Emerging role of MyomiRs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Skeletal Muscle Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanya Srivastava ◽  
Richa Rathor ◽  
Som Nath Singh ◽  
Geetha Suryakumar
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Loss ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Several chronic diseases lead to skeletal muscle loss and a decline in physical performance. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs, which has exhibited its role in the development and diseased state of the skeletal muscle. miRNA regulates gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of its target mRNA. Due to the robust stability in biological fluids, miRNAs are ideal candidate as biomarker. These miRNAs provide a novel avenue in strengthening our awareness and knowledge about the factors governing skeletal muscle functions such as, development, growth, metabolism, differentiation and cell proliferation. It also helps in understanding the therapeutic strategies in improving or conserving skeletal muscle health. This review outlines the evidence regarding the present knowledge on the role miRNA as a potential biomarker in skeletal muscle diseases and their exploration might be a unique and potential therapeutic strategy for various skeletal muscle disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianghua Xia ◽  
Xubo Huang ◽  
Jieru Huang ◽  
Yongfeng Zheng ◽  
Michael E. March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Autophagy Activity

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of tissue in human body, being involved in diverse activities and maintaining a finely tuned metabolic balance. Autophagy, characterized by the autophagosome–lysosome system with the involvement of evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related genes, is an important catabolic process and plays an essential role in energy generation and consumption, as well as substance turnover processes in skeletal muscles. Autophagy in skeletal muscles is finely tuned under the tight regulation of diverse signaling pathways, and the autophagy pathway has cross-talk with other pathways to form feedback loops under physiological conditions and metabolic stress. Altered autophagy activity characterized by either increased formation of autophagosomes or inhibition of lysosome-autophagosome fusion can lead to pathological cascades, and mutations in autophagy genes and deregulation of autophagy pathways have been identified as one of the major causes for a variety of skeleton muscle disorders. The advancement of multi-omics techniques enables further understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle disorders, which may yield novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Avan Sayer ◽  
Sian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Muscle Health

In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.

Activities of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum in various skeletal muscle disorders.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arenas ◽  
V Diaz ◽  
G Liras ◽  
E Gutierrez ◽  
I Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Isoenzyme Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Abstract We studied possible correlations between anatomopathological and clinical features and the values for total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and its isoenzymes, including the proportion of CK-MB, in a population displaying several neuromuscular pathologies. Although we observed no specific isoenzyme pattern associated with the different myopathies, we found isoenzyme analysis useful in studying the histopathological evolution of illness. We also considered whether the pathology was regenerative or nonregenerative, and what type of fiber (I or II) was involved. High CK-MB percentages (greater than 6%) were associated with regenerative and type I fiber myopathies, with regenerative type tissues being the principal factor associated with an increasing proportion of CK-MB. Studying the changes in CK-MB percentage in serum appears to be useful in discriminating neuromuscular from myocardial pathologies.

scholarly journals Is Gene-Size an Issue for the Diagnosis of Skeletal Muscle Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Savarese ◽  
Salla Välipakka ◽  
Mridul Johari ◽  
Peter Hackman ◽  
Bjarne Udd
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Gene Size ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Gene Therapy of Skeletal Muscle Disorders Using Viral Vectors

Muscle ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L.H. Arnett ◽  
Julian N. Ramos ◽  
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

scholarly journals Impact of Melatonin on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Stacchiotti ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Skeletal muscle disorders are dramatically increasing with human aging with enormous sanitary costs and impact on the quality of life. Preventive and therapeutic tools to limit onset and progression of muscle frailty include nutrition and physical training. Melatonin, the indole produced at nighttime in pineal and extra-pineal sites in mammalians, has recognized anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Mitochondria are the favorite target of melatonin, which maintains them efficiently, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage. Here, we discuss the most recent evidence of dietary melatonin efficacy in age-related skeletal muscle disorders in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. Furthermore, we analyze the emerging impact of melatonin on physical activity. Finally, we consider the newest evidence of the gut–muscle axis and the influence of exercise and probably melatonin on the microbiota. In our opinion, this review reinforces the relevance of melatonin as a safe nutraceutical that limits skeletal muscle frailty and prolongs physical performance.

Transforming growth factor-?2 is elevated in skeletal muscle disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Murakami ◽  
Ian S. McLennan ◽  
Ikuya Nonaka ◽  
Kyoko Koishi ◽  
Christina Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Effects of Botanicals on Skeletal Muscle Health in Order to Prevent Sarcopenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rondanelli ◽  
A. Miccono ◽  
G. Peroni ◽  
F. Guerriero ◽  
P. Morazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Loss ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Anti Inflammation

We performed a systematic review to evaluate the evidence-based medicine regarding the main botanical extracts and their nutraceutical compounds correlated to skeletal muscle health in order to identify novel strategies that effectively attenuate skeletal muscle loss and enhance muscle function and to improve the quality of life of older subjects. This review contains all eligible studies from 2010 to 2015 and included 57 publications. We focused our attention on effects of botanical extracts on growth and health of muscle and divided these effects into five categories: anti-inflammation, muscle damage prevention, antifatigue, muscle atrophy prevention, and muscle regeneration and differentiation.

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