On the Emotional and Emotive Power of Translation: Translation Experiment

The purpose of the article is to see whether the power of the literary work rules the reader’s emotions and whether the extra-lexical elements of the text are participating in the transfer of emotions. The author is going to answer these questions based on two authored translations of Sergey Mikhalkov’s poem into Polish. The understanding of the reception of the literary text as an aesthetic impression forces one to seek affective tensions, or elements which influence the emotional reactions of the reader. In reference to the conducted study it is essential to describe (and delineate) two concepts: the text’s emotive power and the reader’s emotional power. The literary work selected for analysis is not a typical one. Its structure was based on rhythm, which was used in an excellent way. Rhyme, on the other hand, appears only in the last two verses. The proposed translation uses a potential rhyme to add the emotional value in relation to the original text. Such a play with the reader is only possible when he/she understands the whole mechanism. A similar device used to increase the emotional value is maintaining the formal aspect of the original (octosyllable or heptasyllable verses), which sounds slightly artificial in Polish, given its permanent, paroxytone, accent. The analysis confirms that a translator is able to increase or reduce the emotional power of reception by modifying the text’s emotive power.

Architettura nel farsi delle cose

When compared with the central-eastern ones, the Western Alps have experienced a growing marginality in the new century. After all, getting out of the heavy legacy left by twentieth-century modernisation – abandonment of territories and tourism – is not easy. Today, however, there seems to be some evidence of a radical change in sensitivity, characterised by an awareness of the potential and limits of the contemporary architecture in relation to local dimension. This is how environment, landscape, history, traditions, heritage are no longer just a “fetish” to be exhibited for the mountain users, but become the threads with which contemporaneity tries to mend the ties interrupted with the territories. Quality architecture no longer seems to be just a self-referential exercise of composition, but a conscious opportunity to translate the demands, imaginaries, expectations, identities of the territories, in physical projects. Projects that are within the processes and that necessarily respond to compromises, in which sometimes the aesthetic-formal aspect is only one among all that control the project, that become the result of extremely diversified and contrasting questions. This working condition, always at the edge of the processes, inevitably also affects the forms of architecture, in which the difficulties and precariousness of the operational context become a prerequisite for the characterisation of the figurative and architectural aspects.

Integrity of the Coordinating Construction as a System

The integrity of the coordinating construction is created by its connection with external systems: a text, a surrounding reality, thinking, communication in so-ciety. The leading aspects of the coordinating construction are logical and commu-nicative ones. A formal aspect serves them as means of their expression and it can-not claim to the leading role. It supplies integrity with its two peculiarities: by reduction the whole variety of coordinating constructions to compound sentences and by including the construction into the text. It is necessary to consider that these two peculiarities are the result of the influence exerted by logical and communica-tive content of the coordinating construction. Described situation also takes part in creating the integrity of the coordinat-ing construction. If it were not used, there would not be material for thinking and communication. It seems that its role is settled here. Such conclusion follows from the fact that thinking and needs of communication apply to it «according to one’s opinion»: existedfacts are not called; what is not connected outwardis joined; the speaker begins to inform the facts which he or she does not know exactly. Besides, the construction calls the things which do not exist, some of them are only referred to. The last point of «diminution» of the semantic aspect is the use of the particle «only» as an equal in rights component, the role of which brings to naught in the semantic aspect.The analysis of the coordinating construction integrity registered that two language functions are equally important for it: the function of creating and form-ing thought and the communicative function. The intellectual function takes the first place, indeed. Only thanks to thinking and understanding of multiplicity and its el-ements, «diminution» of the semantic aspect is possible. In other words, there would be no coordinating constructions at all without understanding multiplicity and its elements.

The Phenomenon of Phonological Follow in Al-Amali Abi Ali Al-Qali’s Book (seq.356 Hijri): A Phonological Study

This research discusses the verbal follow phenomenon in Al-Amali Abi Al-Qali’s book (seq.356 Hijri). It aims to limit the examples of this phenomenon in the book, and examine it phonologically. Accordingly, the researcher adopted the analaytical descriptive approach, taking into account Al-Rawi’s letter when ordering the verbal follow-based examples, and the order they took in the book in question. The purposes behind this phonological study of verbal follow in Al-Amali’s book are to: reach the sounds which Arabs prefer in the process of following, confirm different beautiful and desirable senses, have easy and speedy pronunciation, maintain harmony between adjacent sounds, count the sounds that occur at the beginning of the follower- a disputable phonological issue between the follower and following- and spot the phonological change that occurs to the follower. Accordingly, a caution is needed to maintain harmony and homogeneity between two pronunciations to achieve the process of following. Or, the structure of the word follower is changed to match its peer followed word.The study has shown that Al-Qali was the eldest in dealing with the formal aspect of the phenomenon. He pointed to the idea of merging the last letter in the subordinate and the follower, and compared it with a stylistic, artistic, and acoustic characteristic, which is included in the innate rhetoric, i.e., assonance. By that, he has determined the most important formal acoustic features of the rhythmic complex as represented by the endings of the sequences, which have a musical rhythm.

