What makes physiology hard for students to learn? Results of a faculty survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Michael
Keyword(s):  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Written Comments ◽  
Faculty Survey ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
The Way

Teachers of physiology at all postsecondary levels were asked to participate in a survey about the possible sources of students’ difficulty in learning physiology. Sixty-three physiology teachers responded to the 18-question survey; 35 of the respondents also responded to a request for written comments about this issue prior to taking the survey. Three categories of possible factors contributing to physiology being hard to learn were defined: 1) the nature of the discipline, 2) the way it is taught, and 3) what students bring to the task of learning physiology. Respondents thought that characteristics of the discipline (it requires causal reasoning, it uses graphs and mathematics, and it is highly integrative) and characteristics of students (they believe that learning and memorizing are the same thing, they cannot or will do attempt to integrate, and they compartmentalize) were significantly more important than any aspect of teaching in making physiology hard to learn. Recommendations are offered in this article to help students deal with the sources of difficulty that were identified.

Women in science: the need for a global cultural change

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Karen Hallberg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cultural Maturity ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper summarizes the talk given at this conference in which the cultural aspect of the low participation of women in science, mainly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) areas, is emphazised. A few personal recollections will be presented and some some striking numbers to illustrate the current situation will be given. In addition, some thought provoking ideas on what is known as “neurosexism” are explicited and a tribute is made to three women that overcame the challenges posed to them in different times in history (including current times) and helped paved the way to the new generation. However, there is still a long way to go. The inclusion of women and of other relegated sectors of society in scientific and technological activities is an important pending issue which will be achieved when our society as a whole reaches the necessary cultural maturity.

Reading with the Fingers: Tactile Signs and the Possibilities for a Language of Touch

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Writing Systems ◽  
Helen Keller ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literate Culture ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Reading System ◽  
The Way ◽  
Accidental Discovery

The accidental discovery in 1786 by Valentin Haüy that embossed script could be read by the fingers paved the way for the concrete development of a fully-fledged haptic reading system. The story of tactile writing systems is spurred in part by shame, a means to include the blind in literate culture. Haüy’s ‘An Essay on the Education of Blind Children’ of 1786 summarized his purpose: “to teach the blind reading, by the assistance of books, where the letters are rendered palpable by their elevation above the surface of the paper” (1894:9). Here the evolution of competing writing systems and their role in education and access to literature and mathematics is detailed, as Braille’s system spread to other countries including Britain and the US, and was famously endorsed by Helen Keller whose own remarkable story of reading and communicating through the skin is so compelling.

scholarly journals Editorial Board Thoughts: Arts into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEAM, Creative Abrasion, and the Opportunity in Libraries Today

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Patrick Tod Colegrove
Keyword(s):  
Science Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzles ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Way

By actively seeking out opportunities to bring art into traditionally STEM-focused activity, and vice-versa, we are deliberately increasing the diversity of the environment. Makerspace services and activities, to the extent they are open and visibly accessible to all, are a natural for the spontaneous development of trans-disciplinary collaboration. Within the spaces of the library, opportunities to connect individuals around shared avocational interest might range from music and spontaneous performance areas to spaces salted with LEGO bricks and jigsaw puzzles; the potential connections between our resources and the members of our communities are as diverse as their interests. Indeed, when a practitioner from one discipline can interact and engage with others from across the STEAM spectrum, the world becomes a richer place – and maybe, just maybe, we can fan the flames of curiosity along the way.

scholarly journals The foundational problem of logic

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Sher
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normativity Of Logic ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Foundational Problem ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe construction of a systematic philosophical foundation for logic is a notoriously difficult problem. In Part One I suggest that the problem is in large part methodological, having to do with the common philosophical conception of “providing a foundation”. I offer an alternative to the common methodology which combines a strong foundational requirement (veridical justification) with the use of non-traditional, holistic tools to achieve this result. In Part Two I delineate an outline of a foundation for logic, employing the new methodology. The outline is based on an investigation of why logic requires a veridical justification, i.e., a justification which involves the world and not just the mind, and what features or aspect of the world logic is grounded in. Logic, the investigation suggests, is grounded in the formal aspect of reality, and the outline proposes an account of this aspect, the way it both constrains and enables logic (gives rise to logical truths and consequences), logic's role in our overall system of knowledge, the relation between logic and mathematics, the normativity of logic, the characteristic traits of logic, and error and revision in logic.

