scholarly journals Coupling of 3D Porous Hosts for Li Metal Battery Anodes with Viscous Polymer Electrolytes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bumjun Park ◽  
Christiana Oh ◽  
Sooyoun Yu ◽  
Bingxin Yang ◽  
Nosang Vincent Myung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Viscous Polymer ◽  
Major Attention

Abstract As the energy storage markets demand increased capacity of rechargeable batteries, Li metal anodes have regained major attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, Li anodes tend to have dendritic growth and constant electrolyte consumption upon cycling, which lead to safety concerns, low Coulombic efficiency, and short cycle life of the battery. In this work, both conductive and non-conductive 3D porous hosts were coupled with a viscous (melt) polymer electrolyte. The cross-section of the hosts showed good contact between porous hosts and the melt polymer electrolyte before and after extensive cycling, indicating that the viscous electrolyte successfully refilled the space upon Li stripping. Upon deep Li deposition/stripping cycling (5 mAh cm-2), the non-conductive host with the viscous electrolyte successfully cycled, while conductive host allowed rapid short circuiting. Post-mortem cross-sectional imaging showed that the Li deposition was confined to the top layers of the host. COMSOL simulations indicated that current density was higher and more restricted to the top of the conductive host with the polymer electrolyte than the liquid electrolyte. This resulted in quicker short circuiting of the polymer electrolyte cell during deep cycling. Thus, the non-conductive 3D host is preferred for coupling with the melt polymer electrolyte.

Calcium Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate Cathodes for Rechargeable Divalent Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 057-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Padigi ◽  
Neal Kuperman ◽  
Joseph James Thiebes ◽  
Gary Goncher ◽  
David Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate

Calcium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CaCoHCF) was synthesized and tested as a cathode material for rechargeable batteries, using divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+). CaCoHCF demonstrated reversible specific capacity and coulombic efficiency (in parentheses) of 45.49 mAh/g (99.18%) for Mg2+, 55.04 mAh/g (99.2%) for Ca2+, and 44.09 mAh/g (99.42%) for Ba2+, at a current density of 25 mA/g. Of the three ions, Ca2+ resulted in the highest absolute specific capacity as well as high specific capacity utilization. The cathodes were also subjected to rate capability measurements using current densities of 50 mA/g (30 cycles) and 0.1 A/g (100 cycles). Upon addition of 2 mL water to the non-aqueous electrolyte, the fraction of theoretical specific capacity increased to 0.55 for Mg2+, 94.8% for Ca2+, and 95.53% forBa2+. This increase has been interpreted as the ability of the cathode material to intercalate and de-intercalate more ions due to the electrostatic shielding provided by water molecules between the host lattice and the guest cations. An empirical relationship between the cation size and specific capacity utilization is presented.Calcium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CaCoHCF) was synthesized and tested as a cathode material for rechargeable batteries, using divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+). CaCoHCF demonstrated reversible specific capacity and coulombic efficiency (in parentheses) of 45.49 mAh/g (99.18%) for Mg2+, 55.04 mAh/g (99.2%) for Ca2+, and 44.09 mAh/g (99.42%) for Ba2+, at a current density of 25 mA/g. Of the three ions, Ca2+ resulted in highest absolute specific capacity as well as high specific capacity utilization. The cathodes were also subjected to rate capability measurements using current densities of 50 mA/g (30 cycles) and 0.1 A/g (100 cycles). Upon addition of 2 mL water to the non-aqueous electrolyte, the fraction of theoretical specific capacity increased to 0.55 for Mg2+, 94.8% for Ca2+, and 95.53% forBa2+. This increase has been interpreted as the ability of the cathode material to intercalate and de-intercalate more ions due to the electrostatic shielding provided by water molecules between the host lattice and the guest cations. An empirical relationship between the cation size and specific capacity utilization is presented.