Analizando el régimen de las nulidades desde un defecto formal (falta de firma en la escritura)

Este trabajo trata la teoría general de las nulidades, pero se hace una vinculación con lo práctico, con la intención de darle al lector de esta revista algo entretenido. Trata de vincularlo con el trabajo cotidiano del notario, la escritura en su aspecto formal, haciendo hincapié en las soluciones de esos defectos que causan la nulidad.ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the general theory of nullities, but a link is made with the practical, with the intention of giving the reader of this magazine something entertaining. It try to link with the daily work of the notary, the deed in its formal aspect, emphasizing the solutions of those defects that cause nullity.

KEDUDUKAN PEGAWAI NOTARIS SEBAGAI SAKSI DALAM AKTA AUTENTIK PADA PROSES PENYIDIKAN DAN PERADILAN DITINJAU UNDANG-UNDANG JABATAN NOTARIS

The existence of a Deed Witness is part of the formal aspect of the deed. Without a witness deed, t the notary deed as a Notary Deed, but only has the power of proof as an underhand deed. In addition, the actions of Notary employees as witnesses to deeds in each Notary’s deed are included in the notary fi eld, so that if it is linked to Article 16 paragraph (1) letter f of the Notary Position Law regarding keeping everything concerning deeds made by Notaries, the employees should a notary as a witness to the deed must be able to keep the contents of the deed confi dential. This article intends to fi nd out about the process of summoning notary employees who are witnesses to the deed for investigation and trial in connection with the confi dentiality of the contents of the deed and protecting the confi dentiality of the contents of the deed in the investigation and judicial process involving notary offi ce employees as witnesses to the deed. The results show that summoning notary employees who are deed witnesses for investigation and trial based on UUJN is that there are no rules for special procedures for calling witnesses to deeds in the investigation and trial process. A witness to deed does not have the right of refusal as a notary, therefore what applies is the provision as reference to KUHAP and HIR/Rbg. Protection of the confi dentiality of the contents of the deed in the investigation and judicial process involving notary offi ce employees as witnesses to the deed that there is no obligation for notary employees who are witnesses to the deed to keep the contents of the deed secret during the investigation and trial process. Notary employees who are witnesses to the deed do not completely violate the law because there are no rules in UUJN that regulate the oath to keep the contents of the deed confi dential

FORMAL ASPECT OF EDUCATION: CONVERSION OF THE SOFT POWER TO THE SUPPORT OF SPIRITUAL SECURITY OF TRAINEE (PRACTICAL VIEW)

The aim of the article is to think over author’s personal teaching experience. The object is a formal aspect of education - its organization & its process - which are ruled by basic documents, for example, standards or programs. It’s clear that they are the essential part & aspect of education. But sometimes they are underestimated by the lecturers & by students as well. It becomes the case for growth of resentment & misunderstanding in them that finally triggers negative reactions & lowers the efficiency of the work of each part. These days the negative reactions are used by global players to get their own goals which are achieved in the course of the war of a new type that got a specific name & term. Today it is called informational war in which the Russian Federation is involved. The review and the reassess the potential of the formal aspect of education is considered as one of the ways & sources to resist in a serious rival struggle & the form as itself - all the documents - are taken as a specific instrument that helps to weaken the pressure on young contemporaries’ minds - students of colleges & universities. The key to improve the effectiveness of educational and pedagogical work is opening & clearing up the students the essential & fundamental role of the basic, common known terms that stay hidden & unnoticed. These ideas could be helpful to provide spiritual security of young contemporaries & Russian society in general.

Cartografías políticas del recuerdo: identidad y espacio en Mapa dibujado por un espía de Guillermo Cabrera Infante

This work addresses the way geographical space is represented in Mapa dibujado por un espía (2013) by Guillermo Cabrera Infante. Taking into account the notions of Wayne C. Booth and Walter Benjamin regarding the narrator and the role of literature in society, we analyze this formal aspect of the text, the focalization of which proposes a “true” plot. The cartography of La Havana is based on the experience of the Cuban revolutionary reality that contrasts radically with the memories of the capital in the 50s. The historical data and the perception of the protagonist are combined in order to trace his identity, which is a form of the author’s insertion in the text: politics and daily life converge in order to re-map a space in which traditional culture and revolutionary cultural control are contrasted.

THE ORNAMENT CONCEPT IN THE MANIFESTOS OF THE ARCHITECT B. TSCHUMI

The article elevates the problem of studying ornamental forms in architecture. Ornament in the context of deconstructivism seems to be a paradoxical phenomenon, but, nevertheless, its presence is marked by the conceptual texts of deconstructivist architects. The ornament is studied as a formal aspect, the structure of which is able to involve, link and produce a number of essential characteristics that determine architectural shaping. Ornament is interconnected with form, semantic, communicative, and formal aspects that are integrated and localized in the concepts, form, and space of architecture. The research is based on the concepts, manifestations and theoretical research of the deconstructivist architect Bernard Tschumi. The research is aimed at expanding the subject field of ornamental form in the direction of conceptual and structural aspects. The phenomenon of the ornamental form is revealed as a multiplicity of abstract structural equivalents, where the connections between the subject and abstract aspects of the structure of the ornamental form are paradoxically actualized.