scholarly journals Domestic Pressure and International Climate Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tavoni ◽  
Ralph Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
International Policy ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Shed Light

In the wake of 25 United Nations Climate Change Conferences of the Parties (and counting), international cooperation on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to avoid substantial and potentially irreversible climate change remains an important challenge. The limited impact of the Kyoto Protocol on curbing emissions, and the gap between the ambitions of its successor and the Paris Agreement's lack of sanctioning mechanisms for addressing noncompliance, demonstrates both the difficulties in negotiating ambitious environmental agreements and the reluctance of countries to comply with their agreed emission targets once they have joined the treaty. Therefore, a better understanding of the obstacles and opportunities that the interactions between domestic and international policy pose for the design of successful international climate cooperation is of utmost importance. To shed light on the roots of the stalemate (and suggest possible ways out), this article reviews and draws lessons from a growing theoretical, experimental, and empirical literature that accounts for the hierarchical interplay between domestic political pressure and international climate policy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Pursuing an Indigenous Platform: Exploring Opportunities and Constraints for Indigenous Participation in the UNFCCC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Belfer ◽  
James D. Ford ◽  
Michelle Maillet ◽  
Malcolm Araos ◽  
Melanie Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
Indigenous Participation ◽  
International Climate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Potential Interactions

Despite growing consensus that Indigenous peoples, knowledge systems, rights and solutions should be meaningfully included in international climate change governance, substantive improvements in practice remain limited. An expanding body of scholarship examines the evolving discursive space in which issues facing Indigenous peoples are treated, with a predominant focus on decision outcomes of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC). To understand the opportunities and constraints for meaningful participation of Indigenous peoples in international climate policy making, this article examines the experiences of Indigenous participants in the UNFCCC. We present findings from semistructured interviews with key informants, showing that material constraints and the designation of Indigenous peoples as nonstate observers continue to pose challenges for participants. Tokenism and a lack of meaningful recognition further constrain participation. Nevertheless, networks of resource sharing, coordination, and support organized among Indigenous delegates alleviate some of the impacts of constraints. Additionally, multistakeholder alliances and access to presidencies and high-level state delegates provide opportunities for international and national agenda-setting. The space available for Indigenous participation in the UNFCCC is larger than formal rules dictate but depends on personal relationships and political will. As the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform established by the Paris Agreement formalizes a distinct space for Indigenous participants in the UNFCCC, this article outlines existing opportunities and constraints and considers potential interactions between the evolving platform and existing mechanisms for participation.

Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate: Blockade or Impe- tus for the International Climate Regime?

elni Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Christoph Holtwisch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Climate

The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate [APP or AP6] is a very new phenomenon in international climate policy. It has important effects on the traditional climate regime formed by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change [FCCC] and its Kyoto Protocol [KP]. From its own point of view, the APP is a grouping of key nations to address serious and long-term challenges, including anthropogenic climate change. The APP partners - Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and the USA - represent roughly half the world economy and population, energy consumption and global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, this “coalition of the emitting” is – and will be – a central factor in international climate policy.

scholarly journals Extreme Weather and Climate Change: Population Health and Health System Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie L. Ebi ◽  
Jennifer Vanos ◽  
Jane W. Baldwin ◽  
Jesse E. Bell ◽  
David M. Hondula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health System ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure

Extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves, cyclones, and floods, are an expression of climate variability. These events and events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, continue to cause significant human morbidity and mortality and adversely affect mental health and well-being. Although adverse health impacts from extreme events declined over the past few decades, climate change and more people moving into harm's way could alter this trend. Long-term changes to Earth's energy balance are increasing the frequency and intensity of many extreme events and the probability of compound events, with trends projected to accelerate under certain greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. While most of these events cannot be completely avoided, many of the health risks could be prevented through building climate-resilient health systems with improved risk reduction, preparation, response, and recovery. Conducting vulnerability and adaptation assessments and developing health system adaptation plans can identify priority actions to effectively reduce risks, such as disaster risk management and more resilient infrastructure. The risks are urgent, so action is needed now. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 42 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Capitalization of Agricultural Subsidies into Land Prices

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Ciaian ◽  
Edoardo Baldoni ◽  
d'Artis Kancs ◽  
Dušan Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Decoupled Payments ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Rural Market

We review the recent theoretical and empirical literature on the capitalization of agricultural subsidies into land prices. The theoretical literature predicts that agricultural subsidies are capitalized into land prices when land supply is inelastic and land markets function well. The share of capitalized subsidies significantly depends on the implementation of farm subsidies, local land-market institutions, rural market imperfections, and spatial effects. Most empirical studies have shown that agricultural subsidies are only partially capitalized into land prices, estimating that decoupled payments and land-based subsidies exhibit higher capitalization than coupled payments and nonland-based subsidies, respectively. However, estimated capitalization rates vary widely across studies largely because of data availability and identification challenges. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Disinformation, and How to Combat It

