Pore–Filling and Thermally Cross–Linked Polyethersulfone Membranes with High Ion Exchange Capacity and Thermal Stability for PEFCs

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Pore Filling ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity

scholarly journals Using of Clay as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Syntheses; A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Enas A. Almadani ◽  
Farah Haron ◽  
Dala M Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Clay and clay modified catalysts have been widely used to catalyze various types of organic reactions such as esterification reactions, isomerization reactions, cyclization reactions, oxidation of alcohols, dehydrogenation, epoxidation and several more. Due to its favorable properties such as low cost, thermal stability, selectivity, large surface area, ion exchange capacity, easily separated, as well as environmental friendly. This paper reviewed some recent studies on the using of clay and modified clay as catalyst for the production of esters.

scholarly journals Graphitic Carbon Nitride based Photocatalytic Systems for High Performance Hydrogen Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pectin cerium(IV) iodate (PcCeI) and cerium(IV) iodate (CeI) cation ion exchange materials were synthesized via sol–gel methods. The materials were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), thermal stability, distribution coefficient (Kd), and pH titrations were investigated to recognize the cation exchange behavior of the materials. The IEC of pectin-cerium(IV) iodate (PcCeI and cerium(IV) iodate CeI were reported as 1.80 meq/g and 0.92 meq/g, respectively. The higher distribution coefficient values of 250.01 and 219.14 mg/L confirmed the selectivity of pectin-cerium(IV) iodate hybrid ion exchanger for As3+ and Zn2+. The antibacterial activity of synthesized ion exchangers was explored for E. coli bacteria and observed relatively higher for PcCeI as compared to CeI.

Physicochemical Properties of SiO2/PVDF Ion-Exchange Membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Xing Tao Zuo ◽  
Zhao Dong Tian ◽  
Shui Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Different Content

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-SiO2anion-exchange membranes was prepared by blending method with the avoidance of chloromethylation. Various membranes were prepared with different content of SiO2nanoparticles. These membranes were extensively characterized for their surface morphology, thermal stability, tensile properties, water content and permselectivity property using SEM, TGA, water uptake and ion exchange capacity measurements. It was found that physicochemical properties of the PVDF/SiO2membranes were found to be highly dependent on the SiO2nanoparticles content in the membrane matrix.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jin He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Property ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Saturation Capacity

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.

scholarly journals Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion and a Superacidic Inorganic Additive for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mazzapioda ◽  
Stefania Panero ◽  
Maria Assunta Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

Nafion composite membranes, containing different amounts of mesoporous sulfated titanium oxide (TiO2-SO4) were prepared by solvent-casting and tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), operating at very low humidification levels. The TiO2-SO4 additive was originally synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Peculiar properties of the composite membranes, such as the thermal transitions and ion exchange capacity, were investigated and here discussed. When used as an electrolyte in the fuel cell, the composite membrane guaranteed an improvement with respect to bare Nafion systems at 30% relative humidity and 110 °C, exhibiting higher power and current densities.

Clinoptilolite: a possible support material for nitrifying biofilms for effective control of ammonium effluent quality?

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Inan ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Peak Loads

Ammonium selective natural zeolite clinoptilolite is suggested as a possible support material for nitrifying biofilms to help improve effluent ammonium quality through its high capacity of ammonium removal in the process of ion exchange. This will especially be helpful in cases where the biofilter receives peak or variable loads routinely or occasionally. At the time of peak loads or shocks of ammonium, ion exchange capacity will provide a buffer for the effluent ammonium quality. Data to support this suggestion is presented.

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