockdown, but the outcome is adverse to this lockdown. It has shown us the real situation in our economic, social, education, service, and health sectors. It reveals, in particular, that, as a result of Covid-19, our health sector, which is a basic human need, has entirely broken down, and that, as a result of the epidemic, our educational system has also been impacted. Generally speaking, the education sector will suffer significant damage. Our main purpose in this paper is to show the impact of Covid-19 on different sectors of our country.

scholarly journals “For there is nothing lost, that may be found, if sought”. Manuscript terminology across languages and scientific disciplines

De Medio Aevo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Christine Jakobi-Mirwald ◽  
Marilena Maniaci
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Manuscript Studies ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
German Art ◽  
Selection Of

The complex terminology used in the description of medieval books in manuscript catalogues and other scientific contributions offers a wide range of possible ambiguities and losses across languages and disciplines, losses that become evident most notably on their crossing paths in the Internet. . Sadly enough, true long-term collaboration across countries and disciplines is more the exception than the rule, which is also why the question of terminology and its translation is frequently neglected. The authors of the present contribution, an Italian codicologist and a German art historian – both of whom have provided lexicographical work tools which have seen several translations) – propose an overview of the work tools currently available (theoretical reflections, dictionaries, multilingual glossaries), followed by a small but significant selection of examples of gaps, ambiguities and other problems regarding the building of a shared multilingual language in manuscript studies. 

scholarly journals Cryopreservation and transplantation of common carp spermatogonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Béla Urbányi ◽  
Michaela Fučíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Surrogate Production

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultured fish species over the world with many different breeds and plenty of published protocols for sperm cryopreservation, however, data regarding preservation of gonadal tissue and surrogate production is still missing. A protocol for freezing common carp spermatogonia was developed through varying different factors along a set of serial subsequent experiments. Among the six cryoprotectants tested, the best survival was achieved with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In the next experiment, a wide range of cooling rates (0.5–10 °C/min) and different concentrations of Me2SO were tested resulting in the highest survival using 2 M Me2SO and cooling rate of –1 Q59 A When testing different tissue sizes and incubation times in the cryomedium, the highest viability was observed when incubating 100 mg tissue fragments for 30 min. Finally, sugar supplementation did not yield significant differences. When testing different equilibration (ES) and vitrification solutions (VS) used for needle-immersed vitrification, no significant differences were observed between the tested groups. Additionally, varied exposure time to VS did not improve the vitrification outcome where the viability was 4-fold lower than that of freezing. The functionality of cryopreserved cells was tested by interspecific transplantation into sterilized goldfish recipients. The exogenous origin of the gonads in goldfish recipients was confirmed by molecular markers and incorporation rate was over 40% in both groups at 3 months post transplantation. Results of this study can serve as an alternative way for long-term preservation of germplasm in carp which can be recovered in a surrogate recipient.

scholarly journals Clinical case of acute hepatitis caused by parvovirus B 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
K. V. Sobolevskiy ◽  
I. A. Otmakhova ◽  
B. Ya. Gadirova ◽  
Zh. E. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Parvovirus B 19

Parvovirus infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. Parvovirus В19 can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations with possible long-term viral persistence. Infectious erythema, arthropathy, fetal infection, and blood cell aplasia are the most common manifestations of parvovirus infection. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a rare variant of parvovirus B19 infection that occurred as acute hepatitis is presented. 

scholarly journals A Note from the New Book Review Editor

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Manlio Della Marca
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Review Section ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Review Editor ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Selection Of

Starting with this issue, our journal will include a completely redesigned Book Review Section, featuring three to five high-quality reviews by leading and emerging scholars from around the world. As for the selection of the books to be reviewed, even though I am a literary scholar, it is my intention as Review Editor to consider books that engage with the U.S. and the Americas as a hemispheric and global phenomenon from a wide range of perspectives and disciplines, including anthropology, art history, and media studies.

Editorial: Taste of City, transnational food and place marketing

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Evinc Dogan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Place Marketing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

In this special issue of Transnational Marketing Journal, we brought together a selection of articles drawn from presentations at the Taste of City Conference 2016: Food and Place Marketing which was held at the University of Belgrade, Serbia on 1st September 2016. We have supported the event along with Transnational Press London. We thank to Goran Petkovic, the Faculty of Economics at the University of Belgrade, and Goran’s volunteer students team who helped with the conference organisation. Mobilities are often addressed within social sciences varying across a wide range of disciplines including geography, migration studies, cultural studies, tourism, sociology and anthropology. Food mobilities capture eating, tasting, producing and consuming practices as well as traveling and transferring. Food and tastes are carried around the world, along the routes of mobility through out the history. As people take their own culture to the places, they take their food too. Food meets and mingles with other cultures on the way. Fusion food is born when food transcends the borders and mix with different ingredients from different culinary traditions. Although certain places are associated and branded with food, it is a challenging job to understand the role of food and taste in forming and reformulating the identity of places. 

ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED INFERTILITY OF A COWS ON DAIRY FARMS IN PRIMORYE AND PRIAMURYE

1970 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
N. F. Klyuchnikova ◽  
М. T. Klyuchnikov ◽  
Е. M. Klyuchnikova
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sexual Excitation ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents data on long-term observations about the occurrence of infertility of cows on dairy farms of Primorye and Priamurya, which indicate the presence of errors in the selection of cows for insemination, which leads to unjustified losses from temporary infertility of healthy animals. The problem of selecting cows for insemination exists on dairy farms all over the world, and each farmer solves it based on his own experience, finances and traditions. Currently, a large number of methods are proposed to improve the accuracy of the definition of cows in "hunting", but as practice has shown, none of them gives 100% reliability. For 50 years of work on the biology of animal reproduction, the authors have tested many of them on dairy farms in the south of the Far East. Our experiments on large farms with free-range cattle loose housing in the Ussuriysk and Khorolsk districts of the Primorsky Territory and the Khabarovsk district of the Khabarovsk Territory confirmed the recommendations on a higher efficiency of three-time detection of cows in heat. At the "Blagodatnoye" farm in the Khabarovsk Territory, with a loose-box keeping of cows 50 cows per box, an experiment was conducted with round-the-clock observation of the animals behavior. Symptoms of sexual excitation, immobility reflex, severity of estrus were recorded continuously for 13 days. The room housed 384 cows of different ages and productivity, which came from the calving pen after calving.

Viability of Litchi chinensis seeds when stored in air and in water

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Ray ◽  
S. B. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Selection Of

India is the second largest litchi producing country in the world after China (Syamal & Mishra, 1984), yet the number of litchi cultivars grown in the country is quite small compared with mango (Mangifera indica). In mango most of the choicest Indian cultivars have been obtained from chance seedlings (Singh, 1960) grown in the past without any definite aim in mind. Litchi, as a result of crosspollination (Chaturvedi, 1965), is a highly heterozygous fruit, and as such, its seedlings, like those of mango, exhibit a wide range of variation which helps in the selection of new desired types. It has, thus, been emphasized that litchi should be grown in bulk from seeds to introduce genetic variability (Kumar & Thakur, 1981). Kadman & Slor (1974), encouraged by excellent success in grafting, have also stressed the need for raising plants through seeds for rootstocks.

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