Gel polymer electrolyte combined lignocellulose with sodium alginate in lithium-ion battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Xu ◽  
Junyuan Gan ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Jiapin Liu ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Cyclic Stability ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Electrolyte Uptake

The adoption of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a solution to efficiently solve the serious security risk of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). GPE based on lignocellulose (LC) and sodium alginate (SA) was prepared. When the proportion of SA reaches up to 20 wt.%, the obtained composite membrane has a liquid electrolyte uptake of 337 wt.% and a porosity of 58%, and its mechanical strength is over four times than that of pure LC-based membrane. In addition, the corresponding GPE with 20 wt.% SA (GLCSA-20) presents high lithium-ion transference number of 0.76, distinguished ion conductivity of 2.70 × 10[Formula: see text] S cm[Formula: see text], excellent discharge specific capacity (124 mAh cm[Formula: see text] at 1 C when 200th cycle of Li∥GLCSA-20∥LiFePO[Formula: see text] and outstanding cyclic stability. These virtues support that the GLCSA-20 has great potential for applications in safe LIBs.

Newly comprehensive understanding of Li2 S8 as additive in liquid electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery through reconstructing the cathode and SEI

2020 ◽  
pp. 2151001
Author(s):  
Gangguo He ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Jiayue Han ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Adding Li2S8 as additive in liquid electrolyte (LE) for lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) is one of the most effective strategies which not only suppresses the shuffle effect of lithium polysulfide (LPS) through concentration difference but also maintains the excellent properties of ether-based electrolyte. However, previous researches on this strategy mostly focus on low-concentration Li2S8 additive (no more than 0.2 mol/L), which cannot provide comprehensive understanding of the special role of Li2S8. In this study, high-concentration Li2S8 is selected as the LE additive which is demonstrated inducing two marvelous reconstruction effects that have not been reported both for the cathode and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Through these two effects, the cathode and SEI are reconstructed to form denser and more stable structures, ensuring the battery to possess much higher discharge specific capacity and excellent cycle stability, with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) fade of only 0.091% per cycle. This exploration of Li2S8 additive helps to better understand the role of electrolyte additive and how the concentration of it influences the whole battery system.

Fast charging with high capacity for aluminum rechargeable batteries using organic additive in an ionic liquid electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (47) ◽  
pp. 27525-27528
Author(s):  
Yeseul Park ◽  
Danbi Lee ◽  
Jongmin Kim ◽  
Gibaek Lee ◽  
Yongsug Tak
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Specific Capacity ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Fast Charging

The electrolyte containing benzene additive in Al-ion battery exhibited the best electrochemical properties with a high specific capacity at an extremely high current rate.

scholarly journals The Concordance Between Imaging and Adrenal Vein Sampling Varies With Aldosterone-Driver Somatic Mutation

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. e3628-e3637
Author(s):  
Taweesak Wannachalee ◽  
Elaine Caoili ◽  
Kazutaka Nanba ◽  
Aya Nanba ◽  
William E Rainey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Vein Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Adrenal Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Correct subtyping of primary aldosteronism (PA) is critical for guiding clinical management. Adrenal imaging is less accurate than adrenal vein sampling (AVS); nonetheless, AVS is invasive, technically challenging, and scarcely available. Objective To identify predictors of concordance between cross-sectional imaging and lateralized AVS in patients with PA that could help circumvent AVS in a subset of patients. Methods We retrospectively studied all patients with PA who underwent AVS in a tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019. AVS was performed before and after cosyntropin stimulation. Patients with lateralized AVS in at least one condition were included. Aldosterone synthase-guided next-generation sequencing was performed on available adrenal tissue. Logistic regression was implemented to identify predictors of imaging-AVS lateralization concordance. Results A total of 234 patients (62% men), age 20 to 79 years, 73% white, 23% black, and 2% Asian were included. AVS lateralization was found: 1) both pre- and post-cosyntropin (Uni/Uni) in 138 patients; 2) only at baseline (Uni/Bi) in 39 patients; 3) only after cosyntropin stimulation (Bi/Uni) in 29 patients. Catheterization partially failed in 28 patients. AVS-imaging agreement was higher in patients with KCNJ5 versus other aldosterone-driver somatic mutations (90.3% versus 64.6%; P < 0.001); in Asian and white versus black Americans (75%, 70%, and 36%, respectively); in younger patients; and those with left adrenal nodules and contralateral suppression. Conversely, AVS-imaging agreement was lowest in Uni/Bi patients (38% vs. 69% in Uni/Uni, and 62% in Bi/Uni; P = 0.007). Conclusions While AVS-imaging agreement is higher in young white and Asian patients, who have KCNJ5-mutated aldosterone producing adenomas, no predictor confers absolute imaging accuracy.