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Lewandowsky
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Multiple Levels

Climate change presents a challenge at multiple levels: It challenges our cognitive abilities because the effect of the accumulation of emissions is difficult to understand. Climate change also challenges many people's worldview because any climate mitigation regime will have economic and political implications that are incompatible with libertarian ideals of unregulated free markets. These political implications have created an environment of rhetorical adversity in which disinformation abounds, thus compounding the challenges for climate communicators. The existing literature on how to communicate climate change and dispel misinformation converges on several conclusions: First, providing information about climate change, in particular explanations of why it occurs, can enhance people's acceptance of science. Second, highlighting the scientific consensus can be an effective means to counter misinformation and raise public acceptance. Third, culturally aligned messages and messengers are more likely to be successful. Finally, climate misinformation is best defanged, through a process known as inoculation, before it is encountered, although debunking techniques can also be successful. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 42 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals BRICS Countries in International Climate Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Yuri Yurievich Kovalev ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Porshneva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
International Climate

The article presents an analysis of the BRICS countries climate policies at the global and national levels. The authors consider the positions of these states within the framework of both international climate conferences (Conference of the Parties) held under the auspices of the UN since 1992, and the summits of BRICS member states in the years 2011-2020. The paper covers strategies and results of national climate policies implemented in these countries. Using structural, comparative, and content analysis methods, the authors emphasize that BRICS countries play a key role in stabilizing the climate of our planet today. It is impossible to achieve the main aim of the Paris Agreement without a comprehensive transformation of environmental practices in these societies. BRICS adheres to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in its position towards international climate policy; the BRICS countries stand for sustainable economic growth through the introduction of new environmental technologies, and against restrictive measures that impede their economic development. At the same time, the Russian economys dependence on the extraction and export of fuel resources complicates environmental transformation. Russia is dominated by a negative narrative of climate change, where the urgent ecological modernization of the economy is seen as a threat to key sectors (oil and gas) of the economy. The implementation of international agreements to reduce the carbon intensity of the Russian economy, the creation of conditions for the transition to climate-neutral technologies, would contribute not only to the fight against global climate change, but would become a powerful incentive for the modernization of the economy, accelerating innovation and increasing its competitiveness.

scholarly journals Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvard Buhaug ◽  
Nina von Uexkull
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Conflict Risk

Climate change threatens core dimensions of human security, including economic prosperity, food availability, and societal stability. In recent years, war-torn regions such as Afghanistan and Yemen have harbored severe humanitarian crises, compounded by climate-related hazards. These cases epitomize the powerful but presently incompletely appreciated links between vulnerability, conflict, and climate-related impacts. In this article, we develop a unified conceptual model of these phenomena by connecting three fields of research that traditionally have had little interaction: ( a) determinants of social vulnerability to climate change, ( b) climatic drivers of armed conflict risk, and ( c) societal impacts of armed conflict. In doing so, we demonstrate how many of the conditions that shape vulnerability to climate change also increase the likelihood of climate–conflict interactions and, furthermore, that impacts from armed conflict aggravate these conditions. The end result may be a vicious circle locking affected societies in a trap of violence, vulnerability, and climate change impacts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Network Analysis of Psychopathology: Controversies and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
First Century ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Network Approaches

Empirical publications inspired by the network approach to psychopathology have increased exponentially in the twenty-first century. The central idea that an episode of mental disorder arises from causal interactions among its symptomatic elements has especially resonated with those clinical scientists whose disenchantment with traditional categorical and dimensional approaches to mental illness have become all too apparent. As the field has matured, conceptual and statistical concerns about the limitations of network approaches to psychopathology have emerged, inspiring the development of novel methods to address these concerns. Rather than reviewing the vast empirical literature, I focus instead on the issues and controversies regarding this approach and sketch directions where the field might go next. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 17 is May 7, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE: POLICY AND ACTION

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dr Tony Beck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Greenhouse Emission

The Framework Convention on Climate Change, first negotiated at the Rio 'Earth Summit', has recently been ratified by the required 50 countries. Now that the Convention has come into force the pace of implementation will quicken with important implications for Australia and world trade. Developed countries, including Australia, are likely to be under significant pressure to strengthen the emission control commitments they made at Rio.For a country like Australia with growing energy demand and a dependence on fossil fuels, the potential costs of meeting stringent greenhouse emission constraints are high, both in terms of domestic economic costs and lost export markets. We need to be vigilant with respect to policy developments in other countries and need to ensure that domestic greenhouse policies are appropriate to our circumstances.The recent International Negotiating Committee (INC9) meeting in Geneva gives an indication of the direction of international policy developments and a forewarning of the potential dangers for Australia. This paper reviews the outcomes of INC9 and considers the implications of these developments for Australia.

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