Undergraduate students' misconceptions about respiratory physiology.

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. S127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Michael ◽  
D Richardson ◽  
A Rovick ◽  
H Modell ◽  
D Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Approximately 700 undergraduates studying physiology at community colleges, a liberal arts college, and universities were surveyed to determine the prevalence of our misconceptions about respiratory phenomena. A misconception about the changes in breathing frequency and tidal volume (physiological variables whose changes can be directly sensed) that result in increased minute ventilation was found to be present in this population with comparable prevalence (approximately 60%) to that seen in a previous study. Three other misconceptions involving phenomena that cannot be experienced directly and therefore were most likely learned in some educational setting were found to be of varying prevalence. Nearly 90% of the students exhibited a misconception about the relationship between arterial oxygen partial pressure and hemoglobin saturation. Sixty-six percent of the students believed that increasing alveolar oxygen partial pressure leads to a decrease in alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure. Nearly 33% of the population misunderstood the relationship between metabolism and ventilation. The possible origins of these respiratory misconceptions are discussed and suggestions for how to prevent and/or remediate them are proposed.

Zacopride and 8-OH-DPAT reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypoxia but not catatonic immobilization in goats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. R405-R413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leith C. R. Meyer ◽  
Andrea Fuller ◽  
Duncan Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Serotonergic Drugs

Neurophysiological studies have shown that serotonergic ligands that bind to 5-HT1A, 5-HT7, and 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in brain stem have beneficial effects on respiratory neurons during opioid-induced respiratory depression. The effect of these ligands on respiratory function and pulmonary performance has not been studied. We therefore examined the effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), an agonist of 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors, and zacopride, an agonist of 5-HT4 receptors, to establish whether these ligands would reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypoxia without affecting the immobilizing properties of the opioid drug etorphine. When etorphine was used to sedate and immobilize goats, it significantly decreased respiratory rate ( P = 0.013), percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation ( P < 0.0001), and arterial oxygen partial pressure [PaO2; F(10,70) = 5.67, P < 0.05] and increased arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure [ F(10,70) = 3.87, P < 0.05] and alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient [A-a gradients; F(10,70) = 8.23, P < 0.0001]. Zacopride and 8-OH-DPAT, coadministered with etorphine, both attenuated the effects of etorphine; respiration rates did not decrease, and percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation and PaO2 remained elevated. Zacopride decreased the hypercapnia, indicating an improvement in ventilation, whereas 8-OH-DPAT did not affect the hypercapnia and, therefore, did not improve ventilation. The main beneficial effect of 8-OH-DPAT was on the pulmonary circulation; it improved oxygen diffusion, indicated by the normal A-a gradients, presumably by improving ventilation perfusion ratios. Neither zacopride nor 8-OH-DPAT reversed etorphine-induced catatonic immobilization. We conclude that serotonergic drugs that act on 5-HT1A, 5-HT7, and 5-HT4 receptors reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypoxia without reversing catatonic immobilization.

PERIODIC BREATHING AND APNEA IN PRETERM INFANTS. II. HYPOXIA AS A PRIMARY EVENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Henrique Rigatto ◽  
June P. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Primary Event ◽  
The Relationship

We studied nine healthy preterm infants during the first 35 days of life to define the relationship between periodic breathing, apnea, and hypoxia. For this purpose we compared ventilation/apnea (V/A), minute ventilation, and alveolar and capillary blood gases during periodic breathing induced by hypoxia and during spontancous periodic breathing in room air. We induced periodic breathing by giving the baby in sequence 21, 19, 17, and 15% O2 to breathe for 5 minutes each, and also by giving 21, 15, and 21% O2. We measured ventilation with a nosepiece and a screen flowmeter. With a decrease in arterial oxygen tension, preterm infants (1) hypoventilated, (2) breathed periodically more frequently, and (3) showed a decrease in V/A due to an increase in the apneic interval. In one baby this led to apnea lasting 30 seconds. These findings support our hypothesis that preterm infants breathing periodically hypoventilate and suggest that hypoxia may be a primary event leading to periodic breathing and apnea.