Kripkenstein and Mathematics as the Language of Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Nour Khairi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Language ◽  
Mathematical Operation ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Skeptical Paradox ◽  
The Way

This paper addresses the skeptical paradox highlighted in Saul Kripke’s work Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. The skeptical paradox stands in the way of many attempts to fix meaning in the rule-following of a language. This paper closely assesses the ‘straight solutions’ to this problem with regards to another type of language; mathematics. A conclusion is made that if we cannot sufficiently locate where the meaning lies in a mathematical operation; if we cannot describe how it is that we follow a rule in mathematics, we ought to tread lightly in characterising it as the language of nature.

Rational Animals

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
Mark Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Logical Inference ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

There are no good reasons for denying that animals are rational, and many good reasons for thinking that they are. Many animals have displayed impressive capacities for causal reasoning. And some animals have displayed the ability to engage in logical reasoning operations such as modus tollendo ponens. The common reasons that have been used to deny logical reasoning capacities to animals rest on a series of clear confusions concerning the nature of logical inference and what it is to engage in such inference. It is likely that many animals execute logical inferences in the way humans would if they had not developed external formal structures to scaffold the reasoning processes.

The Sensor Revolution: Benefits and Challenges for the Marine Technical Workforce

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Liesl Hotaling ◽  
Deidre Sullivan ◽  
Jill Zande
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Way

Sensors are revolutionizing the way that we study, explore, and utilize our oceans. The continued development, operation, and expansion of sensors and sensor networks will require a workforce well prepared in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills. Solid preparations in STEM skills are critical to the marine workforce and to other sectors of the economy. National reports and international test scores indicate that these skills are currently lagging in U.S. students, which presents a challenge to the technical workplace. Using sensors and the data produced as an engaging mechanism to teach STEM skills is one way to meet this challenge. Students armed with STEM skills and the motivation to apply those skills in careers that involve sensor development, operations, and data analysis will provide lasting benefits to society and the global economy.

Alfred Tarski's work in set theory

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azriel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Axiom System ◽  
Large Cardinals ◽  
Inaccessible Cardinal ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The University ◽  
Axiomatic Set Theory ◽  
The Way

Alfred Tarski started contributing to set theory at a time when the Zermelo-Fraenkel axiom system was not yet fully formulated and as simple a concept as that of the inaccessible cardinal was not yet fully defined. At the end of Tarski's career the basic concepts of the three major areas and tools of modern axiomatic set theory, namely constructibility, large cardinals and forcing, were already clearly defined and were in the midst of a rapid successful development. The role of Tarski in this development was somewhat similar to the role of Moses showing his people the way to the Promised Land and leading them along the way, while the actual entry of the Promised Land was done mostly by the next generation. The theory of large cardinals was started mostly by Tarski, and developed mostly by his school. The mathematical logicians of Tarski's school contributed much to the development of forcing, after its discovery by Paul Cohen, and to a lesser extent also to the development of the theory of constructibility, discovered by Kurt Gödel. As in other areas of logic and mathematics Tarski's contribution to set theory cannot be measured by his own results only; Tarski was a source of energy and inspiration to his pupils and collaborators, of which I was fortunate to be one, always confronting them with new problems and pushing them to gain new ground.Tarski's interest in set theory was probably aroused by the general emphasis on set theory in Poland after the First World War, and by the influence of Wactaw Sierpinski, who was one of Tarski's teachers at the University of Warsaw. The very first paper published by Tarski, [21], was a paper in set theory.

scholarly journals Persuasion In Advertisements Of Freight Forwarding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Galuh Dynasty Mula Suparma ◽  
◽  
Chatarini Septi Ngudi Lestari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Freight Forwarding ◽  
The Way

This study is concerned with persuasion in advertisements of freight forwarding which were uploaded within 2019 on YouTube based on discourse analysis perspective. This study aims to find out the kinds of persuasive strategies and the way how persuasions are used. To reach those goals, Beebe & Beebe’s theory of persuasive strategies and Makosky’s theory of persuasion technique are applied. Qualitative research employed since the data are in the form of words, phrases, or even sentences. The result showed that the kind of persuasive strategy which mostly performed in freight forwarding advertisements is causal reasoning (49). Moreover, the way of using persuasion in the form of persuasion technique which mostly applied is the appeal to or creation of needs (92)

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