scholarly journals An ion redistributor for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaat3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Zi Zhao ◽  
Peng-Yu Chen ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Bo-Quan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have attracted considerable interest due to their ultrahigh theoretical gravimetric capacity and very low redox potential. However, the issues of nonuniform lithium deposits (dendritic Li) during cycling are hindering the practical applications of Li metal batteries. Herein, we propose a concept of ion redistributors to eliminate dendrites by redistributing Li ions with Al-doped Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) coated polypropylene (PP) separators. The LLZTO with three-dimensional ion channels can act as a redistributor to regulate the movement of Li ions, delivering a uniform Li ion distribution for dendrite-free Li deposition. The standard deviation of ion concentration beneath the LLZTO composite separator is 13 times less than that beneath the routine PP separator. A Coulombic efficiency larger than 98% over 450 cycles is achieved in a Li | Cu cell with the LLZTO-coated separator. This approach enables a high specific capacity of 140 mAh g−1 for LiFePO4 | Li pouch cells and prolonged cycle life span of 800 hours for Li | Li pouch cells, respectively. This strategy is facile and efficient in regulating Li-ion deposition by separator modifications and is a universal method to protect alkali metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.

State-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging – Part 2

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Goerne ◽  
Abhishek Chaturvedi ◽  
Sasan Partovi ◽  
Prabhakar Rajiah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Imaging

Abstract. Although pulmonary embolism is the most common abnormality of the pulmonary artery, there is a broad spectrum of other congenital and acquired pulmonary arterial abnormalities. Multiple imaging modalities are now available to evaluate these abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries. CT and MRI are the most commonly used cross-sectional imaging modalities that provide comprehensive information on several aspects of these abnormalities, including morphology, function, risk-stratification and therapy-monitoring. In this article, we review the role of state-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging in the evaluation of non-thromboembolic disorders of pulmonary artery.

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

Enhanced Ion Transport in an Ether Aided Super Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Long-Life Practical Lithium Metal Battery Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbi Pal ◽  
Fangfang Chen ◽  
Derick Gyabang ◽  
Thushan Pathirana ◽  
Binayak Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Metal Battery

We explore a novel ether aided superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte; a combination of ionic liquid, <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C<sub>3</sub>mpyrFSI) and ether solvent, <i>1,2</i> dimethoxy ethane (DME) with 3.2 mol/kg LiFSI salt, which offers an alternative ion-transport mechanism and improves the overall fluidity of the electrolyte. The molecular dynamics (MD) study reveals that the coordination environment of lithium in the ether aided ionic liquid system offers a coexistence of both the ether DME and FSI anion simultaneously and the absence of ‘free’, uncoordinated DME solvent. These structures lead to very fast kinetics and improved current density for lithium deposition-dissolution processes. Hence the electrolyte is used in a lithium metal battery against a high mass loading (~12 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) LFP cathode which was cycled at a relatively high current rate of 1mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for 350 cycles without capacity fading and offered an overall coulombic efficiency of >99.8 %. Additionally, the rate performance demonstrated that this electrolyte is capable of passing current density as high as 7mA/cm<sup>2</sup> without any electrolytic decomposition and offers a superior capacity retention. We have also demonstrated an ‘anode free’ LFP-Cu cell which was cycled over 50 cycles and achieved an average coulombic efficiency of 98.74%. The coordination chemistry and (electro)chemical understanding as well as the excellent cycling stability collectively leads toward a breakthrough in realizing the practical applicability of this ether aided ionic liquid electrolytes in lithium metal battery applications, while delivering high energy density in a prototype cell.

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