scholarly journals Intelligent Monitoring of Care Status for COPD Patients Based on Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Chen ◽  
Yufen Yao
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Copd Patients

To discuss the application method and effect of COPD patients in deep learning in intelligent monitoring, two groups were used under a reasonable selection of antibiotics specifically including reasonable and effective oxygen administration, atomization, sputum discharge treatment, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation training and treatment. Results were indicated, and there were significant differences between the lung function evaluation index and the two groups. Its intelligent monitoring mode was 97.5% and 80.0%, while the red blood cell ratio, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and symptom improvement were better than artificial and were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Therefore, the training of the anti-inspiratory muscle can effectively improve the lung function and dyspnea symptoms of COPD patients at the stable stage, thus greatly improving their respiratory function and ensuring the quality of life of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.

scholarly journals P220 Transfer factor and arterial oxygen partial pressure are predictors of survival in hospital outpatients with COPD

Thorax ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. A157-A157
Author(s):  
A. K. Boutou ◽  
D. Shrikrishna ◽  
R. J. Tanner ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
J. L. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Hospital Outpatients

Variable Ventilation Improves Perioperative Lung Function in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Boker ◽  
Craig J. Haberman ◽  
Linda Girling ◽  
Randy P. Guzman ◽  
George Louridas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Variable Ventilation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy

Background Optimizing perioperative mechanical ventilation remains a significant clinical challenge. Experimental models indicate that "noisy" or variable ventilation (VV)--return of physiologic variability to respiratory rate and tidal volume--improves lung function compared with monotonous control mode ventilation (CV). VV was compared with CV in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy, a patient group known to be at risk of deteriorating lung function perioperatively. Methods After baseline measurements under general anesthesia (CV with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min), patients were randomized to continue CV or switch to VV (computer control of the ventilator at the same minute ventilation but with 376 combinations of respiratory rate and tidal volume). Lung function was measured hourly for the next 6 h during surgery and recovery. Results Forty-one patients for aneurysmectomy were studied. The characteristics of the patients in the two groups were similar. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (group x time interaction) revealed greater arterial oxygen partial pressure (P = 0.011), lower arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (P = 0.012), lower dead space ventilation (P = 0.011), increased compliance (P = 0.049), and lower mean peak inspiratory pressure (P = 0.013) with VV. Conclusions The VV mode of ventilation significantly improved lung function over CV in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy.

scholarly journals Low Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure Induces Pulmonary Thrombocytopenia in Patients and a Mouse Model.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limeng Wu ◽  
Ninghong Guo ◽  
Zhenyan Xu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Qinmei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure

Abstract Background: Recent basic studies demonstrate that the lung is a primary organ of platelet biogenesis. However, whether the pathophysiological state of the lung affect the platelets is little known. We aim to investigate the incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) and risk factors associated with pulmonary thrombocytopenia.Methods: In total, 11941 patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) were enrolled, and patients with other three infectious diseases were collected as controls. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was compared, and the risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in PIN patients were investigated by multivariate analysis. To explore the mechanism of thrombocytopenia, hypoxic model was constructed. Blood platelet counts from the angular vein (PLTs), left ventricle (PLTpost) and right ventricle (PLTpre) were determined. Megakaryocytes identified by anti-CD41 antibody were detected through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia in PIN was higher than that in other three infectious diseases (9.8% vs 6.4%~5.0%, P<0.001). Low arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was an important risk factor for thrombocytopenia (OR=0.88; P<0.001). In a hypoxic mouse model, PLTs decreased (518.38±127.92 vs 840.75±77.30, P<0.05), which showed that low PaO2 induced thrombocytopenia. The difference between the PLTpost and PLTpre (△PLTpost-pre), representing the production of platelets in the lungs, was significantly attenuated in hypoxic mice when compared with normoxic mice (F=25.47, P<0.05). Additionally, proportions of CD41-positive megakaryocytes in the lungs, marrow, spleen all decreased in hypoxic mice.Conclusion: There is a high incidence for thrombocytopenia in PIN patients. Low PaO2-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with impaired generation of platelet in the lungs.

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